Describe Algeria according to the plan description plan. North Africa countries

For the first time expressed the idea of \u200b\u200bthe existence of natural complexes.

Awards and Prizes:

A family

Berg is a classic world ichthyology . It describes the fish fauna of many rivers and lakes, proposed "systems of fish and fishery, now living and fossil." He is the author of the capital labor "Fish freshwater USSR and neighboring countries. "

Berg's contribution to the history of science is significant. This topic is devoted to his books about the opening Kamchatka , expeditions V. Bering , theories of drift of the mainland E. Bykhanova , the history of Russian discoveries in Antarctica , activity Russian geographical society etc.

Repression

L. S. Berg was subjected to public accusations for the 1921 article and theory nomogenesis at a meeting on March 19 1931. in Leningrad University . His critics was concluded:

Berg showed a complete inability to understand reality, he showed full reluctance to abandon its objectively completely harmful theoretical installations. He did not speak like prof. Furniture with frank and honest recognition of his delusions and mistakes.

Awards, Prize and Honoring

• 2 ordena of the Red Banner (10.06.1945; 1946)
• medals
• Stalin's first degree bonus (1951, posthumously) - for treatise "Fish of freshwater of the USSR and adjacent countries" (1948-1949)

• 1909 - Golden medal named P. P. Semenova-Tyan-Shanskaya RGO For work in Aral Sea.
• 1910 - Prize them. Akhmatova for the composition of the "Fish of the pool of Amur"
• 1915 - Konstantinovskaya Medal From RG, elected a member MOE
• 1936 - Gold Medal of the Asian Society of India for Zoological Studies in Asia

Main works

Only the most basic works are listed here. For a complete bibliography, see the book of V. M. Perepakhova.

• 1905. Fish of Turkestan // Izvestia Turk. Departure RGU, t. 4. 16 + 261 p.
• 1908. Aral Sea: experience of physico-geographical monograph // News of the Turk. Departure RGU, t. 5. 9. 24 + 580 s.
• 1912. Fish (Marsipobranchii and Pisces). Fauna of Russia and neighboring countries. T. 3, Vol. 1. SPb. 336 p.
• 1913. Experience in the division of Siberia and Turkestan on landscape and morphological areas in the book: "Collection in honor of the 70th anniversary D. N. Anunui", M., 1913
• 1914. Fish (Marsipobranchii and Pisces). Fauna of Russia and neighboring countries. T. 3, Vol. 2. GG. P. 337-704.
• 1916. Freshwater fish Russian Empire. M. 28 + 563 p.
• 1918. Bessarabia. Country. People. Economy. - Petrograd: Lights, 1918. - 244 p. (The book contains 30 photos and a map)
• 1922. Climate and life. M. 196 p.
• 1922. Nomogenesis, or Evolution based on patterns. - Petersburg: State Publishing House, 1922. - 306 p.
• 1929. Essays of the story of Russian geographic science (Until 1923). - L.: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, State. a type. them. EVG. Sokolova, 1929. - 152, p. - (Proceedings of the Commission on the History of Knowledge / Academy of Sciences of the USSR; 4). - 1,000 copies.
• 1931. The landscape-geographical zones of the USSR. M.-L.: Agriculture. Part 1 401 p.
• 1940. The system of fishery and fish, now living and fossil. In KN. Tr. Zool. In-Ta Academy of Scroll, t. 5, no. 2. P. 85-517.
• 1946. Opening of Kamchatka and Bering Expedition. M.-L.: Academy of Sciences of the USSR. The preface of the author - from January 1942, circulation 5000, 379 p.
• 1946. Essays on the history of Russian geographic discoveries. M.-L., 1946, 2 ed. 1949.
• 1947. Lomonosov and the hypothesis of moving continents // News of the All-Union Geographical Society. - M.: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1947. - T. No. 1. - P. 91-92. - 2000 copies.
• 1977. (posthumously). Proceedings on the theory of evolution, 1922-1930. L. 387 p.

Addresses in Petrograd - Leningrad

Memory

• The name of L. S. Berg named: Volcano on island Urup , peak on Pamir , Cape B. island of the October Revolution (Northern Earth), glacier on the Pamir, glacier and vertex on the Dzhungarian Alatau..

• His name entered the Latin names of more than 60 and animals and plants, for example, in his honor is called deep-water skate.

• February 28, 1996 in bender One of the streets of the city of the city - Borisovka - was named Berg's name.

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Notes

Literature

• Murzaev E. M. Lion Semenovich Berg (1876-1950). Series: Scientific and biographical literature. - M.: Science, 1983. - 176 p.
• Board V. M. Lion Semenovich Berg (1876-1950). // Materials for the biobibibiography of scientists of the USSR. Ser. geogr. science Vol. 2. - m., 1952. - 145 p.
• Volkov V. A., Kulikova M. V. Moscow professors of the XVIII - early XX centuries. Natural and technical sciences. - m.: Janus-K; Moscow textbooks and cartolithography, 2003. - P. 29-30. - 294 p. - 2,000 copies. - ISBN 5-8037-0164-5.

Links

• // Irkipedia
• - ENEWS.
• Ian Smalley, Slobodan Markovic, Ken O'hara-Dhand, Peter Wynn: Geologos, 16 (2): 111-119, 2010

Predecessor: academician Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov

5th President of the Russian Geographical Society -

Successor: academician Evgeny Nikanovich Pavlovsky

Members founders Patrons Chairs (Presidents) Honorary Chairs (Honorary Presidents) Edition Society Awards Society see also articles

Excerpt characterizing Berg, Lev Semenovich

"And Chort brought them! - he thought while Tikhon covered his dry shirt, an older body, brought gray hair. - I did not call them. We arrived upset my life. And a little left. "
- To Chort! - He said at the time he was still covered with a shirt.
Tikhon knew the habit of the prince sometimes to express his thoughts aloud, and therefore he met an inquiringly angry face of the face that appeared from under the shirt.
- Loild? - asked the prince.
Tikhon, like all the good lackers, knew a little direction of the Barin's thoughts. He guessed that they asked about Prince Vasill with her son.
- They were expected to lie down and the fire was extinguished, your shyness.
"Not for what, not for what ..." - quickly said the prince and, having shut down his legs and his hands in a bathrobe, went to the sofa on which he slept.
Despite the fact that nothing was said between Anatola and M Lle Bourienne, they completely understood each other against the first part of the novel, before the appearance of Pauvre Mere, they realized that they needed to say a lot to each other secretly, and therefore in the morning they were looking for a case in the morning Seen alone. While Princess passed on an ordinary hour to his father, M Lle Bourienne agreed with Anatola in the Winter Garden.
Princess Marya approached this day with a special trepid to the cabinet door. It seemed to her that not only everyone knows that this is the decision of her fate, but what she knows what she thinks about it. She read this expression in the face of Tikhon and in the face of Vince Vince Vasilla, who met with hot water in the corridor and lowered her low.
The old prince in this morning was extremely affectionate and diligently in his daughter handling. This expression of diligence knew the princess of Marya well. It was the expression that happened on his face in those minutes when dry hands were compressed in a fist from the annoyance for the fact that Princess Mary did not understand the arithmetic task, and he, getting up, left her and a quiet voice repeated several times alone and The same words.
He immediately began the matter and began the conversation, saying "you".
"I did the proposition about you," he said, smiling unnaturally. "You, I think, guessed," he continued, "that Prince Vasily came here and brought with him his pupil (for some reason, Prince Nikolai Andreich called Anatoly by the pupil) not for my beautiful eyes. I made the proposition yesterday about you. And since you know my rules, I treated you.
- How do I understand you, MON PERE? - Spearled Princess, Palenaya and Red.
- How to understand! - the father shouted angrily. "Prince Vasily finds you to your taste for daughter-in-law and makes you a proposition for his pupil." That's how to understand. How to understand ?! ... and I ask you.
"I don't know how you, Mon Pere," the princess spoke.
- I? I? What am I then? Leave me aside. I will not get married. What do you? This is desirable to know.
Princess saw that his father was unfairfully looked at this case, but she had the idea that now or would never solve the fate of her life. She lowered his eyes to not see her eyes, under the influence of which she felt that he could not think, and could only obey, and said:
- I wish only one thing - to fulfill your will, "she said," but if my desire had to be expressed ...
She did not have time to finish. Prince interrupted it.
"And fine," he shouted. "He will take you with the dodged, by the way will capture M Lle Bourienne." That will be a wife, and you ...
Prince stopped. He noticed the impression produced by these words on the daughter. She lowered her head and was going to cry.
"Well, well, kidding, kidding," he said. - Remember one, Princess: I hold down those rules that the girl has the full right to choose. And I give you freedom. Remember one thing: the happiness of your life depends on your solution. I have nothing to talk about.
- Yes, I do not know ... Mon Pere.
- nothing to talk! He is told, he is not only on you, who wants to marry; And you are free to choose ... Come to ourselves, think about it and in an hour come to me and tell me if it is: yes or no. I know you will pray. Well, perhaps, pray. Just think better. Stay. Yes, or not, yes or no, yes or no! He shouted while the princess, as in the fog, staggering, was already out of the office.
Fate decided and decided happily. But that his father said about M Lle Bourienne, - this hint was terrible. It is not true, let's notify, but still it was terrible, she could not not think about it. She went straight in front of him through a winter garden, not seeing anything and no hear, as suddenly familiar shopot M Lle Bourienne woke her. She raised her eyes and saw Anatol from himself in two steps away, who hugged the Frenchwoman and whispered something to her. Anatol with a terrible expression on a beautiful face looked at the princess Marjo and did not release the Mal Lle Bourienne in the first second, who did not see her.
"Who is here? What for? Wait!" As if the face of Anatoly said. Princess Marya silently looked at them. She could not understand it. Finally, M Lle Bourienne screamed and ran away, and Anatol with a cheerful smile bowed to the princess Marya, as if inviting her to laugh at this strange case, and, shrugged, went on the door he was on his half.
An hour later, Tikhon came to call the princess to Mary. He called her to the prince and added as Prince Vasily Sergeich there. Princess, while Tikhon came, sat on the sofa in his room and kept the crying M Lla Bourienne in his arms. Princess Marya quietly stroked her head. Beautiful eyes are printed, with all their former calm and radiance, looked with tender love and regret with a pretty face M Lle Bourienne.
- Non, Princesse, Je Suis Perdue Pour Toujours Dans Votre Coeur, [No, Princess, I have fallen your location,] - spoke M Lle Bourienne.
- Pourquoi? Je Vous Aime Plus, Que Jamais, "said Princess Marya, - Et Je Tacherai De Faire Tout Ce Qui Est En Mon Pouvoir Pour Votre Bonheur. [Why? I love you more than ever, and I will try to do everything for your happiness, everything in my power.]
- Mais Vous Me MEPRISEZ, Vous Si Pure, Vous Ne Comprendrez Jamais Cet Egarement De La Passion. AH, CE N "EST QUE MA PAUVRE MERE ... [But you are so clean, you despise me; You will never understand this passion passion. Ah, my poor mother ...]
"Je Comprends Tout, [I understand everything," answered Princess Marya, smiling sadly. - Calm down, my friend. I will go to my father, she said and came out.
Prince of Vasily, bending a high leg, with a tobacco car in his hands and, as it were, diluted, as if sorry and laughing at his sensitivity, sat with a smile of lingering on his face when Princess Marya entered. He hastily raised a chinful tobacco to the nose.
- Ah, Ma Bonne, Ma Bonne, [ah, cute, honey.] - He said, getting up and taking her for both hands. He sighed and added: - Le Sort De Mon Fils Est En Vos Mains. Decidez, Ma Bonne, Ma Chere, Ma Douuee Marieie Qui J "Ai Toujours Aimee, Comme Ma Fille. [The fate of my son in your hands. Decide, my dear, my dear, my meek Marie, which I always loved like a daughter. ]
He went out. The actual tear seemed to be in his eyes.
- Fri ... fr ... - Fyrkal Prince Nikolai Andreich.
- Prince on behalf of his pupil ... Son, it makes it proposition. Do you want or not to be the wife of Prince Anatoly Kuragin? You say yes or no! He shouted, "and then I hold the right to say my opinion. Yes, my opinion and only your opinion, "Prince Nikolai Andreich added, turning to the prince Vasill and responding to his begging expression. - Yes or no?
- My desire, Mon Pere, never leave you, never to share your life with yours. I do not want to marry, "she said decisively, looking at his beautiful eyes to Prince Vasilla and his father.
- nonsense, stupidity! Nonsense, nonsense, nonsense! - Frowning, shouted the prince of Nikolai Andreich, took the daughter for his hand, burned to himself and did not kiss, but only squeezed his forehead to her forehead, he touched her and squeezed his hand that he kept that she frowned and screamed.
Prince Vasily stood up.
- Ma Chere, Je Vous Dirai, Que C "EST Un Moment Que Je N" Oublrai Jamais, Jamais; MAIS, MA BONNE, EST CE QUE VOUS NE NOUUS DONNEREZ PAS UN PEU D "ESPERANCE DEUCHER CE COEUR SI BON, SI GENEREUX. DITES, QUE PEUT ETRE ... L" AVENIR EST SI GRAND. Dites: PEUT ETRE. [My dear, I will tell you that I will never forget this minute, but, my kindest, give us at least a little hope to touch this heart, so kind and generous. Tell me: Maybe ... Future is so great. Tell me: Maybe.]
- Prince, what I said is everything that is in my heart. I thank you for honor, but I will never be my son's wife.
- Well, and over, my dear. I am very glad to see you, very happy to see you. Come to yourself, Princess, appear, - spoke old prince. "Very, very glad to see you," he repeated, hugging Prince Vasilla.
"My calling is different," said the princess Marya, my vocation is to be happy to be happy with the happiness, the happiness of love and self-sacrifice. And whatever it cost me, I will make the poor AME. She loves him so passionately. She is so passionately repent. I will do everything to arrange her marriage with him. If he is not rich, I will give her tools, I will ask my father, I will ask Andrey. I will be happy when she is his wife. She is so unhappy, someone else's, lonely, without help! And my God, how passionately she loves, if she could forget himself. Maybe I would do the same! ... "Thought Princess Marya.

Long Rostov did not have news of Nichochka; Only in the middle of winter, the Count was transferred to the letter, at the address of which he learned the hand of his son. Having received a letter, the count is frightened and hastily, trying not to be seen, on tiptoe, ran into his office, locked and began to read. Anna Mikhailovna, having learned (as she knew everything, what was done in the house) about receiving a letter, a quiet step entered the count and found him with a letter in his hands with a shy and laughing together. Anna Mikhailovna, despite the corrected affairs, continued to live in growth.
- MON BON AMI? - Anna Mikhailovna said in question, and readily said any participation.
Count buried even more. "Nichoshka ... Letter ... wounded ... ... Was ... Ma Chered ... wounded ... My darling ... Shtynushka ... In the officers produced ... Thank God ... Shtynushka how to say? ..."
Anna Mikhailovna hooked to him, his tears with his eye with his eye, from writing, and her tears, read the letter, reassured the count and decided that she would prepare countess before dinner, and after tea I will announce everything, if God She will help her.
All the time Dinner Anna Mikhailovna spoke about rumors of war, about Nichochka; asked twice when it was obtained last letter From him, although he knew it before, and noticed that it was very easy, maybe now the letter will turn out. Whenever with these hints, the Countess began to worry and alarmingly look at the graph, then Anna Mikhailovna, Anna Mikhailovna, has reduced the conversation to minor items. Natasha, from the entire family of more than one and the ability to feel the shades of intonations, views and expressions of individuals, since the beginning of lunch alerted ears and knew that something was between her father and Anna Mikhailovna and something relating to his brother, and that Anna Mikhailovna prepares. Despite all his courage (Natasha knew how her mother was sensitive to everything that it concerned about the news of Nichochka), she did not decide to make a question for lunch and did not eat anything on the dinner and drove out on a chair, not listening to the comments of his governess. After lunch, she strive to catch up with Anna Mikhailovna and in a sofa rushed to her neck.
- Auntka, Golubushka, tell me what?
- Nothing, my friend.
- No, dumb, darling, cute, peach, I'm not detached, I know what you know.
Anna Mikhailovna shook her head.
- Voua Etes Une Fine Mouche, Mon Enfant, [You are Vostushka, my child.] - she said.
- From Nicholenka letter? Probably! Natasha screamed, reading the affirmative response in the face of Anna Mikhailovna.
"But for God's sake, be careful: you know how it can hit your Maman."
- I will, I will, but tell. Do not tell? Well, so I'll go now I will say.
Anna Mikhailovna B. short words Natasha told the content of the letter with the condition not to say anyone.
Honest, noble word, - Pricing, Natasha spoke, - I won't tell anyone, - and immediately ran to Sona.
"Nicholya ..." wounded ... Letter ... "She said solemnly and joyfully.
- Nicolas! - just said Sonya, instantly palena.
Natasha, having seen the impression made at Sonya News of Brother's Wound, for the first time I felt the whole sad side of this news.
She rushed to Sona, hugged her and sharpened. - a little wounded, but produced in officers; He is now healthy, he himself writes, "she said through tears.
- Here is clear that all of you, women, - Plaks, "Petya said, taking a decisive big steps by taking a room. "I'm so very happy and, right, very glad that my brother distinguished himself." All you nurses! do not understand anything. - Natasha smiled through tears.
- You did not read letters? - Sonya asked.
- I did not read, but she said that everything went, and that he was already an officer ...
"Thank God," Sonya said, hiding. "But maybe she deceived you." Let's go to Maman.
Petya silently walked around the room.
- I was in the place of Nichushka, I would kill even more of these French, "he said," they are frozen! " I would beat them so much that I would have done a bunch of them, "Peter continued.
- Silent, Petya, what a fool you are! ...
"I'm not a fool, and the fools are those who cry from trifles," Petya said.
- Do you remember him? - After a minute silence suddenly asked Natasha. Sonya smiled: "I remember Nicolas?"
- No, Sonya, do you remember him so much to remember to remember everything, "Natasha said with a diligent gesture, apparently, wanting to give his words the most serious meaning. "And I remember Nicholya, I remember," she said. - And Boris do not remember. I do not remember at all ...
- How? Do not remember Boris? Sonya asked with surprise.
"Not I don't remember," I know what he he, but not so I remember how Nikolyku. " His, I'll close my eyes and remember, but Boris is not (she closed her eyes), so, no - nothing!
"Ah, Natasha," Sonya said, enthusiastically and seriously looking at his girlfriend, as if she considered her unworthy to hear what she intended to say, and as if she had said this to someone else, who could not be joking. - I loved your brother once, and no matter what happens to him, with me, I will never stop loving him for life.

The scientific interests of Leo Semenovich Berg were unusually wide. Berg created new geography: It is difficult to call any of the physico-geographical disciplines, the most important questions which did not receive deep and original development in his writings.

Lev Semenovich (Simonovich) Berg was born on March 2, 1876 in Bendars Bendars Bondarasarabian province in the family of the Notary. His father, Simon Grigorievich Berg (originally from Odessa), was a notary; Mother, Clara Lvovna Bernstein Cogan, - housewife. He had younger sisters Maria (April 18, 1878) and Sofia (December 23, 1879). The family lived in the house on Moscow Street.

Already during the period of study in the gymnasium (Chisinau, 1885-1894) Lev Semenovich became interested independent study Nature. In 1894, he entered Moscow University, where in addition to her studies performed a series of experiments on fish breeding. The graduation work on the embryology of Pikes became the sixth printed operation of a young scientist. After graduating from the Gold Medal of the University (1898), Lev Semenovich worked at the Ministry of Agriculture by an inspector of fisheries in the Aral Sea and Volga, explored steppe lakes, rivers, deserts.

In 1902-1903, Lev Berg continues to education in Bergen (Norway), and then in 1904-1913 he has been working at the Academy of Sciences Zoological Museum. Per master's dissertation "Aral Sea", prepared in 1908, hp Berg was awarded a doctoral degree.

In 1913, L.S. Berg moves to Moscow, where he receives a place of professor at the Moscow Agricultural Institute. In 1916, he was invited to the Department of Physical Geography of the Petrograd University, where he worked until the end of his life.

In the period 1909-1916. L.B. Berg issued 5 monographs on the yield of the reservoirs of Russia, but the main subject of his scientific interests Physical geography becomes. Lev Semenovich created the theory of the descent of the lessen, offered the first classification natural zones Asian part of Russia.

An outstanding Russian scientist-encyclopedist belongs about 1000 works in different areas Land Sciences, such as climatology, biology, zoology, ichthyology, zogeography, surveying, theory of evolution, landscape teaching, geomorphology, cartography, geobotanic, paleogeography, paleontology, economical geography, soil science, ethnography, linguistics, science history. Full list LUCK LEADS Berg until 1952 is inclusive published in the book "Memory of Academician L.S. Berg.

In climatology hp Berg gave climate classification in relationships with landscapes, explained the desertification of the human activity, and the olelion is "cosmic order factors". In Zoogeography Berg offered the original mechanisms for the spread of fish and other aquatic animals. In particular, Lev Semenovich showed the local origin of the fauna of Baikal, and the formation of a diversity of the fauna of the Caspian Sea, on the contrary, explained to the migration of species along the Volga in the postlegory period.

In 1922, in the most severe conditions of military communism, "Heated freezing ink on the fire of Koptilka", L.S. Berg prepared a number of works on the theory of evolution, in which in elegant controversy with the conclusions of Ch. Darwin, he put forward the evolutionary concept of nomogenesis (evolution based on patterns). Apolitical LS Berg based on a colossal empirical material rejected the role of the struggle for the existence as a factor of evolution, both in nature and in human society.

Theory of Evolution L.S. Berg was subjected to constructive criticism Modern scientists (A. A. Lyubshchev, D. N. Sobolev, etc.), and cruel ideological pressure on the part of the dogmatic political system, especially after the publication in 1926, the book "Nomogenesis" in English.

January 14, 1928 LS Berg was elected by a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences on the biological discharge of the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, and on November 30, 1946 - Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences at the Department of Geological and Geographical (for specialization Zoology, Geography). Historical works L.S. Berg is devoted to a detailed description of domestic discoveries in Asia, in Alaska and in Antarctic, the study of the ancient maps, culture and ethnography of small peoples, the preparation of biographical descriptions of famous scientists. L.S. Berg on the basis of the analysis of original documents consistently defended the priority of Russian researchers in the opening of Antarctica and indicated the need for integrated research of the ice continent. Ideas I. historical approach L.S. Berg contributed to the development of the national position in the field of the development of Antarctic.

In the period 1940-1950 L.S. Berg was president of the Geographical Society of the USSR.

The first wife of L. S. Berg (in 1911-1913) - Paulina Adolfovna Collker (March 27, 1881-1943), the younger sister of the famous publisher B. A. Katovker. Children - Geographer Simon Lvovich Berg (1912, St. Petersburg - November 17, 1970) and genetics, writer, doctor of biological sciences Raisa Lvovna Berg (March 27, 1913 - March 1, 2006). In 1922, L. S. Berg re-married the teacher of Petrograd pedagogical Institute Mary Mikhailovna Ivanova.

Lev Semenovich Berg died on December 24, 1950 in Leningrad and was buried on the literary walkways of the Volkovsky cemetery. In 1951 by L.S. Berg was awarded the USSR State Prize (posthumously) for the classic three-volume member on the ichthyology (1949).

Name L.S. Berg named:

• Mountains of Leo Berg (67 ° 42 'Yu.Sh., 48 ° 55' V.D. 14 miles south of the Cape of the Bourromesky, Peninsula Krylov) - Mountains on the banks of George V, Land Victoria, East Antarctica. Named in 1959;
• cape Berg - Cape in the north of the island October revolution Archipelago Northern Earth. Named in 1913;
• cape Berg - Cape on the island of George Earth, the archipelago of Franz Joseph. Named in 1953;
• berg Peak and Berg Glacier on the Pamir;
• berg volcano on the island of ITUP;
• scientific research vessel "Academician Berg".

His name entered the Latin names of more than 60s and animals and plants, for example, in his honor there is a deep-water skate.

The city of Bendera is the birthplace of the Soviet scientific and encyclopedist, physico-geographer and biologist Lev Semenovich Berg. In 1959, a widow of the late scientist came to Bender, Maria Mikhailovna Ivanova. She found and pointed to the city authorities a house where Berg was born. Then the memorial plaque appeared on the house, which is located on the street. Moscow.

February 28, 1996, in Bender, one of the streets of the city of Borisovka - was named Berg's name. On February 22, 2005, the Ministry of Justice of the PMR, the public educational fund of them was registered in the city of Bender. Academician L. S. Berg. The administration and residents of the city expressed the desire to organize a museum in the house of Berg, but two families live in this house, which, for this, it is necessary to provide other housing. Therefore, at the moment, the question of creating the museum them. Berg remains unresolved.

(14 March 1876, Bender of the Bessarabsk Province of the Russian Empire (now the Republic of Moldova) - December 24, 1950) - the largest Russian Soviet scientist, geographer and biologist (ichthyologist), doctor of geographical and doctor of biological sciences, academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, President of the Geographical Society USSR (1940-1950), Honored Worker of Science of the RSFSR, Winner of the USSR State Prize, researcher.

L.S. Berg: Biographical Help

Born in the family of Notary Simon Grigorievich Berg and his wife Clara Lvovna Bernstein Cogan. In 1885 he entered the 2nd Chisinau classical gymnasium, which he graduated with a gold medal in 1894. In the period of studying in the gymnasium, he became interested in independent study of nature.

Higher education received on the natural branch of the Physical and Mathematics Faculty of Moscow University, where he entered in 1894 in the same year he was baptized into Lutherancy to obtain the right to higher education Within the Russian Empire. During the student period, I performed a series of fish breeding experiments. The graduation work on the embryology of Pikes became the sixth printed operation of a young scientist. After graduating from the Gold Medal of the University (1898), Lev Semenovich until 1905 worked at the Ministry of Agriculture by an inspector of fisheries in the Aral Sea and the Middle Volga, explored steppe lakes, rivers, deserts.

In 1902-1903, Education continued in Bergen (Norway), and then in 1904-1913 he worked at the Zoological Museum of the Academy of Sciences.

For the master's thesis "Aral Sea", prepared in 1908, L.S. Berg was awarded academic degree Dr. Geography.

In 1913 hp Berg moved to Moscow, where he received a place of professor in the Moscow Agricultural Institute. In 1916, he was invited to the Department of Physical Geography of the Petrograd University, where he worked until the end of his life.

In the period 1909-1916 L. Berg issued five monographs on the ichthyology of Russia's reservoirs, but physical geography became the main subject of his scientific interests.

Lev Semenovich created the theory of origin of the lesse, proposed the first classification of the natural zones of the Asian part of Russia.

After the election of the Department of Geography of Petrograd University, he in 1917 finally moved to Petrograd. Participated in the creation of senior geographical courses, and then a geographical institution. In 1925, the Institute is converted to the first Geographical Faculty in the country and is part of the University of Leningrad. L.S. Berg headed the Department of Physical Geography and led it to the end of his life.

January 14, 1928 hp Berg was elected by a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences on the biological discharge of the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, and on November 30, 1946 - Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences at the Department of Geological and Geographicals (according to the specialization "Zoology, Geography"). It is assumed that the election of 1928 was authorized by the authorities under the condition of L.S. Berg from further work on the theory and mechanisms of evolution of species in nature.

In 1934, Lev Semenovich Berg awarded a scientific degree of Dr. Zoology. In the same year, he was awarded the title of Honored Worker of Science of the RSFSR.

In parallel with work in geographical organizations He headed the department of applied ichthyology in State Institute experimental agronomy (1922-1934), ichthiology laboratory at the Zoological Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1934-1950).

In the period 1940-1950 hp Berg - President of the Geographical Society of the USSR.

L.S. Berg is an honorary member of many scientific associations: the geographical societies of the USSR, Poland, Bulgaria, the United States, the Moscow Society of Nature Tests, the American Society of Ithriologists and Herrenologists. He is a valid member of the London Zoological Society, an active member of the editorial board of the magazine "Nature", "News" and "Notes of the All-Union Geographical Society", "News of the State Hydrological Institute".

L.S. Berg: Research

An outstanding Russian scientist-encyclopedist hp Berg belongs to about 1000 works in various fields of earth sciences, such as climatology, biology, zoology, ichthyology, zogeography, surveying, theory of evolution, landscape teachings, geomorphology, cartography, geobotanic, paleogeography, paleontology, economic geography, soil science, ethnography, Linguistics, history of science.

In climatology hp Berg gave climates classification in relationships with landscapes, explained the desertification of human activity, and the olelion is "cosmic order factors." In Zoogeography Berg offered the original mechanisms for the spread of fish and other aquatic animals. In particular, in 1906, he published articles on the ichthyology of Lakes Kosnogol (now Hubsugul) and Baikal, where he drew attention to the identity of the species composition of the ichthyofauna of these lakes and noted the complete absence in the fauna of the Kozozol of fish-podcatars characteristic of Baikal. He developed one of the leading concepts of the origin of the fauna. Berg thoroughly and convincingly proved the freshwater origin of the bulk of Baikal animals. In the work "Baikal, his nature and the origin of him organic World"He wrote:" The unit species of the Baikal fauna are scattered sporadically for individual water bodies of Europe, Siberia, siberian Arctic, China, North America. In these forms are collected together in large quantities" On the basis of faunistic analysis, the scientist concluded about the ancient of the Baikal organic world, its continental origin. It was noted that the amazing endemism of the fauna of Baikal is the consequence of his antiquity. Wrote 15 works on Baikal.

In 1922 in the most difficult conditions of military communism, L.S. Berg prepared a number of works on the theory of evolution, in which in elegant controversy with the conclusions of Ch. Darwin, he put forward the evolutionary concept of nomogenesis (evolution based on patterns). Apolitical LS Berg based on a colossal empirical material rejected the role of the struggle for the existence as a factor of evolution, both in nature and in human society. Theory of Evolution L.S. Berg was subjected to both the constructive criticism of modern scientists (A.A. Lyubshchev, D.N. Sobolev, etc.) and cruel ideological pressure on the part of the dogmatic political system, especially after the publication in 1926 the book "Nomogenesis" in English.

Historical works L.S. Berg is devoted to a detailed description of domestic discoveries in Asia, in Alaska and in Antarctic, the study of the ancient maps, culture and ethnography of small peoples, the preparation of biographical descriptions of famous scientists.

L.S. Berg on the basis of the analysis of original documents consistently defended the priority of Russian researchers in the opening of Antarctica and indicated the need for integrated research of the ice continent. Ideas and historical approach L.S. Berg contributed to the development of the national position in the field of the development of Antarctic.

The name of Leo Semenovich Berg is named: Street in Bender, Volcano on the island of Mr., Peak on the Pamirs, Cape on the island of North Earth, glaciers on the Pamir and Dzhungarian Alatau. Berg's name entered the Latin names of more than 60 animals and plants.

Awards

Research and social activities are marked by many award. Among them: Diploma of the 1st degree of Moscow University and the Gold Medal for the Best thesis (1898), Golden Medal P.P. Semenov-Tian-Shang Russian Geographical Society for Works in the Aral Sea (1909), Big Golden (Konstantinovskaya) Medal is the highest award of the Russian Geographical Society (1915), the Gold Medal of the Asian Society of India for Works on Asia's Ithyology (1936) and others .FROM. Berg - Winner of the USSR State Prize (1951), the cavalier of two orders of the Labor Red Banner and Medals "For the Defense of Leningrad" and "For Valiant Labor in Great Patriotic War 1941-1945.

Lev Semenovich Berg died on December 24, 1950 in Leningrad and was buried on the literal view of the Volkovsky cemetery.

Works

1. Bessarabia. Country - People - the farm. Chinook, 1993.
2. All-Union geographical Society For 100 years. M.-L.: Ed. Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1946.
3. Selected Works. M.-L., 1956-1962. T. 1-5.
4. Climate and life / ed. 2nd, recreation. and add. M.: Geographiciz, 1947.
5. Climate and life. M., Gosizdat. 1922.
6. Lomonosov and the hypothesis about the movement of continents // News of the VGO. 1947. Vol. 1. P. 91-92.
7. Lomonosov and first russian swimming To find the northeast passage // Izvestia Vgo. 1940. T. 72. Vol. 6. P. 712-730.
8. Names of fish and ethnic relations of Slavs. 1948.
9. Essays on the history of Russian geographical discoveries. M.-L:. Ed. Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1946.
10. The homeland of Takharov and the spread of salmon // Izvestia Vgo. 1946. T. 78. Vol. 1. P.122.
11. Russian discoveries in Antarctic and modern interest in it. M.: Geographiciz, 1949.
12. Fish of fresh waters of the USSR and neighboring countries. 1949. T. 1-3.
13. Fish of Turkestan. 1905.
14. The system of fishery and fish, now living and fossil. 1940.
15. Evolution theory. GH., 1922.
16. Proceedings on the theory of evolution. L.: Science. 1976.
17. Urals on Cheese Darius. 1900.

Full list of works L.S. Berg until 1952 is inclusive published in the book "Memory of Academician L.S. Berg. M.-L., 1955. P. 556-560.

Literature

1. Zolottsaya R. Obliva is not subject to // URL: http://www.spbumag.nw.ru/2000/30/16.html.
2. Encyclopedia Kirill and Methodius.
3. Irkutsk: historical and local lore dictionary. Irkutsk, 2011. P. 62.
4. Murzaev E.M. Lev Semenovich Berg (1876-1950). M., Science, 1983.