Council of Ministers of the USSR
RESOLUTION of April 11, 1967 N 300
On the structures and states of the central devices of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs, the USSR Ministry of Industralial, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR and the Ministry of Agriculture of the USSR, clarifying the lists of enterprises and organizations to be transferred to these ministries and the territorial majority of construction

The Council of Ministers of the SSR Union decides:

1. To approve the structures of the central devices of the USSR Minbection, the USSR Ministry of Industralion, the USSR Ministry of Establishment and the USSR Ministry of Agriculture according to Annexes N 1, 2, 3 and 4.

2. To establish a staff number of the central office of the USSR mining unit in the amount of 1070 units, the Ministry of Industralion of the USSR - 1030 units, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR - 1000 units and the USSR Ministry of Agriculture - 850 units (without the number of personnel on the protection and maintenance of buildings and without the number of central apparatus in the territorial main construction).

3. Have a USSR Ministry of Industry, the USSR Ministry of Industry, Ministry of Assemary of the USSR and the USSR Ministry of Association of 7 Deputy Ministers and Collegiums as part of no more than 15 people.

4. Take the suggestions of the USSR state suggestions and the USSR state system about clarifying the distribution of the activities of the USSR mining activities, the Ministry of Industralion of the USSR, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR and the USSR Ministry of Agriculture:

construction organizations and enterprises in the Bryansk, Orlovskaya, Kaluga and Chita regions and in the Buryat ASSRA transfer from the management of the USSR Ministry of Industralion to the Ministry of Industric USSR;

construction organizations and enterprises in the Yaroslavl, Saratov and Tambov regions and in the Chuvash Autonomous ASSR to manage the Ministry of Industure of the USSR maintaining the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR;

building organizations and enterprises in the Yakutsk ASSR Transfer from the management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR to maintain the Minbinity of the USSR and the Luganskhimstroy Plant from the USSR Ministry of Industric System into the USSR Mining System;

construction organizations and enterprises in the Georgian SSR transfer from the Ministry of Industric USSR to the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR. In this regard, to recognize appropriate to transform the Republican Ministry of Construction of the Georgian SSR in the Union-Republican Ministry;

construction organizations and enterprises in the Mari Autonomous Assessment to transfer from the Ministry of Internal Affairs to the USSR Ministry of Agriculture.

5. The Council of Ministers of the RSFSR provide:

a) translation in the prescribed manner of employees of the Central Apparatus of the former Ministry of Construction of the RSFSR to work in MINTHYZHSTROY USSR, MINPROMSTROY USSR, MinStroy USSR and the Ministry of Assistroy USSR;

b) transfer to mining of the USSR, the Ministry of Industral Color of the USSR and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR territorial major construction controls in accordance with Appendix N 5.

Instructing the USSR Minzhazhstroy, the USSR Ministry of Industor and the Ministry of Investigation of the USSR consolidate the territorial main management and construction organizations and enterprises and in connection with this to abolish 5 territorial main construction departments, including 2 major departments of the USSR Maintenance of the USSR, 1 - Ministry of Industralion of the USSR and 2 The USSR, as well as to hold work in 1967 to simplify the structure of the territorial bodies of construction and reduce the number of their apparatus.

Chairman

Council of Ministers of the SSR Union

A.Koshipin

Manager

Cases of Council of Ministers of the USSR

M.Smirtyukov

Appendix N 1.

to the decree

Council of Ministers of the USSR

STRUCTURE

Central Apparatus Minzhinsky USSR

The General Directorate for Construction in the areas of the Center - Head Centerrothezhstroy.

The General Directorate for Construction in the districts of the North-West - Glavsevapyzhstroy.

The main production and administrative management of the Ukrainian SSR and the Kazakh SSR.

in black metallurgy

for non-ferrous metallurgy,

in the coal industry

Industry controls:

on mechanical engineering

on the chemical and refineries,

on building materials, forest and pulp and paper industry,

in light, food, meat and dairy industry and agriculture,

The General Directorate of Industrial Enterprises and the Construction Industry - Glavnyazhstroyindustry.

The Main Department of Construction Mechanization - GlavnyazhstroyMukhanization.

The main management of material and technical supply is the head of the mainstreamsnab.

Transport Department.

Scientific and Technical Council.

Control of external interchanges.

Financial management.

Central Accounting.

Estimated contract department.

First department.

Second department.

Economic management.

Business manager

Council of Ministers of the USSR

M.Smirtyukov

Appendix N 2.

to the decree

Council of Ministers of the USSR

STRUCTURE

Central Apparatus Ministry of Industralion USSR

The main construction department in the southern regions - Glavugpromstroy.

The General Directorate for Construction in the areas of Siberia - Glavsybpromstroy.

The main production and administrative management of the Ukrainian SSR, the Belarusian SSR, Azerbaijan SSR and the Armenian SSR.

The main production and administrative management of the RSFSR.

Industry governance (for the rights of main departments):

in the chemical industry

on the oil refining and petrochemical industry,

according to special industries.

Industry controls:

by industry building materials and pulp and paper industry

on mechanical engineering

in light, food, fish, meat and dairy and medical industry,

on housing and civil construction.

The General Directorate of Industrial Enterprises of the Construction Industry - Glavpromstroyindustry.

The main management of capital construction.

The main management of the mechanization of construction works - the chief presidentsmashhanization.

The main management of logistics - Glavpromstroyssnab.

The General Directorate of Specialized Works - Glavspotspromstroy.

Planning and economic management (for the rights of the main management).

Technical management (on the rights of the main management).

Scientific and Technical Council.

Transport Department.

Department of foreign construction and external relations.

Management of managing personnel and educational institutions.

Managing work personnel, labor and salary.

Financial management.

Central Accounting.

Estimated contract department.

Department of labor protection and safety.

First department.

Second department.

Legal department (with arbitration).

The Office of the Ministry (with the inclusion of the Secretariat, the Inspectorate with the Minister and the General Department).

Economic management.

Business manager

Council of Ministers of the USSR

M.Smirtyukov

Appendix N 3.

to the decree

Council of Ministers of the USSR

STRUCTURE

Central Apparatus Forestroy USSR

The General Directorate for Construction in the Central Regions of the RSFSR - Chief Culturer.

Main Directorate for Construction in Areas Western Siberia. - Glavapsibstroy.

The main production and administrative management of the Georgian SSR, the Lithuanian SSR, the Latvian SSR and the Estonian SSR.

The main production and administrative management of the Uzbek SSR, Moldavian SSR, Kyrgyz SSR, Tajik SSR and the Turkmen SSR.

The main production and administrative management of the RSFSR.

Industry governance (for the rights of main departments):

on mechanical engineering

in light, food, fish, meat and dairy, medical industry, trade and local industry,

according to special industries.

Industry controls:

by heavy industry

by industry of building materials,

on housing and civil construction.

The main management of production enterprises and the construction industry - chief institution.

The main management of material and technical supply is Chardroysnab.

The main management of construction work mechanization - GlavStroyMukhanization.

Transport Department.

Planning and economic management (for the rights of the main management).

The main management of capital construction.

Management of managing personnel and educational institutions.

Managing work frames and life.

Office of labor organization and wages.

Technical management (on the rights of the main management).

Estimated contract department.

Department of labor protection and safety.

Scientific and Technical Council.

Central Accounting.

Financial management.

Control of external interchanges.

Legal department (with arbitration).

First department.

Second department.

The Office of the Ministry (with the inclusion of the Secretariat, the Inspectorate with the Minister and the General Department).

Economic management.

Business manager

Council of Ministers of the USSR

M.Smirtyukov

Appendix N 4.

to the decree

Council of Ministers of the USSR

STRUCTURE

Central Apparatus Ministry of Self-Building of the USSR

The main production and administrative management of the RSFSR.

The main production and administrative management of the Ukrainian SSR and the Moldavian SSR.

The main production and administrative management of the Belarusian SSR, the Lithuanian SSR, the Latvian SSR and the Estonian SSR.

The main production and administrative management of the Kazakh SSR.

The main production and administrative management of the Uzbek SSR, Kyrgyz SSR, Tajik SSR and the Turkmen SSR.

The main production and administrative management of the Georgian SSR, Azerbaijan SSR and the Armenian SSR.

The Main Directorate for the construction of elevators and other special buildings and structures is the head of challenge.

The General Directorate for the construction of agricultural facilities abroad - Glavazarubezhselstroy.

The General Directorate of Specialized Mounting Works - GlavmontazhSetstroy.

The main management of the development of the construction industry and production enterprises - Glavashelstroyindustry.

Control on intercolotous construction.

The main management of logistics - Glavselstroysnab.

Industry controls:

for industrial construction,

on housing and civil construction.

Planning and economic management (for the rights of the main management).

Technical management (on the rights of the main management).

Scientific and Technical Council.

Mechanization management.

Transport Department.

The main management of capital construction.

Management of managing personnel and educational institutions.

Management of labor organization, wages and workframes.

Estimated contract department.

Central Accounting.

Financial management.

Department of external interchanges.

First department.

Second department.

Office (with the inclusion of the Secretariat, the Legal Department with Arbitration and Inspectorate for Minister).

Economic management.

Business manager

Council of Ministers of the USSR

M.Smirtyukov

Appendix N 5.

to the decree

Council of Ministers of the USSR

SCROLL

Territorial Main Directorates for Construction

Former Ministry of Construction of the RSFSR transmitted

Powered by Minbection of the USSR, Ministry of Industralion of the USSR

And the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR

Minbeid of the USSR:

Glavshevkavstroy, Glavyujuralstroy, Glavshreduralstroy, Glavkuzbasstroy, Glavakrasnoyarsktroy, Glavdalstroy, Glavkomyshstroy, Glavmurmanskstroy.

Ministry of Industure of the USSR:

GlavSevzzzz, Glavarhalangelskstroy, Glavprokskststroy, Glavnshnevolzhskstroy, Glavsrednevolzhskstroy, Glavsovekissekstroy, Chalkavnminkurortstroy, Chief Supaduralstroitstroy, Glavvostoxybstroy.

In the Soviet period, a sustainable development of society was ensured, and then capital construction was not a component of state urban-planning policy aimed at conducting such policies, and functioned as an independent phenomenon, designed to solve the main task of the country's industrial development, without taking into account the basic principles of the development of territories. It was directed to solve primarily utilitarian tasks (creating an economic base, ensuring minimal housing standards), since it functioned in the paradigm of industrial society. A holistic, harmonious approach to ensuring the needs of society was absent. As a result, the development of cities and settlements was the excessive development of the zones necessary for conducting production activities, and the living area was created on the residual principle and was low quality. The category of "urban planning" in the Soviet legislation was practically not used and, as such as not disclosed at all, although it was used in practical activity architects. But the scope of capital construction was regulated by an innumerable amount of multi-level regulatory acts, which were often even duplicated with each other. In fact, capital construction performed the tasks of urban planning activities, and therefore it is advisable to consider the organization of state regulation of capital construction in soviet times. Conditionally, several periods of development of such state activities can be distinguished.

The first period, in which the occurrence of capital construction was held as an independent phenomenon, passed from 1918 to 1941. Public policy That time was aimed at strengthening the role of the state and at the same time weakening the role of the private sector of the economy, this approach and the scope of capital construction does not bypassed. In 1918, the Committee of State Structures of the Wighs, and the decree of the SCS of the USSR dated December 1, 1919, it was established that the construction of the state was subject to control from the state: each concluded a construction contract was made to report government financial bodies, regardless of the face of the Customer and the Contractor It was aimed at combating private property and approving the priority of the state, even in the private sphere of life.

In 1921, the provision "On State Contracts and Supplies" was approved. According to his conditions, the contractor is obliged to build risk state Institution (Enterprise), and Kaz Tag (state) was obliged to pay for the work performed. The above testifies only about one thing: the state tried to be the only customer at the conclusion of construction contract agreements [p.659]. In the Civil Code of 1922, contractual relations were settled in chapter 7 "in a row". In Article 235, which it was noted that, along with the norms of the Civil Code, there is a special act, which regulates the public relations arising from the contract of the contract, with the customers of whose contractual organizations on behalf of the state. That is, under the construction contract, in contrast to the Code of Laws of the Russian Empire, 1835 such subjects were excluded as individuals [p.248]. And L. Bryud about this noted that capital construction was carried out for their own needs [p.102]. The construction in a row was completely under the control of the state, and performed a unified customer, and as a result, it became the only owner of construction objects.

The next step in regulating construction activities was the creation of a Committee for Construction Affairs in the USSR SCA. The fundamental tasks of the founded committee on construction affairs were: technical regulation of the construction industry; Management of projects and construction, development of production and estimated programs. However, the construction committee existed for long, transferring its functions of the People's Commissariat in 1939.

The second period from 1941 to 1949, the period of capital construction for the needs of war and restoring destroyed objects. During the Great Patriotic War The main management of the construction of enterprises of mechanical engineering in the USSR SCC, which, together with the drug addict, was organized by capital construction of military factories, enterprises and other structures, had a military destination. Since 1942, recovery work has begun to be released in order to restore objects destroyed during the war. The need to strengthen control from the state of architectural issues led to the creation during the 1942-1943 of the Committee on Architecture Affairs for SCC of the USSR. In terms of its powers in particular, but did not exceptionally belonged to: approval of the construction projects of cities and towns, the development of construction rationing and typical design, management of scientific and educational architectural institutions. In addition, in Kiev, the Office of Architecture Affairs was created and were created local organs Committee. Also in the cities was introduced the position of chief architect of the city. In January 1946, the drug addict was created by the drug addict of the construction of enterprises of the Holy Industry of the USSR, the People's Commissariat for the construction of military and naval enterprises and the addict on the construction of fuel enterprises in March 1946 were transformed into relevant ministries.

The third period from 1949 to 1965 - the further development of bodies government controlled capital construction. On June 1949, the Ministry of Urban Construction was formed, which in fact dubbed the functions of this Committee. In April 1950, the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for Construction Affairs (Gosstroy USSR) was established, which performed the functions of the Union Body on Urban Planning and Industry of Building Materials. Under the USSR, the State Committee for Civil Engineering and Architecture, endowed with the authority to carry out a uniform urban planning policy aimed at the development of cities and towns. In addition, in 1953, the Ministry of Construction of the USSR was formed on the basis of Minutyazbud and the Ministry of Construction of Mechanical Engineering enterprises, which was liquidated on 05/10/1957. The advice of the national economy (sovarnarchosis) was also created, where most of the construction organizations focused on the authority of the Council of Companies, individual authority in the construction of construction was attributed. At the same time, only state-owned architectural and construction controls (GosstroytroTrol), created under the Council of Ministers of the Allied and Autonomous Republies, the executive committers of regional, regional and city councils, were endowed with the functions of state control. Their competence included: issuance of permits for the production of construction work, audit large cities and settlements of urban-type, as well as the performance of control functions for the quality of construction of housing facilities, regardless of their departmental subordination. In 1962, construction organizations were transformed into the main territorial management of the construction, which were subordinate to the Ministry of Construction of the republics. At the same time, only the functions of developers were left behind Radnargospa.

The fourth period is the strengthening of the state management of capital construction and consolidation of the multi-part system of management of the industry held from 1965 to 1985. The law of October 2, 1965, the State Committee for Construction Affairs of the USSR was transformed into the Union-republican government authority. Were allocated in separate systems Construction and production organizations: specialized (on transport, production of building materials, installation and special works) and general (on republican ministries of construction).

In 1967, based on the decree of February 21, 1967, the system of relevant Soviet-Republican ministries of the USSR was founded, which covered the enterprise of the heavy industry, industrial production, rural construction, which were translated into double submission to the Councils of Ministers union republics and the Federal Republican Ministries of the USSR. During this period, ministries were restored, liquidated in previous periods (Minhybud USSR, Minstroy USSR, Ministry of Health). October 17, 1969 The Council of Ministers of the USSR was approved by the Regulation on the Ministry of Construction of the USSR, in the terms of reference of which belonged to: the construction of industrial enterprises, buildings and structures, residential buildings and objects of cultural and domestic purposes, regardless of which sectors of the national economy they were attributed; Control over the implementation of tasks for the commissioning of production facilities and objects.

In July 1978, in accordance with the Decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR of July 12, 1979, Gosstroy USSR was supposed to be responsible for conducting a unified technical policies in construction, improving design and estimate, improving the quality of design; as well as for improving architectural appearance of cities, industrial centers and settlements. Acting in the field of technical regulation, Gosstroy the USSR approved national standards, estimated norms, rules, instructions and other regulations on construction issues, mandatory for all ministries and departments, as well as enterprises and organizations regardless of their subordination. During this period, union-union ministries were created at different times: the Ministry of Construction of the Heavy Industry Enterprises, the Ministry of Industrial Construction, the Ministry of Rural Construction, the Ministry of Electric Power Industries of the USSR, the Ministry of Installation and Special Construction Works, the Ministry of Construction of the Petroleum and Gas Industry enterprises, the Ministry of Construction in areas Far East and Transbaikalia. They were imposed on the management of capital construction in the sectoral orientation or in the relevant territory.

The fifth period of 1985 - 1991 is a period of simplifying the capital construction management system. So, the Ministry of Transport of the USSR, the USSR Ministry of Industry, Minvazhbud, USSR, were eliminated by the USSR Minvazhbud. Gosstroy the USSR was 19.08.1986 to transformed into the State Construction Committee of the USSR, 14.11. A thousand nine hundred and ninety one liquidated.

So, special capital construction management bodies in the USSR shared on the Union-Union, Republican and Union-Republican Construction Ministries. In Ukraine, to the latter, the Ministry of Construction of the Energy Industry of the Ukrainian SSR, the Ministry of Industrial Construction of the Ukrainian SSR, the Ministry of Agriculture of the Ukrainian SSR, the Ministry of Installation and Special Construction Works of the Ukrainian SSR, was treated in various periods of the second half of the twentieth century. Also in Ukraine, republican capital construction management bodies operated: the Ministry of Construction of the Ukrainian SSR, the Ministry of Construction and Operation of the RSFSR Automobile Roads, the Ukrainian Intergreomal Association for Construction. The State Committee of the RSFSR on construction and architecture, which was subordinate to the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR and the State Construction Committee of the USSR and entered the central bodies of the republic's management committee to the construction complex. In accordance with the Regulation on the State Committee of the Ukrainian PCP, approved by the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian PCP in 1987, its main tasks were: organizational and regulatory provision of large town-planning programs, design and estimate, as well as the activities of architecture and urban planning of local councils of people's deputies, development Fundamentals for the formation and functioning of the economic mechanism in capital construction and estimated rationing and pricing, coordination of scientific and technical programs and design and survey work in the field, the organization of quality control, licensing, certification and examination of design, scientific and technical and construction products.

As a consequence of the creation of a specified system of ministries in the eighties of the last century in the USSR, the capital construction management systems that have had several control units have developed. The most simple was the two-born system, when the general-union ministry was the highest authority, and in the republic, the construction ministries of the republic, as well as the main management of regional councils of people's deputies. The primary element was manufacturing construction and installation associations or construction and assembly trusts. In Ukraine, an example of such effective management It was the General Directorate for Housing and Civil Engineering at Kiivmissikonkomi (Glavkiev Mountain), who carried out direct leadership of construction and installation organizations. Kiev, who performed the construction of housing, social and cultural facilities in the capital of the Federal Republic. The three-sided control scheme provided for highest level The management of the Union-Union or Union-Republican Construction Ministry, the Middle Union-Republican Construction Ministry or Territorial Headquarters for Construction or Industrial and Industrial Associations, respectively, the primary link was the production and installation trust or union. For example, MINTHAZHBUD USSR was led by the USSR Minzhbud, and he in turn carried out the leadership of the factory, the latter was led by trusts, core, house-building plant. The most difficult scheme was the Chingyrochlavankov structure. Higher organ There was an allily republican construction ministry, the first middle authority - the republican construction ministry, and the second middle link, subordinate to the first republican construction association, the primary link - production construction and integration.

According to the fair conclusion of A.Ya. Pilipenko, multi-part management systems led to the bulkness of the management apparatus, duplication management solutions and reducing their efficiency and quality. Indeed, such a system of public administration was not allowed to respond promptly to change the situation in the country, introduce new methods and construction technologies. The only leadership of the capital construction industry was absent, as a result of which the construction of homogeneous objects was carried out by various organizations, a significant number of unfinished objects was created.

Important organs, although they did not make direct guidance of capital construction, but performed by the authorities of the economic management, which were carried out by inter-sectoral administration in accordance with the implementation of their functions, was Lamin USSR and Murnan of the Union republics. They were considered and submitted for subsequent approval of the lists and title lists of manufacturing buildings, carried out control over the implementation of the planned documents, carried out coordination functions in the construction sector. The fear of capital construction was that it was conducted on the basis of a five-year plan and compiled on its basis the titular list of construction, which performed the function of the planned task.

So, all overhaul in the Soviet period was carried out with the state of the state, performed the customer, and the performer of such works.

The development of capital construction in the USSR, and, consequently, in Ukraine, as a system that replaced urban planning, was actually begun from the thirties of the last century, when large-scale development projects and reorganization of the Company were implemented on the basis of industrialization and collectivization, which laid the main directions of development of the country's territories , cities, other settlements for a long term. Capital construction was a means of implementing ambitious projects of the Soviet leadership of the country. The large-scale construction of new and restructuring of old cities, with the simultaneous relocation in them a significant number of people, including from rural areas. In 1926, 4500,000 lived in the east of Ukraine. A person, and to the completion of industrialization, about ten years, already more than 15 million people. For the purpose of creating a new military industry in a short time settlements created artificially on a planned basis, eliminated them evolutionary Development. The foundations and restructuring of cities were conducted within the framework of the introduced economic zoning, which was a means of attaching labor resources to the placement and recycling places of minerals, the production of industrial products. That is, the formation, the development of industrial cities occurred on the basis of teams, administrative and legal methods, which ensured the implementation of the main task of socio-economic policy: ensuring the existence of an optimal industrial chain (development of deposits and mining, their processing, production of the necessary industrial goods, ensuring production A sufficient amount of electricity, transportation of raw materials and products). With this approach to ensuring residential, recreational, environmental, aesthetic needs of a person in practice, it was moved into the background, although declared in regulatory legal acts. For example, a joint decree "On the preparation and approval of the projects of planning and socialist reconstruction of cities and other settlements of the PCP Union" dated 06.27.1933, the CEC No. 70 and SCC of the USSR No. 1219215 determined among the basic requirements for project planning projects the possibility of creating the most favorable working conditions and the life of the population and the need to provide for places for the construction of institutions for socio-cultural and domestic services and creating within the settlement, as well as on its periphery of the system related green plantings (cultural and recreation parks, boulevards, squares, etc.) and Security protective zones. The practice of implementing did not always correspond to such declared approaches. In fact, settlements were created with industrial enterprises as an appendage to them, provided them with labor. According to architectural proposals of this year. Strumina, the industrial plant became the center of the city, and united him, and the residential building was subordinate to the needs of industrial construction. So, the city was considered as an economic system that should ensure the growth of industrial production.

In the aesthetic design of cities, his ideological filling, architecture preferably solved party challenges and dealt with architectural issues external view Modern industrial enterprise. In the capital construction of the pond was made to such a kind of construction (new industrial and transport enterprises were actively built), and residential and household spheres were mainly provided by temporary buildings, buildings of a baroque type, at best, municipal apartments. IN last case Basically, several families were resettlement in different rooms of one apartment, which was located in the capital house built mainly to the revolution. As a result, the living conditions in such premises could not satisfactory. A new comfortable accommodation was built only for party, military, economic, scientific elite and was a means of remuneration of valuable and devoted regime of members of the Soviet society.

Although housing construction occurred on the public forms of life, but the relevant service structure was not created or was created in insufficient quantity. Social and cultural construction during this period was carried out in an even smaller scale than residential. Thus, by the middle of the twentieth century in the USSR, the prevailing was the development of such a type of capital construction as industrial, so the task of creation was solved, and in post-war years Restoration of the industrial base of society.

By the middle of the twentieth century, the growth rate of the population of cities continued to grow, and in 1956 the urban population was 48.4 percent of the total population and amounted to about 56100,000. A person, and the number of residential area continued to decrease as due to the fact that during the Second World War In the European territory of the USSR, a significant number of living space was destroyed (70 million square meters. m.) and the continuation of the resettlement from rural areas to the city, the growth of the existing imbalance between industrial and housing construction. The issue of providing the population was so catastrophic that even in the joint decision of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the CFS of the USSR dated July 31, 1957 "On the development of housing construction in the USSR" stated: "The problem of providing housing is still continuing to remain one of the most sharp." With the adoption of the specified regulatory act, the deployment of mass housing capital construction on an industrial basis was held, as a result of which there was a significant increase in housing in the shortest possible time, made it possible to cross the millions from the barracks and utilities. When conducting housing policies of this period, a positive priority was laid and for the further long-term perspective, on which each soviet family had to be provided with a separate apartment.

The transition to the introduction of new methods of capital construction of housing was possible as a result of a predetermined work on the creation of an appropriate industrial base in the form of construction, construction and installation enterprises and house-building combines, specialized in large-pointed construction. The legal basis for this was the joint decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the SM of the USSR of August 19, 1954 "On the development of the production of precast concrete products for construction".

At the same time, negative phenomena occurred in urban planning. Among the many methods of industrial methods of capital construction of housing, only one - large-born, and later large-pasted assembly production, which building was created at the factory in accordance with a single typical project, and on the ground it took place its assembly. This has reduced the cost of production and accelerated its deadlines, but led to the uniformity of urban development, which determines the basis of the city's architectural environment, monotony and the actual lack of an individual type of many areas and the cities of the USSR and Ukraine in particular. Typical projects provided for the minimum set of amenities in the apartment, because they were focused primarily to reduce the cost of construction, which allowed the minimum amount of money to build as much as possible a large number of Residential area. Hence, the absence in such a project of the house of elevators, utility rooms, the presence of a mixed bathroom, passing rooms, is a small area of \u200b\u200bthe corridor and kitchen and is generally extremely comfortable.

The base element in the design of the construction of the territories was the neighborhood, where the need to ensure beauty in the visuality of the perception of the artificial medium was ignored, a large density of development was introduced and low degree Landscaping, parking spaces practically did not envisage. Organic distinction between private and public territory was destroyed through a wide introduction of passing yards. Architectural solutions Submitted to the task of construction production, was introduced into practice not difficult in production and similar engineering solutions. Cities developed by the so-called architectural minimalism, since the main thing was to relieve the acute problem of ensuring soviet people housing. Thus, in the formation of a residential environment of cities and settlements, priority was given not qualitative, but quantitative indicators.

Industrial capital construction was characterized by the construction of mechanical engineering, metallurgical, oil refining, chemical and energy industries. Widespread plants for the production of concrete and other building materials. Ukraine was considered a priority region for capital construction. New power plants (Voroshilovgradskaya, Dneprodzerzhinsk, Kakhovskaya, Kremenchug, Mironovskaya, Pridneprovskaya, Simferopol, Slavyanskaya, Slavyanskaya, New Mine in Donbass and Lviv, Slavyanskaya, South Mine-Processing Plant and Central Mountain Reconstruction were held were built. on Krivorozhstal. In the chemical industry, 35 new plants were built and in particular Rydolsky Mountain Chemical Combine, Dnipropetrovsk Tire Plant, Cherkasy and Chernihiv Chemical Plants. Engineering and aircraft industry developed. In the food and light industry, also an accelerated pace conducted capital construction compared with other regions of the USSR, although it should be noted that imported equipment from CEA countries was mainly applied.

The second half of the twentieth century in the USSR is characterized by an increase in the number of urban residents and in early 1970 exceeded Europe in such indicators and inferior only by the United States and Japan. In the field of housing construction in Ukraine at that time, previously laid approaches were developed, and although housing was built over a large number typical projectsHis convenience has grown (elevators, garbage disposal appeared, the area of \u200b\u200bthe kitchen, the corridor, was built, the saturation premises were built, the resolution of the bathroom was built) a holistic approach to the development of territories from the position of environmental friendliness, comfort, the constancy of development was not provided. The neighborhoods in the cities continued to build without separation of public and private territories with passing yards, without taking into account the need to zoning the territory of the quarter.

Construction continued to grow. In the seventies, Zaporizhva, Uphorskaya, Krivozhskaya, Pridneprovskaya, Burshtynskaya GRES, were built in the seventieth years, as a result of the work on capital construction, Zaporizhzhskaya, the Burshtynskaya GRES, the Efremovsky gas pipelines were built - Kiev - Kamenna-Bugskaya, Shebelinka - Slavyansk, Dikanka - Krivoy Rog. By the middle of this decade, 26 new oil and gas fields were enacted. At the Dnipropetrovsk Metallurgical Plant as a result of major reconstruction into operation, a unique condition for rolling the carriage axes with the original method. "Ingulzky Mining and Obmitting Combine" and "Northern Mining and Gruise Combine" were built and began to work.

Although theoretical developments on urban planning activities were carried out in this period, but little was introduced into the practical plane. Regulatory acts did not use the specified category at all. As a result of such a state policy, an overload of the territory of the Ukrainian SSRs with a large number of industrial enterprises has occurred. As a result, a technogenic burden has increased in nature, which is 6-7 times an union level exceeded. In the atmosphere and reservoirs, more than 10 million from the reservoirs were emitted annually. Most of the city as Donetsk, Zaporizhia, Kramatorsk, Krivoy Rog, Mariupol, Kharkov suffered. On the other hand, a large number of capital investments in the construction industry was not mastered and as a result of accumulated problems in the economy and the construction complex in particular, the number of unfinished objects increased significantly.

Thus, it can be stated that in the USSR, priority was given only to the development of capital construction, which is composite urban planning activities, in the separation from its other components. Even in the regulatory legal acts of that era, duration of urban planning was not used, in contrast to the category of capital construction.

The deadline for urban planning began to be used in the legislation during the USSR, only in the late eighties of the last century, after the adoption of the joint decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated September 19, 1987 No. 1058 " further development Soviet architecture and urban planning ", as well as Decisions of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated December 25, 1987 No. 513 with a similar name. Although they did not contain definitions on urban planning, they had an attempt to create a legal basis for streamlining this complex type of economic activity. Before adoption The legislation of the Soviet period in matters of creating an artificial human activity, stimulation, organization and control over it mainly operated on categories capital construction and architectural activities. It was explained by the level of development of society, the economy and tasks that were solved at certain stages of the country's life . Capital construction effectively provided the creation of an industrial base and intensive development of the territories, the restoration of the national economy after the end of World War II, providing housing for wide sections of the population in the middle of the last century. At the same time, To create an effective human environment, although they were recognized as necessary in regulatory acts and software party documents of the time, in practice remained mainly formal and implemented not significant. Integrated and harmonious development of three social components of the human life environment: labor, housing, rest, as well as ensuring the sustainable development of cities possible in the framework of the implementation of such economic activity as a town-planning. Only with the beginning of the restructuring began to transition from the priority of meeting the interests of the state to the interests of a person, and therefore, and begins to regulate in regulatory acts of urban planning activities.

Hello everybody! The story "Werewind of Hope" about my dream to go to the first office trip to Vietnam and what it all ended.

1. How we helped Vietnam

In 1982, after the army, I went to work at the "Glavazagranstroy" Minister of Construction of the USSR for the position of leading specialist in the construction department in Vietnam. I was instructed to preparing the construction of a technical center for the repair and operation of building machines and mechanisms supplied from the USSR.

5. Technological center in Hanoi

But back to the technical center. By the time of my arrival in the master office, the Vietnamese investigated the platform under construction in Hanoi. Our designers have developed a project. But the case never moved from the dead point.

In this case, two more significant reasons have been added to all of the circumstances:

1) The USSR government for some reason commissioned the role of the Customer to the Ministry of Foreign Trade (MW), and not the State Committee on Foreign Economic Relations (SCES), which had experience in construction abroad.

2) MW, who worked on the primitive scheme K. Marx: "Product-Money-Product", did not have any strength, nor the desire to solve the new challenges fell on him. As far as construction is more complicated by simple purchase - sales explain, I think it is not necessary. One nomenclature of materials and equipment of which cost: from nail to the tower crane.

And shots? And all that is associated with the livelihood and organization of people's labor? And transport? For the MW, their union "Soyuzveneshstroyimport" was fade, which was at the address of Tver Boulevard, D.6.