Characteristic features of the student list. What are the character traits: positive and negative sides of the person

Personality features (property properties, personality features) - features and characteristics of a person describing its internal (and even more precisely - deep) features. What you need to know about the peculiarities of his behavior, communication and response to certain situations is not specifically now, but with long-term contacts with a person.

Personality features include deep features that have both biological and social nature, and defining more superficial, situational manifestations.

Good faith, as a personal trait, in a particular situation will show itself as readiness to bring the case to the end.

Positive features are often called: personal qualities.

What features of the individual can be counted for personal traits? It is easier to note that the personal features do not apply. Are not the features of the personality characteristics describing:

1. Subjective attitude towards personality (unusual, amazing, unpleasant).
2. Physical qualities of a person (clever, beautiful).
3. Social characteristics and "titles" (experienced, wise, conversion, holy, enlightened).
4. Temporary, not sustainable state of a person, such as situational (tired) or mood-dependent (pouring or radiating happiness). In contrast to the position that you can quickly choose, the personality does not change promptly. Personal feature is a constant circumstance with which you can only reckon, use or overcome. Approximately as the weather outside the window: We can't change it, but if it rains there, we can take an umbrella and go where it is necessary.

Is it possible to lead full list Damn personality? - Create a complete, "correct" list of personality features is impossible: on the one hand, it is endlessly (limited only by the capabilities of the language and fantasy of its owner), on the other hand, this list is created under the specific needs of a particular study and therefore always arbitrarily.

Trying to achieve a comprehensive description of the personality, R. Kettell began from the collection of all the names of the personality properties, found either in the dictionaries of the type of Olborp and X. Odber, or in psychiatric and psychological literature. The list of titles (4500 characteristics) due to the unification of obvious synonyms was reduced to 171 personality properties.

Further, is some situational feature of her chosen position or a stable feature, not always possible. Position, this, this is a person chosen a certain way of thinking and relationships, then the features of personality are stable features of the person. In contrast to the position that you can quickly choose, the personality does not change promptly.

If a person behaves like a victim, is his feature or situational choice? To answer such a question, you need to watch a person in different situations. Many of the features of the person can simultaneously attribute to the traits, and to the position, while noting the "promotion" of one or another, characteristic of a certain culture of this time. For example, today is more often a position, rather than the personal feature of an adult. A little about whom we can definitely say that it is inherent in a stable characteristic to always take care of himself and always only at its own expense. More often a person in one way or another is promptly choosing such a way of life, and in another situation he can take another solution. However, we can talk about the fact that part of people adhere to the position of the consumer, making a conscious choice and making it already with their stable habit. And in this sense, a personality feature.

The most common list of personality traits used in classic psychological tests: Mmpi, kettell dough and others. According to the kettel, it is primarily: "closedness - sociability", intelligence, "emotional instability - emotional stability", "subordination - dominance", "Restraint - expressiveness", "Low behavior regulatory is a high normativeness of behavior", "timidity - courage "," Stiffness - sensitivity "," CAN "SUSTAINMENT", "PRACTICALITY - DREATURE", "PRESIDENT - Diplomacy", "Calm is anxiety", "Conservatism - radicalism", "Conformism - Nonkonformism", "Low Self Control - High Self Control "," Relaxity - tension "," Adequate self-esteem is inadequate self-esteem "(primary test factors), as well as" anxiety "," Extraversion - introversion "," sensitivity "and" conformity "(secondary test factors).

It seems that a list of actual personalities in life is easy to continue: this is an adequacy, suggestibility, fancy, sincerity, perfectionism, restraint and many others.

Make a slender personality feature system is difficult primarily due to the fact that the features of individuals are associated with each other not only linearly, but also hierarchically. For example, such behavioral habits, like "nodes", "Cooker" and "Flashing Eyes" are components of the skill to submit hearing signs - the skills and habits of a higher level. In turn, the signs of the hearing together with adjustments by body, adjustments in the dictionary are components of the ability to listen. In turn, the ability to listen to together the ability to speak with clear theses, the skill of operating with facts and specifics and habit of summing up the components of thoughtful communication, which in turn is part of effective communication. Effective communication is included as an element, in effective leadership, and so on.

From the point of view of the needs of the practice, the list of personalities can be significantly narrowed by highlighting the root, fundamental, actually personality features. Such is considered to be

The characteristic of the student in the draft board is a certificate containing a description of characteristic and distinctive features And the qualities of the teenager and the reflecting an educational institution about him. This document is needed in the case when the need to give an assessment of the young man and establish the rules of the authorities. It is from the content of the characteristic that depends largely, there will be a conscript to serve in the army or not. Therefore, the characteristics of the personality personality specified in this document should be stated clearly and reliably.

Document for the military commissar

Along with other standard documents, the characteristic is attached to the personal matter of the conscript. After a thorough study by a psychotherapist during draft activities, depending on its content, the decision is made about what types of troops are a customer's conscript.

The characteristic from the place of study for the military registration and enlistment office is important in that it contains an assessment of social activity, the initiative and behavior of the young man in society. Such documents play a far from the last role, therefore, the social and mental nuances of the personality should be specified here. Equally important are the data on student performance.

Specific value value

However, this is only in theory, in practice, the characteristic for the military registration and enlistment office is a purely formal character from the place of study. Most often, its contents take into account when it comes to distribution to elite types of troops. In this case, representatives of the Commissariat consider psychological picture young man. If the information specified in this document is negative, the conscript is unlikely to come to the service in airborne, uniforms of marine infantry or the presidential regiment.

Psychologists of the military commissariat carefully examine the nature of the conscript and, in the event of his wishes to get into an alternative civil service. Since the pacifist attitude of a young person is difficult to confirm documented, the characteristic becomes the main document confirming or refuting the moral mood of the conscript.

Who can give a personal assessment

The characteristic of the draft community to the student from the school can be represented in two kinds: ordinary or psychological. The first option is a must evidence. She writes a cool leader. In this case, the characteristic will contain the main items that will tell about the student's family, about its academic performance, intellectual development, the social status occupying in the classroom, the level of self-assessment and major psychological qualities. Thus, the pedagogical certificate should contain full and capacious information about the young man.

From the highest or secondary professional educational institution for the military registration and enlistment office, the characteristics of the personality of the student (student) records an official - an employee of the dean.

Psychological characteristic

Sometimes the psychological characteristic is requested at the request of the competent services. In addition to general information about the recruitment, this document must contain paragraphs describing the psychological features of the young man. In this case, the characteristics of the student for the military registration and enlistment office describes a psychologist.

However, before characterizing a young man, a whole range of research is required to make the most fully identifying its main features. In addition to the results, you will need to describe and the methods used to study and test the student. An important value will have a description of the behavior of the young man when conducting tests.

Form of document

The characteristic does not have any strict form of filling, however, during its design, specific rules and items that must be specified are taken into account. A similar assessment is written in a free hand-style or in princess.

Document structure

The rules for writing the characteristics to the student in the draft board are mainly consisted of certain generally accepted wording. The structure of the evidence determining the main features of the character of the young man should include:

• A block with personal information, which indicates F. I. O. Pupil, date of birth, address of residence, place of study, year of receipt in an educational institution.
• A block containing information about the composition of the family, material situation and intra-family relationships. Here are the next relatives.
• A block describing the psychological portrait of a young man who includes information on its moral qualities and behavioral standards.
• A block informing about behavior at the site of study and relationships with classmates and classmates. It is indicated by the average score of the progress, the level of physical training and possession foreign languages.
• Successes and achievements in the course of study. Participation in the public life of the educational institution.
• Hobbies of a young man, his habit.

The characteristic features of the student's personality for the military enlistment office should not only contain good qualities of the conscript, but also to indicate its disadvantages. Information should be made in a responsible person if the young man has drives to the police station, conflicts and inconsistencies to mood change, outbreaks of anger or depression. Despite the fact that many samples of the characteristics in the draft board do not contain this item, it is impossible to miss it in any case.

The importance of accurate information

Reliable and complete information about personal qualitiesah of the Conscript will help to avoid unwanted situations. Timely informing of the employees of the Military Commissariat on the features of the character of the young man warns the occurrence of possible conflicts during the service.

Specificity of writing a common psychological and pedagogical characteristics of the student

Some descriptions of examples of characteristics of the characteristics of the student's personnel for the military registration and enlistment office, besides the generally accepted items and blocks, may contain detailed information on deviations in the development or impaired motor cognitive activity and speech features. In points characterizing the mental abilities of the student, it will be necessary to reflect information about the characteristics of the ability to analyze and synthesize information obtained by visual and auditory perception.

The emotional-volitional scope of the student may be characterized here: sensitivity, prevailing moods, the level of psycho-emotional excitability, the presence of outbreaks of anger, subordination, suggestibility. Also, if there is, the pathological attractions of the young man are indicated.

When describing the characteristic features of the student, the teacher's teacher is entitled to draw conclusions about the identity of the individual. It is obliged to indicate the main interests, the criteria of self-assessment and responsibility of the student. The tasks of the responsible person finds an assessment of the behavior of the norms and rules of the student's behavior in society, to determine the place and role in the team, indicate the level of social adaptation of the young man and relationship with others.

In the characteristic component, the responsible person is entitled to reflect his own conclusions about the student or indicate the general opinion of the pedagogical composition.

Sample Characteristics of the student in a military registration and enlistment office

Characteristic to the student 11 "b" class

MBOU "Gymnasium number 5"

g. Barnaul, Altai Territory

Petrova Vladislav Fedorovich

Petrov Vladislav Fedorovich 1990. It is a student of the MBOU "Gymnasium No. 5" since 2008 currently completes training in the 11th grade.

The level of physical training is high. Healthy, physical training group is the main one. Alcohol and drugs do not use. Tobacocoine has a negative attitude. There were no drives to the police.

Growth - 172 cm, weight - 70 kg. Physical development complies with age standards.

Family composition:

• Mother works as a chef in a school canteen, education - secondary special.
• Father works technologist at the woodworking enterprise, education is higher.
• Brother is studying in the 6th grade.
• Father's line has a grandparents along the mother's line.

Live in their own home, housing conditions are good.

The family refers to the average level of material wealth.

Family relationships are warm, trusted. At home, the schoolboy belongs to care and understanding, control the observance of school discipline and the level of progress. In turn, a schoolboy with respect relates to loved ones. Special credibility he enjoys father.

During the study at school, the young man showed himself from a positive side. The pedagogical composition characterizes it as a responsible, hardworking and conscientious student. Disciplined, modest, independent, sociable and friendly relative to peers. Personal opinion Able to defend.

The main subjects of the curriculum has the estimates of "good" and "excellent." Medium Operation Point - 4.1

By character - calm, balanced, seeks to prevent conflict situations. When conflict appears, it tries to compromise. There are many friends, comrades enjoys authority. Always ready to help classmates and maintain in a difficult moment.

Active participant in public and sports activities of the educational institution. School orders seek to fulfill with full return. From the second class it is engaged in athletics and periodically occupies prizes in district, urban and regional sports events.

Date - 01/15/2018

Director - Cherepanova Galina Petrovna

Cool leader - Frolova Irina Viktorovna

Finally

The characteristic for the military office from the place of study is a kind of resume. Therefore, to determine the main characterizing qualities and personal assessment, it is necessary to approach specially liable. After all, because the facts, not only the effective distribution in certain troops, but also the likelihood of conflict situations during military service depends, depends not only.

BUT. Attitude towards the team, to peers. The predominance of collectivistic or egoistic identity orientation. Participation in public work and its motivation. Manifestations of organizational abilities (initiative or passive; organizer or performer). Attitude towards people. Communicative traits of character: positive features (humanity, kindness, tolerance, justice, manifestations of friendship and partnership, honesty and sincerity in relation to people and to their duties, etc.); Negative features (cruelty, envy, intolerance, indifference, worn, rudeness, etc.).

Relations with older children, teenagers and young men in the neighborhood and in other areas of extracurricular communication. Relationships with boys and girls.

B. Relationship to work.Participation in various types of labor (social and useful, productive, domestic labor). Motives of participation in labor. Goodworking, good faith, accuracy (or opposite qualities). Labor skills and skills.

Special abilities for various types of professional activities (technique, construction, art, etc.).

IN. Attitude to learning activities. Does it love to learn? What are the exercise motives? The level of development of cognitive interests. Attitude towards successes and failures in academic work. Perseverance in overcoming difficulties.

G. Attitude to yourself, to loved people, to teachers.Self-esteem and level of schoolboy claims. Confidence or insecurity. What is the build of its self-esteem: on intelligence, at organizational abilities, on special abilities for science, sports, art, technique, etc.; on high adulthood; on physical strength and others? Self-criticism and demanding to yourself. Relationships with parents: respect and love, recognition of their influence or indifference, alienation? Attitude towards teachers and caregivers, their credibility for the student.

V. Study position in the system interpersonal relationship In the class team.

Sociometric student status. Is there a grouping. His position in the grouping: leader - slave. What interests and what activity is a group community? The ratio of the grouping, which includes a student to the class team.

Vi. Emotional and volitional features.

Temperament of the student (choleric, sanguine, phlegmatic, melancholic). Which one is close to his temperament? What emotions prevail: joy, anger, fear, sadness? Features emotional states (mood, affects, etc.). The ability to own your emotions. Development of higher senses (moral, intellectual, aesthetic).

Volval features: dedication and independence. Activity and initiative. Sustainability of behavior or suggestibility, a tendency to succumb to the influence of others. The discipline and degree of its consciousness. Exposure and composure. Willpower. Disadvantages of will (stubbornness, indecision, negativity, falsehood, inability to bring the case to the end, etc.).

VII. Training activities and mental development of the student.

Educational performance. Ability to various educational subjects.

Features of attention: stability and distractions; ease of switching from one activity to another; The ability to distribute your attention. Observation. Memory features. Memory type. The amount of RAM. Possession of sensations of meaningful memorization and playback.

Features of imagination. Poverty or wealth of images, their originality, emotionality. Realistic or fantastic work of imagination. The level of development of spatial imagination. His manifestations in the lessons of geometry, drawing, etc. The work of imagination in the perception of art, reading fiction literature.

The level of development of visual-shaped and abstract, verbal-logical thinking. What type of knowledge and personality is: to mental, artistic, average? Development of training, intelligent skills: analyze, allocate the main thing, plan, summarize. Development of reproductive thinking and "intelligence" (creative thinking). Development of the qualities of the mind.

The ability to express your thoughts in oral and writing.

VIII. Conclusions.

Nearest and promising educational tasks. Estimated ways to solve them.

Self-analysis plan extracurricular activities

Class _____________________ topic _____

Date _____________________

1. Give the pedagogical justification of the subject of classes.

2. What were the goals and objectives of the event?

3. How was the preparation of students for this event organized? What is the degree of their participation?

4. Expand the content and methodology for carrying out extracurricular activities.

5. What is the educational and cognitive value of the selected material?

6. On the formation of what personal qualities of students is this occupation?

8. Analyze the techniques and methods used in the class, their compliance with the age features of students and the level of development of children of this class.

9. Were the individual features of students during the preparation and holding of the class?

10. Analyze the features of the teacher's personality: conviction, emotionality, contact with children, kids knowledge, pedagogical tact.

11. What is the pedagogical value of this event?

Did you manage to fully implement the tasks? If failed, what are the tasks and why?

Appendix 6.

Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

FGBOU VPO "Mariy state University»

Department of General and Applied Psychology

by pedagogical practice Students 4 courses

specialties "___________________"

Sample of the psychological and pedagogical characteristics of the student:

The material for writing a psychological and pedagogical characteristic was collected from 11.04.2011 to 07/07/2011. The following methods were used in the process of collecting material: observation during training sessions during change; Conversation with a student, a class teacher and other class teacher; testing; Studying a class magazine, personal affairs.

1. General About student

Ivanov Andrei Aleksandrovich - a student of 6 "in" class School No. 10 of the city N. Born on May 31, 1999. According to the results of a medical examination, it is listed in the 1st health group. Medical group in physical culture - Most. Medical workers are given orders recommendations.

2. Family education conditions

The family in which Ivanov Andrei lives, in composition - complete. Father - Ivanov Alexander Alexandrovich - works on ... Mother - Ivanova Elena Mikhailovna - a teacher in ... In a conversation with a class teacher, it turned out that the psychological situation in the family contributes to the development of the child. Friendly relationships between family members play a fundamental role in the full development of the boy. Parents pay sufficient attention of the Son, if necessary, help in preparing homework.

For Andrey, all conditions have been created for normal development. The boy has a place for privacy - its own room, where he can safely perform homework.

From the answers to the questions provided by Andrei questionnaire, it turned out that the boy also has and duties around the house: to go to the store, wash the dishes, take out the garbage, especially like the boy watering flowers.

This suggests that parents instill their son hardworking, accuracy, love for order.

According to the class teacher, the parents of Ivanov Andrei regularly visited parental meetings, participate in the public life of the school. They are also interested in the success of the Son, consult with the class teacher on the development of the development of certain chambers of Andrei. It is also important that the boy's parents regularly browse the diary, on time sign, react to records in the diary, which indicates responsibility and active parental position.

3. Training activities student

The first thing to be noted after observations of Ivanov Andrey is its conscientious attitude to study. He has a high level of attention: notes errors made by students when performing a job on the board, quickly responds to questions at oral work. The boy has a well-developed thinking, it easily summarizes the material, systematizes and analyzes it.

Andrei has good performance in all subjects. Favorite objects are the following: mathematics, informatics, Belarusian and Russian, Belarusian and Russian literature. The total average score in all subjects is 8.3 points.

Ivanov Andrey exhibits high activity in the lessons. He one of the first answers the teacher's questions, always raises his hand. Despite the fact that the answers of the boy are not always true, its activity testifies to diligence in study. It is important to note the fact that Andrey shows an interest in various subjects: related to both accurate sciences and humanitarian. The boy carefully fulfills homework, always tries to answer the teacher's questions. This may indicate the purposefulness and leadership qualities.

According to the student himself, he likes to learn, and it is not much difficult, but at the same time he would like to learn better.

4. Labor activity of the student

Ivanov Andrey is interested not only in training activities, but in various types of extracurricular activities. He visits electives on computer science and mathematics, sports section (basketball), music school. IN free time Andrei also loves to play computer games or spend time on the street with friends.

If the boy is entrusted with a public case, then he fulfills him in good faith.

Despite the fact that Andrei studies only in the 6th grade, but with the choice of profession it was already determined: according to his own words, in the future, the boy dreams of becoming a "great mathematician" and would like to "learn in Italy."

5. Psychological peculiarities Personality student

As a result of Andrei observations, it was established that it is inherent in such qualities of the emotional-volitional sphere, as purposefulness, perseverance, independence, activity. Prevailing temperament types - Sanguine (55%) and choleric. These types correspond to the characteristics of the student as high ability to work, but at the same time instability in the interests and inconsistencies; optimism, sociability, responsiveness; determination, energy, perseverance; average level Forces of nervous processes, high balance of nervous processes, very high mobility of the nervous system.

The methodology for studying self-assessment showed that Andrei has a somewhat overestimated self-esteem. Often he lacks excerpts. For example, he is very quickly answering the questions of teachers, although his answers are not always accurate, although the boy is well developed. But for Andrei, self-criticism is characteristic: the student quite adequately appreciates its capabilities, confident.

Despite the active position of the student both in the educational and public activity, it is inherent in the modesty, kindness, accuracy, sincerity, responsiveness. Andrei is experiencing if it makes mistakes, and tries to fix them.

The boy has good performance in all subjects. But in the questionnaire, he replied that the following are the following: mathematics, informatics, Belarusian and Russian, Belarusian and Russian literature.

The student quickly remembers the material, correctly establishes the links between the new and passed material, quickly finds the necessary rule to perform the task.

Andrew shows high activity in the lessons. He one of the first answers the teacher's questions, always raises his hand.

The boy is very sociable, in the classroom does not conflict with anyone, has many friends. I would also like to note the high culture of communicating Andrei: he is always polite, tactful, respectfully applies to his parents, teachers, elders.

6. Features of cognitive activity

As already mentioned, Andrei has a high level of attention (always notices errors on the board). It is characterized by the ability to timely switching and distributing attention, which has repeatedly been noticed by me in the lessons of mathematics and computer science.

Andrei has the most developed types of memory types, as an engine-hearing encabinated (the memory coefficient in both types was 70). The auditory type of memory is less developed (the coefficient was 60).

Also, the boy is well developed thinking, it easily summarizes the material, systematizes and analyzes it. Andrei is very well developed, in most cases he correctly formulates his thoughts. In general, the level of general mental Development High enough, in some situations the boy is ahead of his peers.

7. General psychological and pedagogical conclusions

Based on the data presented and their analysis, it is possible to conclude about the versatile development of Ivanov Andrei. He is very capable, purposeful, inquisitive, with a wide range of student.

Andrew is very sociable, not conflict, can take criticism. The boy skillfully combines educational and extracurricular activities. Andrei has a great potential of the ability to explore exact Scienceswhere it is necessary to apply logical thinking, but also there is an interest in creativity. He should continue development in these directions.

Did you like the material?
Please put your assessment.

Multifungal, deep and unique. Over the centuries, being the subject of a comprehensive study for various scientific regionsstill remains to end not studied. Thanks to the accumulated and systematized knowledge, the main features of the person. Acquaintance with them helps a person better understand himself, which, in turn, allows you to make adjustments to convictions, a system of self-admiration, change the usual ways to improve the quality of your life and increase the level of luck.

Personality structure

Exists a large number of Different theories of man personality. In domestic psychology, the personality structures of such authors such as Platonov K. K., Leontiev A. N., Kovalev A. G.

The table below the personality structure for Kovalev A. G.

In the works of the famous domestic psychologist Kovalev A. G. Personality is defined as the integrative formation of mental processes, states and the person's identity formed.

Psychological processes

Psychological processes determine the foundation of a human mental life, because they provide him with the environment and are responsible for the formation of it life experience. There are mass of such processes both in consciousness and in the subconscious. They are the most dynamic and short-term. Among them are emotional, volitional and cognitive mental processes. The last group includes perception, feeling, performance, thinking, memory, attention, imagination.

Psychological states

Psychological states are already more sustainable education, which are formed from psychological processes. They are relatively unchanged in time internal holistic characteristics of an individual psyche. Each such state can be characterized by one or more parameters that allocate it from a variety of others. Depending on what activity or what behavioral act this state provides, the dominance of certain cognitive, emotional or volitional mental processes is manifested.

Psychological properties

Mental properties or personality features are individual psychological features that underlie the constant ways of its interaction with the world. They characterize a person as a system of certain subjective relations to themselves, to the surrounding people, various groups and the world as a whole, which manifests itself in communication and interaction with them.

As long as the formation of common sustainable features of the person just begins, the child is characterized in general on its prevailing psychological states. For example, it is said about him as a calm, balanced, shy, capricious, affective, excitable, depressive. When changing the appearance of the child's personality. Under certain conditions, one of these states may be entrenched and in the future manifest itself in some features of its character.

Formation of the personality traits is carried out from mental processes that proceed against the background of mental states. They are the most stable and stable, few prone to changes and at the same time slowly accumulated mental education. As such Kovalev A. G. allocated four main categories. The list of man's personality features as follows:

• temperament;
• focus;
• character;
• abilities.

At the same time, he paid attention to a certain measure of the conventionality of the allocation of these structures, since the same properties can characterize both orientation, and in nature and to influence the manifestation of abilities. However, the consideration of these structures as relatively autonomous is very important. After all, in the presence of identical properties, for example, temperament people can be very different from each other in orientation, nature and abilities.

Temperament

The human temperament refers to the biologically determined personality properties and is the foundation on which its formation occurs. It reflects the differences between people in such criteria as emotional impressionability, intensity and stability of emotions, pace and energy of actions, and other dynamic characteristics. The properties of the personality, they are determined, are the most stable and long-term nature.

According to the definition of Teplova B. M., we can talk about temperament as a totality mental featurescharacteristic of this particular person who is associated with the speed of feelings and their intensity.

Thus, to determine the type of temperament, two main dynamic characteristics are investigated - activity and emotionality. The indicator of behavior activity characterizes the degree of speed, rapidness, energetic or inertness and slowness. Emotionality indicator characterizes emotional processes, reflecting their sign, positive or negative, and modality - fear, anger, joy and others. The most common today is the classification proposed by another hipporate in the V century BC. e., emitting four types of temperament:

• sanguine;
• phlegmatic;
• melancholic;
• choleric.

Representatives of the Sanguine type are noted rapidly emerging, but weak feelings, phlegmatic - slowly emerging and weak feelings, melancholic - slowly emerging, but strong feelings, choleric - quickly emerging and strong feelings. It can also be noted that quick movements are characteristic of sunguine and choleric type of temperament, the overall mobility and predisposition to bright exterior expression Feelings through faithful, movement and speech. For representatives of the phlegmatic and melancholic, on the contrary, are characterized by slow movements and a tendency to weak sense expression. In practice, it is very rare to meet people with a pronounced pure type of temperament, more often there are mixed types when the features of two types of temperament are combined.

The temperament in no way affects the presence of human abilities and rigging. Outstanding talents in various fields of activity may occur with the same frequency with any type of temperament. For example, such famous Russian writers like Goncharov I. A. and Krylov I. A. were manifested by the features of the phlegmatic type of temperament, in Gogol I. V. and Zhukovsky V. A. - Melancholic, Herzen A. I. - Sanguine , Pushkin A. S. was brightly pronounced choleric features. And in two great Russian commander, the types of temperaments were opposite: Suvorov A.V. - Choleric, at Kutuzov M. I. - Phlegmatic.

The question of which type of temperament is better, incorrect. Each of them possesses both its positive and their negative parties. The valuable properties of the personality of the Sanguinik - liveliness, mobility, responsiveness, phlegmatic - tranquility, lack of fussiness and hoodiness, melancholic - the depth and stability of feelings, choleric - energy, passion, activity.

There is a tendency to develop unwanted personality traits:

• sanguinik, such as frivolousness and infantion, tendency to spray, surface superficiality;
• flegmatics - inertness, lethargy, indifference;
• the melancholic is an excessive closure, excessive shyness, a tendency to dive into its own experiences;
• holerik has sharpness, incontinence, tendency to emotional "explosions."

Personality orientation

The focus of the individual acts as the lead characteristics of the person. It is understood as a combination of sustainable motives that focusing the activities of the personality and have relative independence from the actual situation. In other words, this is the main motivational stem. The focus of the person is always socially due and formed in the process of upbringing. The focus is the settings that have become the properties of the personality and have found their manifestation in certain forms, the basis of each of which is the motives of human activity. These forms include:

• attraction;
• a wish;
• interest;
• tendency;
• ideal;
• worldview;
• conviction.

Characteristics of the form of the direction

In this context, under anxiety, such a mental state is understood, which expresses indistinguishable, unconscious or not enough to be aware of the need. As a rule, the attraction is a temporary phenomenon, since the human needs manifested in it or fuses, or is realized and thus transformed into a desire.

Desire is the need and attraction to something concrete. The desire for sufficient awareness has a prompting force. It contributes to the vision of the goal of future actions and the construction of a detailed plan. For this form of manifestation, the awareness is characterized by awareness, firstly, its needs and, secondly, potential ways to satisfy them.

The desire is usually considered as a sensible urge to activities. It appears when the desire is combined with a volitional component.

The brightest and bulk characteristic of the identity of the individual is its interests, being the most important incentive strength to the knowledge of the surrounding reality. At the subjective level, interest detects itself in a special emotional background, the concomitant process of knowledge or attention to certain objects. An amazing feature of interest is that when he satisfied, instead of extinction, he, on the contrary, causes a number of new corresponding more high levels cognitive activity.

The tendency reflects the direction of a person to a certain type of activity. In essence, it is a sustainable interest in the dynamics of its development developing into a deep and sustainable need for a person in the commission of a particular activity. This happens when the volitional component is connected to interest.

The ideal is a certain concrete image or presentation of a subject purpose that a person is focused, to which she strives through the implementation of his inclinations.

The worldview is understood as a system of subjective human views on the world, in his place in it, on your attitude towards yourself and to other people. Here ideals, value orientations, principles and beliefs of the individual are reflected here.

The belief is considered higher Form Directions and are considered as a system of human identity motives that encourage him to do according to their views, principles, worldview. The concepts of motive and motivation are different from each other. The latter is wider and tank. The motive is a stable personal property, from the inside the prompting person to certain actions. In the formation of the identity of the personality, the main role belongs to the resentful motives, since they ensure the activation and focus of behavior. Their formation originates from human needs.

Character

In psychology, under the character, it is customary to understand the combination of individual mental properties that are typical of this individual forms of behavior and methods of action. The process of the formation of common sustainable features is carried out during vital activity.

Not all of its features include character traits, but only the most significant and stable. For example, even very funny and optimistic people may experience such feelings like sadness or sadness, but they do not become pessimists or whiskers.

Classifications of the main psychological features are quite a lot. Most often, two approaches are found in domestic psychological literature. According to the first, all character traits are tied to mental processes and therefore are divided into three groups. List of personality traits in this case turns out:

• Vololovaya - independence, organization, activity, perseverance, determination and others.
• Emotional - impressionability, gustiness, burning, responsiveness, indifference, inertness and others.
• Intellectual - curiosity, deepness, resourcefulness, intelligence and others.

According to the second approach, the character traits are described on the basis of the identity. In the formed character, a system of beliefs, which sets the long-term, strategic focus of actions and human behavior, ensures confidence in the importance and justice of the work performed by him, determines the perseverance in achieving their goals.

Character features that determine the attitude towards activities are expressed in the sustainable interests of a person. The inactive person has no goals at all or very scattered. The surface and instability of their interests are often conjugate with a large share of imitativeness, with a lack of independence and integrity of the person's personality. And, on the contrary, the content and depth of the interests of a person testify to his focus and perseverance.

The characteristic nature of the personality is manifested in situations of choosing ways of action or types of behavior. In this context, you can talk about such a character line as the severity of motivation to achieve success. From it will depend on the choice of man or in favor of actions leading to success - initiative, competitive activity, readiness to risk, or in favor of the desire to simply avoid failure - avoiding risks, evasion of responsibility, inactivity, notionlessness.

All traits of the nature of the personality can be conditionally attributed to two types - motivational and instrumental. The first, respectively, encourage and send activities, and the second gives it a certain style. For example, when choosing a goal of action, a motivational trait of personality is manifested. However, after the goal is defined, there are more instrumental traits, which determine the choice of certain ways to achieve this goal.

Character is formed gradually and can undergo transformation throughout the human life. And this process can be made conscious. As the famous English writer William Makepis said Tekcakes, lay the act - get the habit, lay the habit - get married, sit in nature - and you will get fate.

Human abilities

According to the approach of the domestic scientist Teplova B. M., under the abilities such individually psychological features are understood, which, on the one hand, are distinguished by one person from the other, on the other, they relate to the success of any one activity or numerous activities, with the third - Do not reduce the knowledge already in humans, skills and skills.

The human abilities determine the degree of ease and speed of acquiring and assimilating their knowledge, skills and skills. In turn, acquired knowledge, skills and skills have a significant assistance further development Abilities, and their absence, on the contrary, serves as a brake for the development of abilities. In psychology, most often classified as follows:

• ability;
• ottoman;
• talent;
• genius.

Successful performance of any activity is not dependent on some one, but from a combination of several abilities at once. In this case, the combination leading to the same result can be provided in various ways. In the absence of the necessary departments to the successful development of some abilities, their deficit can be replenished due to the deeper development and development of others. According to the opinion of Teplova B. M., the abilities cannot exist in the absence of a permanent development process. The ability that is not practiced is lost over time. Only due to diligence, constant exercises, systematic classes such complex activities, such as mathematics, music, artistic or technical creativity, sport is possible maintaining and developing appropriate abilities.

As a great artist did not accept the Academy

The identification in the daily practice of abilities and skills often leads to erroneous judgments and conclusions, especially in pedagogical practice. The story of how the famous artist Surikova V.I. At the initial stage of his development did not accept the Academy of Arts, was honored to be made to psychological literature as an example for a better understanding of the category "ability".

Passion Surikova V.I. To drawing was obvious from early childhood. For a while he took lessons in the Krasnoyarsk county school. After the death of the father in view of the cramped financial circumstances, good education was not affordable for his family. The young man fell to the service as a scribe to the governor's office. Somehow his drawings fell by Zamyatin P. N. - the Yenisei Governor, and he cooked in them the huge artistic potential of the author. He found Surikov V. I. Petsnate, ready to pay training at the Academy of Arts. But despite this, the first attempt to enter an educational institution was not completed.

Teachers made a mistake because they could not distinguish the lack of skills and skills and absence. Despite the fact that the outstanding abilities of the young artist manifested themselves quite early, the skills and skills of drawing at that time he was still not enough.

For three months, Surikov V.I. mastered the necessary skills and skills and as a result was enrolled in the Academy of Arts. In the course of study, he received four silver medals for their work and was awarded several cash premiums.

His example shows that you need to believe in myself, in your dream and persistently seek your goal.