Calendar of important scientific discoveries of the twentieth century. Calendar of important scientific discoveries in the Calendar of scientific discoveries
The world does not stand still, so annually scientists make significant jumps in different areas Science and technology. 2016 did not exception, and therefore we decided to assemble the most interesting inventions and important scientific discoveries of the outgoing year. The future is not far off!
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Huge holograms Magic LEAP
With the help of the Magic Leap device, you can now see a jump from the water of the most vast animal in the world - China, see what things look, animals or nature in life look like, create whole worlds imposed on real things, imaginary dragons and small fairies .. Main feature The fact that the image is not just voluminous, but also what it moves, creating an animation! No, this is not a distant future - it can be done now!
By the way, you can use it now.
Artificial skin invention
A group of scientists from America has developed a skin similar to an elastic film. It can not be used not only not only for beauty purposes - for example, to reduce the visibility of wrinkles, but also in medical - let's say, for constant moisturizing, which is necessary with certain skin diseases.
Data is recorded on the carrier using ultra-speed laser pulses.
Development of the Eternal Data Storage Method
Until 2016 there was no way to store digital information infinite time. However, scientists of Southampton University, and use nanostructured glass, developed new process Recording and reading data. The device itself looks like a small glass disk size slightly more coins, but it is possible to save up to 360 TB of data and to withstand temperatures up to 1000 ° C.
A unique thing that helps to be close in Dali from each other.
Holographic teleport
The device was invented and invented by scientists in Microsoft. A person who is thousands of kilometers can send his hologram to communicate and even interaction.
According to some futurists, after 30 years, people will begin massively grow outside the body.
Scientists first raised the limb in the test tube
The first live limb appeared, grown in laboratory conditions by scientists of their massachusetts hospital. When the finite-sheer rat was filled with blood, the animal began to move his new paw. If now people who have lost their arms or legs can only take advantage of the prosthesis, then in just a few years they will be able to again become the owner of the real living organ!
You can only download that computers become smarter even the most intelligent earthly representatives of the planet.
The victory of the computer over man in the game "Go"
Go is one of the most ancient games on Earth, and probably the most difficult of all existing ones. Until 2016, the world's best player was a saddoll man, but the first time for all time the Alphago computer program won. The founder of Google Deepmind Demis Hassabis compared this event with a man falling on the moon.
Such numbers are widely used cryptography, but the new number found is too large for practical application.
Opening of the largest simple number
On January 7, 2016, the Mathematician Kurtis Cooper team opened the most well-known simple number, which equals 274207281 - 1 and contains 22,338,618 decimal digits. In his search, scientists spent more than 2.5 years, received a grade as 150 thousand dollars.
Now the first stage can be used repeatedly, which will reduce costs.
The first vertical landing of the rocket in the ocean
Previously, the vertical landing of the rocket we could only see in films, but in reality, such a landing is an incredibly difficult task. That is why space agencies build rockets with such accounting that the waste parts either fall into the ocean, or simply burn in the atmosphere.
On April 8, 2016, Spacex first managed to plant the first stage of the Falcon 9 rocket launch at the ocean platform, which means that the spent steps can be reused, saving gigantic money!
Inventors injected CO2 to volcanic rocks, accelerating the natural process of transformation of basalt to carbonates, which then become limestone.
With this design, the steering is not provided, but is intended only for cuttlelines.
Levitating tires rotating in all directions
It turns out the wheel can be invented twice: a goodyear company came to such a discovery by developing spherical tires "Eagle 360". They will allow the car to move in any direction, including sideways, facilitating parallel parking, as well as under certain angles and speeds, counteracting slippery surfaces.
"Well, and that" - you will say, without even thinking about the huge opportunities that are now opening to people.
On the ISS for the first time in history bloomed flower
On board the International Space Station, many years of age, astronauts carry out experiments on plant growing. And the miracle happened, bright orange Astra-Zinnia became the first flower that grew up in space!
At the moment, the 9th planet remains only a hypothetical assumption, since no one has seen it., But according to preliminary calculations, it is at a distance of 240,000,000,000 kilometers from the Sun.
9 planet detected in the solar system
In the 20th century, the theories were put forward on the existence of the ninth planet "X", which follows Neptune. Its presence pointed out the behavior gravitational waveswhich could be called the presence of a very massive object. Astronomers who wrote about their discovery say that the likelihood that for the 9 planet was made some very dense cloud from asteroids or meteorites, is only 0.0007%.
After installing the implant, a person who spent the last 6 years of his life completely paralyzed, returned the opportunity to move his fingers.
Cybernetic implant
This is perhaps the most useful and important invention of 2016, able to give a paralyzed person to move the limbs! This chip is installed in the human brain, from where it sends signals to the receiver - that they processes them and data transfers to a special electronic glove on the hand of a person. In the glove there are electrical wires that stimulate certain muscles and force the fingers to move.
It is worth adding that there is already a final version of the project for small plants.
Development of bioluminescent trees
Glowing in the dark trees plan to use instead of ordinary street lanterns. Make trees glow decided with the help of a enzyme meeting with some jellyfish and fireflies.
The invention of the eyelid: Compact, spacious, without unpleasant odor, does not need cooling and uses only 8% of the energy of the house for the control panel.
The invention of biochelodistine
Another interesting invention of 2016 was the concept of the refrigerator proposed by the Russian designer for the ELECTROLUX Design Lab contest, Which coolsfood with a biopolymer gel. It has no shelves, departments and doors - you just insert food to the gel.
The genome editing implies the introduction of a specific DNA that will complement or completely replace the existing genome.
Editing a human genome
And with this scientific discovery at the stage of pregnancy, you can choose the floor of the child, it will be possible to get rid of all hereditary genetic deviations and even make a baby similar to a certain parent!
Topographic mapping of the brain
In 2016, scientists still managed to learn our brain more, making it up. It became visible to important centers of the brain, and at the same time, they can be viewed their activity. With the help of experiments, the relationship between the actions of the body and the brain orders was clear. Now the technique helps to treat mental disorders, but very soon we will witness how a person will be able to use his abilities completely in a new way.
It turns around not only around the Sun, but also around our planet. But it is not necessary to break up in the hope of visiting it, since its dimensions range from 40 to 100 meters in diameter.
The earth appeared "Another Moon"
Scientists from the aerospace agency NASA discovered an asteroid captured by the gravity of our planet and now in the orbit of the Earth. In fact, this makes it a second natural companion of our planet. Of course, a lot of things flies around our planet: space stations, artificial satellites and just thousands of tone of various space trash. But the moon was always only one. And now there are two of them, as the NASA confirmed the existence and appeal to the orbit of the 2016 HO3 object.
Sometimes it seems to us that all the most interesting was discovered for a long time ago, and it makes no sense to reinvent the bike. But it is not at all. Science does not stand still. Every day are performed new discoveries. We collected a dozen brightest of them, made only russian scientistsand tried to describe them so that you can easily talk about the novelties of science to your children.
New discoveries in the field of archeology
Loaded MammothsUntil recently, mammoths were extinct in the Stone Age, about 10 thousand years ago. However, new finds of Russian scientists on the island of Wrangel prove that Mammoths lived here in the 2000s before our era. It turns out that in historical age these giants are contemporaries of ancient trends and Egyptian pharaohs!
Denisovsky man
In 2010, Siberian archaeologists opened the new kind primitive people. Now the company with Crohanyonians and Neanderthals are located Denice. Thes of their remains were found in the Denis cave, which in Altai. The age of Denisovsky is about 40 thousand years old.
New discoveries in the field of geography
Standing lakes AntarcticaOur scientists still continue to find new researched lakes in Antarctica. At the moment they are open more than 140! Lake East is the largest of treated lakes in the world. His discovery was one of the greatest under the past half a century. The lake is located under the layer of ice with a thickness of 4 kilometers, and his age - several million years !!!At the moment, research on the Lake East continues. If scientists find microorganisms in the waters of the lake, it will prove the possible existence of a primitive life in our solar system - on Jupiter satellites (Callisto, Europe) and Saturn (Enceladud).
New discoveries in the field of astronomy
The most telescopeRadio astron - a large-scale space project, launched by Russian scientists. As part of the project in orbit the world's largest cosmic telescope, Guinness recorded in the Guinness Book. At the moment it is the tempering telescope in the world. With its help, scientists will be able to observe the processes occurring in distant galaxies, black holes and solve other secrets of the Universe.
New solar discovery
Coronas is a Russian project that studies solar activity. Over the past 20 years, our scientists launched 3 satellites, which are the only ones in the world that observe the sun. During this time, a number of unique discoveries were made: the nature of solar flares, the solar crown and other processes in the sun were studied.
Opening of water on Mars
Russian detector Hand (Hend)Mounted on the American orbital apparatus "Mars-Odyssey" in 2001, found water ice on the red planet! For 14 years this device has been collecting information about Mars for scientists. Perhaps very soon we are waiting for other news about the life of our Space neighbor.
New discoveries in the field of chemistry
Fleurian, Livermorius, Nunoky, ..From 1999 to 2010, the Mendeleev table was replenished 6 new elementsthanks to the Russian scientist. Physics from the near Moscow city of Dubna were able to get them thanks to a special installation with the Russian name "Masha". This is Fleurian, Livermorius, Lunokyti, Huntri, Ununpenty, Unhunspeti. Total in the table today 118 chemical elements. And there are still empty cells!
New discoveries in physics
The most durable materialIn 2010, a group of our scientists received Nobel Prize For the opening of superproof material - graphene. Graphen 200 times steadfast steelBut at the same time very thin and light. To break the thinnest graphene film with a thickness of 0.01 mm, it is necessary to make an effort of 7 tons weighing (this is an adult elephant)! The scope of graphene wide: medicine, electronics, cosmo- and aircraft construction and many other areas of science and life.
Alphene semiconductors and laser
In 2000. Nobel Prize Physics received our compatriot Zhores Alferov. We all enjoy it today: all optical fiber bond is built on semiconductors and laser of Alferov. And only thanks to its discoveries, our mobile phones work, computers, CD players and many other devices.
New discoveries in the field of mathematics
Bagel, Apple and UniverseIn 2003, Russian scientist Grigory Perelman solved one of 7 Millennium's greatest mysteries. He proved the famous hypothesis Poincaré, which confirmed the hypothesis of the emergence of our universe - the theory of a large explosion. How to explain the meaning of a complex mathematical theory of kid? Let's try to do this on the example of an apple and a bubble. If a long time and strongly compress the apple, then it will turn into a point. But the bagel to squeeze to the point will not work, it will break. And Perelman, this scientifically proved. For the discovery, he was awarded the Fields Award at 1 million dollars, from which a scientist ... refused!
This world keeps many more mysteries that have to solve our children. Make your little scientists interesting stories, Inspire on creativity. And let them wait for a sea of \u200b\u200bamazing discoveries in life!
1900 - German physicist Max Planck introduced the concept of energy quantum and quantum constant. Plank - founder quantum mechanics.
1903- Ivan Petrovich Pavlov based on experimental physiological research developed a concept conditional reflex. Pavlov proved the interactiveness and unity of psychic and physiological processes in the body.
1908- Herman Minkowski gave a mathematical formulation of the theory of relativity, introducing the concept of four-dimensional space-time ("four-dimensional world").
1909- Opened "The surface of Mochorovichich" - the border of the section between earth Kore and land mantle.
1911 - Creation of Charles Wilson "Wilson Chambers", which allowed to observe various types of radiation, traces of which in the gas medium in combination with electric and magnetic fields become visible. When analyzing these "tracks" managed to determine the charge and the energy of the components of their particles.
Ernest Rutherford missed A-particles through a thin metal foil and watched their scattering. Only suggesting the existence of atomic nuclei that occupy a total of 1/10000 part of its diameter in atom, Rutherford was able to explain the scattering of OS particles in the substance. The opening of Rutherford confirmed J.Tomson's hypothesis (1903) on the existence of a positively charged atomic core. Rutherford created the planetary model of the atom, in the future quantitatively developed by Niels Bor.
1912- Thomas Morgan suggested the theory of localization of genes in chromosomes. His gene theory was based on a number of laws that complement the laws of Mendel (genes in chromosomes are clicked with each other, the number of possible combinations between the genes inside the chromosome depends on their remoteness from each other, the genes of the same chromosome form a bound group, and the number of these groups is not exceeds the number of chromosomal pairs).
1913 g. - Nils Bor, using a plank's quantum hypothesis, developed a quantitative model of hydrogen atom, thus creating the first quantum theory of atom.
1915 – Nobel Prize In the field of physics, english physicists were awarded to Father and Son Braggam - for the study of the structure of crystals using x-ray rays. They experimentally proved the frequency of the atomic structure of crystals and thus laid the foundations of modern crystallography.
1918- Norwegian physicist and Geophysicist Wilhelm Bjercnes explained the emergence of cyclones from the polar fronts and developed a methodology for compiling meteorological maps. The founder of modern meteorology.
1919- E. Rutherford carried out the first artificial nuclear reaction, irradiating nitrogen A-particles (helium nuclei). It received an oxygen isotope.
20s- Experimentally confirmed the existence of an ionized layer in the atmosphere (ionosphere). Height up to 20 thousand km. In addition to neutral particles, the ionosphere contains charged electrons and ions occurring under the action of solar radiation.
1922- Soviet geophysicist and mathematician Alexander Alexandrovich Friedman proposed a model of a nonstationary expanding universe based on relativistic cosmology. The theory of "Big Explosion" based on this model explains the origin of the universe and the forms of its matter with a sudden jump.
1923- Soviet physiologist Alexey Alekseevich Ukhtomsky created the doctrine of dominant, the emergence of which determines the nature of the reflex reaction of the nervous system.
1924- Louis de Broglie in the doctoral dissertation "Studies on quanta theory" made an idea about the wave properties of matter ("Waves de Broglie"). He believed that each moving particle could be described by the wave conjugate. According to de Broglie, corpuscular-wave dualism is inherent in all, without exception, the types of matter - electrons, protons, etc. So there was an idea of \u200b\u200bthe waves of matter.
South African Anatas Raymond Dart discovered fossil remains of primates in South Africa, which were attributed to Australopithecks. Their age of 1 million years (at present, the age of these primates is determined by 5 million years).
1925- In Dayton (USA), a teacher J. Skops was convicted for teaching the theory of Darwin ("Monkeys Process").
1926- Austrian physicist Theorient Erwin Schrödinger developed the wave mechanics, which put the private differential equation - "Schrödinger Equation". It showed the equivalence of its wave mechanics and quantum mechanics in matrix form developed by Werner Geisenberg in a quantum theory (1925).
In Leningrad, the work of Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky "Biosphere" was published, which is a generalization of geological, biological, chemical and geographical data on the structure of the earth's surface.
1927- Werner Geisenberg formulated the "principle of uncertainty", according to which it is impossible to completely define the impulse and the position of the elementary particle at the same time (the product of the uncertainties of the coordinate and impulse is limited to some minimum value of the constant plank).
1928- Paul Dirac Theoretically suggested the existence of anti-particles. In 1932, the first antiparticle - positron - was found in the space rays.
1929- Public speeches of representatives of the Vienna Circle - students of the Austrian philosopher and physics Moritz Schlock - Rudolph Carnap and others who understood philosophy as a logical analysis of the language of science. They put forward a program for constructing a single science based on physics (physicialism).
American astronomer Edwin Hubble found that the displacement of the lines in the galactic spectra towards the "red" edge (the so-called red displacement), which is one of the manifestations of the "Doppler effect", increases in proportion to the distance that objects are removed ("Hubble Law") and associated with the runoff of galactic formations.
The English pharmacologist and physiologist Henry Dale found that the occurrence of an electrical impulse at the end of the nerve or synapse connecting two neurons is accompanied by the release of adrenaline or acetylcholine. These substances stimulate the nervous cell transmitting excitement on.
In China, Teyar de Charden discovered Synantropra - a representative of the ancient fossil people close to the previously open on. Java Peteitrontopu. Synaltopes used fire 300 thousand years ago.
End of the 20s- Soviet physicist and physicochemist Nikolai Nikolaevich Semenov opened a new kind chemical reactions - Branched chain reactions, during which active particles are formed - free radicals, which, interacting with the starting material, except for the reaction products, re-form radicals.
30s- Austrian Zoologist Conrad Lorenz laid the foundations of a new field of biology - Etology (study of instinctive behavior of animals).
30-40s -formation synthetic theory Evolution combining the idea of \u200b\u200bdarwinism with modern genetics.
1931. - Logic and mathematician Kurt Gödel proved that if the theory of consistent and axioms of formalized mathematics essence of the theorem of this theory, then such a theory is not full. The truth (consistency) of any theory containing formalized mathematics cannot be proved using finite (finite) processes in reasoning. Thus, formalization has its limits.
Canadian pathologist Hans Selre introduced the concept of stress.
1932- Hypothesis V. Geisenberg, D.D. Ivanhenko and I.E. Tamma on the structure of the atomic nucleus from protons and neutrons. The number of nucleons is equal to a mass number. The sum of the masses of nucleons and electrons gives a mass of an atom.
English physicist J. Chechik opened neutron.
The Austrian Biologist Theorient Ludwig Bertalanfi developed the theory of biological objects as open systems in a state of dynamic equilibrium (the so-called "general theory of systems").
Charles Sherrington introduced the term "synaps" and showed the value of braking in the reflex activity of the spinal cord. Shergangton's school laid the basics of modern neurophysiology.
1933- German physicist Theodore Gaging opened the mutual annihilation of the particle and antiparticle.
1934 -french Physicians Irene and Frederick Jolio-Curie discovered artificial radioactivity, irradiating aluminum foil a-particles. Enrico Fermi found that with the bombardment of uranium neutrons there are new radioactive elements.
1935- Japanese physicist HiDeki Yukaws theoretically substantiated the presence of unstable elements in the nuclei of strongly interacting particles (mesons) with a very short period of existence.
The industrial production of synthetic tissue - "cellulose wool" began.
German biologist Hansz Shempan awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for the opening of the "Organizational Effects (Centers)" of the embryo. Having established the interdependence of the development of one part of the embryo from another, Speman formulated the theory of "organizers", affecting the development of the pieces of the embryo.
1936- English Mathematics Alan Turing and American Mathematics and Logic Emil Post independently developed the concept of an "abstract computing machine". Turing also described a hypothetical universal discrete information converter, called the Turing Machine.
1938 G. - In England, the first system of radar equipment is designed - radar.
1939- Soviet mathematician and economist Leonid Vitalyevich Kantorovich released the book "Mathematical methods of organizing and planning production" in Leningrad, which laid the foundations of the new discipline - linear programming.
F. Jolio-Curie and independently of him E. Fermi found that the cleavage of uranium-235 is accompanied by the release of new (secondary) neutrons. So the chain was open nuclear reaction. Later, the project of the first nuclear reactor is proposed.
1942, August -the "Manhattan" project was approved related to the development of an atomic bomb (the head - Robert Oppenheimer);
the first controlled chain reaction in the nuclear reactor created in the University of Chicago under the leadership of E. Fermi was carried out.
1943- Otto Julievich Schmidt put forward a meteoric origin hypothesis Solar system. In 1944, his study "Meteoric theory of the origin of the Earth and Planets" was published.
1945 August 16 -the first experimental explosion of the atomic bomb was produced; August 6.– atomic bomb dropped at Hiroshima, died 140 thousand people, August 9.- At Nagasaki, 75 thousand people died.
1946 -Ivan Ivanovich Schmalgausen developed the theory of a new integrated form of natural selection - stabilizing selection.
1947- Viktor Amazasovich Ambartsumian opened new Type Star Systems - Star Associations (dynamically unstable groups of young stars) and proved that the process of star formation in the Universe continues.
1948- Norbert Wiener has released the book "Cybernetics, or management and communication in an animal and machine." American mathematician and engineer Claude Shannon released a book " Mathematical theory. Information transfer. "
American Physicists Walter Brattein, John Bardin and William Shockley created a transistor, and Hungarian physicist Dennis Gabor formulated the principles of holography.
The Nobel Prize was awarded to the Swiss chemist Paul Muller for the synthesis of DDT.
The first Thermonuclear explosion was carried out on the draft American Physics Edward Teller. The beginning of the work on the implementation of the controlled thermonuclear reaction using the device-trap chamber for the Tokamak plasma (head - I.E. Tamm).
1953-american chemist and biologist Stanley Miller showed the possibility of artificial amino acid synthesis from ammonia, methane, water vapor in conditions similar to those that could be on ground surface Shortly after the formation of the Earth. Synthesis could begin under the influence of electrical discharges and ultraviolet rays.
American biochemist James Watson and english physicist Francis Creek opened the DNA structure.
1954- The first nuclear power plant in Obninsk was put into effect. American paleontologist Patrick Harley discovered in silica near the upper lake (Canada) green algae, whose age, by his assumption, 2 billion years, and eight amino acids of organic origin.
1955 - Swedish physiologist Ragnar Granit released the book "Receptors and sensory perception", in which he reported on his experiments that proven that the impulse from individual receptor cells is transmitted to the nerve fiber to the brain with an electrochemical path.
1956 - American astronomer Werner Baum, watching the accumulations of galaxies at a record removal of 550 megaparsecs (1 megaparsk - 3,259 million light years), confirmed that the Universe expands, and an increase in the expansion rate, according to its data, is 55 km / s per 1 megaparsec.
1957 - In Dubna, the world's largest accelerator of charged particles - synchrophasotron entered into force. The first artificial satellite of the Earth rose from the Baikonur cosmodrome and the first civilian atomic vessel - icebreaker "Lenin".
1958 - At the initiative of the American scientist Linus Pauling, more than 10 thousand scientists have signed an appeal against the termination of experiments with nuclear weapons.
American Physicists Charles Towns and Arthur Shavlov theoretically substantiated the design and principle of the laser operation (abbreviated from English: enhancing light with a forced radiation) - the device for obtaining extremely intense and narrow beams of monochromatic light radiation.
1960 - Unsuccessful attempt by American astronoma Frank Drake to take radio signals of alleged reasonable civilizations from the stars "Tau" of the Equatorial Constellation of China.
1961 - First flight of a person in space, which lasted 1 hour and 48 minutes.
1963 - American astronomer Martin Schmidt opened quasars (sources of radio emission close to Star).
1964. - English anthropologist and archaeologist Richard Liki in the gorge Oldayway in the north of Tanzania discovered the remains of the overhead and bone of four monkey-like people close to Australopita and called "Skillful Man".
1965 - Open space relict radio emission. It is assumed that this radiation is a consequence of the explosion of the initial very compact and red-hot metagalaxy and proves the justice of the "hot model of the Universe".
1966 - The Nobel Prize was awarded French biologists Francois Jacob, Andre Lviv and Jacques Mono for the opening of the so-called structural genes responsible for the synthesis of enzymes.
1967 - American physicist Gerald Feynberg and independently of him Indian physicist Ennakal Sudarshan put forward a hypothesis about the existence of tachyoni - particles at a speed of greater light speed.
The Nobel Prize was awarded to the German physicochemistry Manfred Eigen and English chemists George Porter and Ronald Norrish.
For the study of ultricular chemical and biochemical reactions with an average rate of 10 ~ 9 s.
South African surgeon Christian Barnard in Cape Town first carried out a heart transplant operation.
The English astronomer Anthony Hewish and who worked under his leadership, a student J. Bell was opened in the remnants of supernovae Pulsary (in this case, it was about fast rotating stars).
1969- The first person joined the surface of the moon.
1974- at the first international conference on ethical issues molecular biology and genetic engineering proclaimed a temporary moratorium on all experiments with recombination of genetic material.
1975 - The Nobel Prize is awarded for the spheroidal model of the atomic nucleus.
1994- Report on the opening of the sixth, last quark.
1997 -In Edinburgh (Scotland), as a result of using the donor nucleus of the breast, an adult sheep was obtained a clonal animal - a sheep nicknamed dolly.
Over the past few centuries, we have committed countless discoveries that helped significantly improve our quality everyday life And to understand how the world around us is arranged. It is very difficult to estimate the whole importance of these discoveries, if not to say that it is almost impossible. But one clearly surely - some of them literally changed our life once and for all. From penicillin and screw pump to X-ray and electricity, in front of you list of 25 the greatest discoveries and inventions of humanity.
25. Penicillin
If in 1928, the Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming (Alexander Fleming) did not open Penicillin, the first antibiotic, we would still die from such diseases like a gastric ulcer, from abscesses, streptococcal infections, scarletins, leptospirosis, lime diseases and many others.
24. Mechanical hours
Photo: Pixabay.
There are conflicting theories about how the first mechanical clock really looked, but most often the researchers adhere to the versions that in 723 our era created the Chinese monk and mathematician Ai Xing (I-Hsing). It is this fundamental invention that allowed us to measure time.
23. Heliocentrism Copernicus
Photo: WP / Wikimedia
In 1543, by almost death, the Polish astronomer Nikolai Copernicus promulgated his significant theory. According to the writings of Copernica, it became known that the Sun is our planetary system, and all of its planets rotate around our star each in their orbit. Until 1543, astronomers believed that it was the Earth that was the center of the Universe.
22. Circulatory
Photo: Bryan Brandenburg
One of the most important discoveries The medicine was the opening of the circulatory system, which in 1628 announced english doctor William Harvey. He became the first person describing the entire circulation system and the properties of the blood, which the heart shakes throughout our body from the brain to the fingertips.
21. Screw pump
Photo: David hawgood / geographic.org.uk
One of the most famous ancient Greek scientists, Archimedes, is considered the author of one of the world's first water pumps. Its device was a rotating corkscrew, which pushed the water up the pipe. This invention has advanced irrigation systems to a new level and is still used in many sewage treatment plants.
20. Gravity
Photo: Wikimedia.
Everyone knows this story - Isaac Newton, the famous English mathematician and physicist, opened gravity after an apple fell on his head on 1664. Thanks to this event, we first learned why the items fall down and why the planet rotate around the sun.
19. Pasteurization
Photo: Wikimedia.
Pasteurization was opened in the 1860s by the French scientist Louis Pasteur. It is the process of heat treatment, during which in certain foods and beverages (wine, milk, beer), pathogenic microorganisms are destroyed. This discovery had a significant impact on public Health and the development of the food industry around the world.
18. Steam engine
Photo: Pixabay.
Everyone knows that modern civilization Camely at the factories built during the industrial revolution, and that all this happened using steam engines. The engine caused by the power of steam was created for a long time, but over the past century it was significantly finalized by three British inventors: Thomas Sayver, Thomas Newcastle and the most famous of them - James Watt (Thomas Savery, Thomas Newcomen, James Watt).
17. Air conditioning
Photo: ILDAR SAGDEJEV / WIKIMEDIA
The primitive climate control system existed since ancient times, but it changed significantly when the first modern electric air conditioner appeared in 1902. He was invented by a young engineer named Willis Carrier (Willis Carrier), a leaving of Buffalo, New York (Buffalo, New York).
16. Electricity
Photo: Pixabay.
The fateful opening of electricity is counted by the English scientist Michael Faraday. Among its key discoveries, it is worth noting the principles of operation of electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism and electrolysis. Faraday experiments also led to the creation of the first generator, which became the predecessor of huge generators, which today produce electricity to us in everyday life.
15. DNA
Photo: Pixabay.
Many believe that it is American biologist James Watson and an English physicist Francis Crick (James Watson, Francis Crick) in the 1950s opened, but in fact, for the first time, this macromolecule was revealed back at the end of the 1860s by the Swiss Chemist Friedrich Maysher (Friedrich Miescher). Then a few decades after the opening of the Maysher, other scientists have conducted a number of studies that finally helped us clarify how the body transfers their genes to the following generation, and how its cells are coordinated.
14. Anesthesia
Photo: Wikimedia.
Simple forms of anesthesia, such as opium, mandragora and alcohol, were used by people from the long time, and the first mention of them refer to as much as 70 years of our era. But since 1847, the anesthesia passed to a new level when the American surgeon Henry Bigelou (Henry Bigelow) first introduced ether and chloroform into his practice, making extremely painful invasive procedures much more tolerated.
13. Theory of relativity
Photo: Wikimedia.
Including two interconnected theories of Albert Einstein (Albert Einstein), special and general theory Relativity, the theory of relativity, published in 1905, transformed all theoretical physics and astronomy of the 20th century and eclipsed with a 200-year-old theory of mechanics proposed by Newton. Einstein's relativity Theory has become the basis for most scientific work Modern.
12. X-rays
Photo: Nevit Dilmen / Wikimedia
The German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen (Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen) was inappropriately opened X-ray rays in 1895, when he watched the fluorescence arising from a cathode-radial tube. For this turning discovery in 1901, the scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize, which became one of its kind in physical sciences.
11. Telegraph
Photo: Wikipedia.
Since 1753, many researchers have conducted their experiments to establish communication at a distance using electricity, but a significant breakthrough occurred only after several decades, when in 1835, Joseph Henry and Edward Davy (Joseph Henry, Edward Davy) invented an electric relay. With this device, they created the first telegraph 2 years later.
10. Periodic system of chemical elements
Photo: Sandbh / Wikimedia
In 1869, the Russian chemist Dmitry Mendeleev noticed that if we streamline the chemical elements by their atomic mass, they are conditionally lined up into groups with similar properties. Based on this information, he created the first periodic system, one of the greatest discoveries in chemistry, which later called the Mendeleev table in his honor.
9. Infrared rays
Photo: Airs / Flickr
Infrared radiation was opened by British astronomer William Herchel (William Herschel) in 1800, when he studied the heating effect of light different colors, using a prism spectrum to decompose light, and measuring changes in thermometers. Today infrared radiation It is used in many areas of our life, including meteorology, heating systems, astronomy, tracking heat-made objects and many other spheres.
8. Nuclear magnetic resonance
Photo: MJ-Bird / Wikimedia
Today, nuclear magnetic resonance is constantly used as an extremely accurate and effective diagnostic tool in the field of medicine. For the first time, this phenomenon was described and calculated by American physicist Isidor Rabi (Isidor Rabi) in 1938 during the observation of molecular beams. In 1944, for this discovery to the American scientist awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics.
7. Dumping plow
Photo: Wikimedia.
Invented in the 18th century, the dump plow became the first plow, which not only screamed the soil, but also stirred it, which made it possible to process in agricultural purposes, even very non-dotting and stony land. Without this tool, agriculture, in which we know it today, in Northern Europe or in Central America would not exist.
6. Camera-obscura
Photo: Wikimedia.
The predecessor of modern cameras and video cameras became the camera-obscura (translated a dark room), which was an optical device used by artists for creating fast sketches during the departure outside their workshops. The hole in one of the walls of the device served to create an inverted image of what happened outside the camera. The picture was displayed on the screen (on the opposite wall of the dark box wall). These principles were known for centuries, but in 1568, Venietan Daniel Barbaro (Daniel Barbaro) made changes to the chamber-obscura device, adding it collective lenses.
5. Paper
Photo: Pixabay.
The first examples of modern paper often consider papyrus and amate, which used the ancient Mediterranean peoples and pre-Polumba Americans. But it would not be quite correct to consider them real paper. Links to the first production of papers are referred to in China during the reign of Eastern Han Empire (25-220 years old). The first paper is mentioned in the chronicles dedicated to the activities of the Justice of Tsai Luna (CAI LUN).
4. Teflon
Photo: Pixabay.
Material, thanks to which your frying pan does not burn, in fact was invented absolutely by chance by the American chemist Roy Plunkett, when he was looking for a replacement for refrigerant to secure homemade life. During one of his experiments, the scientist opened a strange slippery resin, which later became more known as Teflon.
3. Theory of Evolution and Natural Selection
Photo: Wikimedia.
Inspired by his observations during the second research journey in 1831-1836, Charles Darwin (Charles Darwin) began writing his famous theory of evolution and natural selection, which became the view of scientists from all over the world a key description of the mechanism for the development of all living on Earth
2. Liquid crystals
Photo: William Hook / Flickr
If the Austrian Botanist and Physiologist Friedrich Reinitzer (Friedrich Reinitzer) did not open liquid crystals during the inspection of physico- chemical properties Different cholesterol derivatives in 1888, today you would not know what TVs with liquid crystal screens or flat LCD monitors.
1. Vaccine from polio
Photo: GDC Global / Flickr
On March 26, 1953, the American Medical Researcher Jonas Salk (Jonas Salk) announced that he managed to conduct successful tests of a vaccine against polio, a virus that causes a severe chronic disease. In 1952, due to the epidemic of this ail, the diagnosis was made by 58,000 US inhabitants, and the disease took 3,000 innocent lives. It spurned a solka in search of salvation, and now a civilized world in security at least from this misfortune.
Transcript.
2 03/01/1871 Gentry Brazli (New York, USA) Patented Margarine 03/01/1957 Swiss company Hamilton released the first electronic clock The device that did not need to start manually inside had a battery. The dial at the clock was not round, and triangular, thanks to which they became popular among fashionists different countries. And one of the first of their owners was Elvis Presley 03/01/1888 Marvin Stone patented his invention to drink cocktails and other liquids (in the Washington Patent Bureau for). And already in 1890, their manufacture has become its business 04/01/1885 in Iowa (USA) Dr. William Grant held the world's first successful operation to remove appendix 05/01/1927 in the United States Published the world's first underwater color photos 06/01 / 1939 In Berlin, scientists O. Gan and F. Starsman opened the division of uranium nuclei under the action of neutrons. Thus, the first step towards the use of nuclear energy was made. 07/01/1714 An Englishman Henry Mill patented a printed machine (which was never accepted for production) 09/01/1926 Sokolnic radio station. Popova held the first transfer of short waves in Europe
3 10/01/1863 In London, the first metro was opened in London (the draft invention was proposed in 1846 by Charles Pearson) 11/01/1922 In Canada, the first clinical test of insulin was performed in the treatment of diabetes. In 1923, F. Banting and D. Makrood for the opening of insulin was awarded the Nobel Prize 12/01 / 1839 in the USA for the first time anthracite used to restore iron in 13/01/1854 American Anthony Foss Philadelphia Patented Accordion 14/01/1690 in Nuremberg Johann Christof Denner invented Clarinet 15/01/1934 Frederick and Irene Jolio-Curie opened artificial radioactivity 17/01/1861 American Thomas Crapper Patented Bidet 18/01/1969 Astronomers of Arizona University in the USA first described Pulsar - Neutron Star with unusual properties. For this outstanding result, E. Hewish received the Nobel Prize in 1974. 19/01/1915 Parisman George Claude Patched Neon Promotional Sign
4 21/01/1796 Edward Jenner opened a method of claiming 21/01/1911 American Physician F. Raus first allocated a cancer virus on 22/01/1939 in Columbia University (USA) for the first time, uranium atom 23/01/1849 was issued a patent for a car The production of envelopes 24/01/1888 in the United States patented a tape for printing machines 24/01/1922 American Christian Nelson (pcs. Iowa) received a patent for the population of millions 25/01/1799 Inventor-Agronom Eliakim Spider patented seeder 26/01 / 1875 American George Green patented Bormashin, who worked from electric batteries
5 26/01/2001 Russian companies "Rossi-Trust" and "Aytem" have developed a microelectronic device "Talking Cork". She pronounces toasts at each discovery of the bottle and plays different melodies 27/01/1879 Thomas Alva Edison patents light bulb 27/01/1885 German engineers Mennesmans received a patent for seamless steel pipe rental 27/01/1926 Scottish inventor John Bard first demonstrated TV, based on mechanical system Image sweep 28/01/1935 In Germany, the first full-fledged artificial emerald G. Issig and his colleagues at the firm ... Although the first successful experiences are following by 1888 in France 29/01/1886 German designer Karl Benz received a patent for the invented Three-wheeled vehicle vehicle equipped with a gasoline engine-first car Benz 29/01/1896 American physicist Emil Grubbe the first in the world used radioactive radiation For the treatment of cancer 30/01/1894 in the United States patented pneumatic press 31/01/1839 English physicist John Tolbot in the Royal Society in London Made a report on the photograph of the photo
6 02/02/1892 American William Peitner received a patent for the familiar metal bottle cork with a cork gasket 02/02/1970 In one of the Munich clinics, the first nerve transplant was carried out 03/02/1957 French Chemist Nguyen Bow Hoi announced his discovery Tobacco Decientant Cancer 05/02/1850 In the United States Patented first countable machine Arithmometer 05/02/1861 American Colemen Sellers Patented a movie camera 05/02/1928 On this day in 1928, a gift was received by all residents of the planet, suffering from vitamin D, t. To. Vitamin D was obtained by artificially 07/02/1863 in Virginia (USA) AlanSon Crey patented the first fire extinguisher 08/02/1929 in Russian, a new word "helicopter" appears. So the aircraft designer Nikolai Ilyich Kamov called his invention the first helicopter Cascr 1 "Red Engineer"
7 09/02/1895 American W. Morgan from Massachusetts came up with volleyball 11/02/1809 Robert Fulton patented steamer 11/02/1893 Hungarian scholars D.Bankov and Ya. Chonka invent the world's first spray carburetor with a vehicle for cars (Austro patent -Vengria) 13/02/1895 French inventors Brothers Lumiere patent film projector 13/02/1946 Pentagon announced the creation of the first digital computer 14/02/1876 American inventor Alexander Bell demonstrated the first household phone 14/02/1946 in Pennsylvania University (USA) The world's first serial computer ENIAC 15/02/1930 was created by the shooting technique of widescreen films 15/02/1969 R.G. Edwards from the physiological laboratory of the University of Cambridge for the first time carries out artificial fertilization of the human egg 15/02/1970 in the USA in the US, specialists from IBM are inventing a flexible magnetic disk that computer owners can use for storing information
8 15/02/1985 In the US, the Cardiac surgeons begin to apply the arteries for cleaning the arteries 16/02/1903 for the first time for the filling of the teeth was used china 16/02/1937 Wallace Hume Carozers, the chemical class of DuPont, patented nylon 16/02/1978 in Chicago born First Computer BBS "Electronic Classified Ads 17/02/1818 Baron Karl von Derez Patent Dresin 02/17/1876 Julius Wolf from Estatt (PC. Maine) made the first canned food with sardines 18/02/1913 English Chemist Frederick Soddy introduced the term "Isotope" 19/02/1878 Thomas Alva Edison patented a phonograph. Talking machine, so he initially called his invention, to which he received the first patent 20/02/1872 in the US patented electric elevator 20/02/1937 American airliner Waldo Waterman completed the creation of the first car, able to fly (or aircraft who can ride)
9 21/02/1842 American John Greenau patented a sewing machine. When sewing on this machine, a coil with a thread was not used, and the required thread length 21/02/1858 Edwin Holmes was simply inserted into the needle installed in Boston (USA) the world's first electric hack protection system in Boston. Another inventor Alexander Bell enjoyed the Holmes workshop when he invented the phone. Dating two geniuses benefited both. Holmes became the first person who at home came phone 21/02/1932 American from Newark William Goodwin Patent photoExponometer 22/02/1946 Dr. Zelman Vaxman declares that he discovered antibiotic streptomycin 23/02/1886 in the American town Oberlin (PC. Ohio ) Charles Martin Hall opened a way to produce aluminum using the electrolysis process 23/02/1893 Rudolph Diesel received the German patent for the engine 24/02/1938 created in Arlington (pcs. New Jersey) appeared on sale First product from nylon Toothbrush 25 / 02/1836 Samuel Colt received a patent for a six-pass revolver. In the first years, colts with difficulty escaped bankruptcy, but with the beginning of the American War, it turned out that there is no more efficient for the rider of weapons 26/02/1895 in Ohio (USA) patented glass-flowing machine
10 27/02/1879 An artificial sweetener of Sakharin is opened. It was discovered by chance. Chemist K. Falberg forgot to wash his hands after experiments and went dinner. The invention was patented after 5 years 27/02/1883 The famous composer Oscar Hammerstin patented the first car, coarseing Cigars 27/02/1932 English physicist James Chanager opened Neutron (Nobel Prize 1935) 28/02/1893 In the US, Edward Gudrich Acheson patented the receipt method Powdered silicon carbide (abrasive) 28/02/1956 In the US patented a network cable for computers 01/03 / Summer Dmitry Mendeleev gave his first version of the table of a periodic system of elements based on the atomic weight communication hypothesis and some frequency of chemical properties 01/03/1928 In the US, Dr. Herbert Evans opened the sixth vitamin, respectively and called vitamin F 02/03/1791 in France new communication system Semaphore Telegraph was introduced
11/03/03/1921 Canadian physiologist Frederick Grant Banting together with other colleagues opened hormone insulin, for which he received 1923 by the Nobel Prize 04/03/1877 American inventor Emil Berliner created a microphone 04/03/1910 Colonel Army, military pilot and inventor Sergey Alekseevich Ulyarnin filed a request for the invention of control by a moving object at a distance using electromagnetic waves. 05/03/1868 In England, the stapler 06/03/1899 German chemist F. Hoffmann received a patent for aspirin. For a year and a half before that, he opened the therapeutic properties of acetylsalicylic acid, trying to find a medicine for his father, who suffered with rheumatism 07/03/1876 Alexander Grein Bell received a patent for a "talking telegraph" with a range of up to a half-kilometer. This is the birthday of the phone 07/03/1997, a cloned sheep Dolly appeared on the world (the lamb was reproduced in the Russian institute in Edinburgh without the participation of the genital cells) 08/03/1618 I. Kepler formulated the third movement law of the Planets: Squares of circulation times of the planets around the Sun belong like cubes of their average distances to the sun. The laws of Kepler will become the basis for the opening of I. Newton of the World of World
12 08/03/1952 Doctors in Philadelphia for the first time applied the "Artificial Heart" apparatus. For 80 minutes He supported the life of 41-year-old P. Duurring, while 9 doctors, 5 nurses and 2 techniques, stopping the work of the patient's heart, tried to find out the causes of the ailment 09/03/1822 Charles Graham from New York received a patent for artificial teeth 09/03/1858 The street mailbox is patented in Philadelphia 09/03/1959 In New York, a novelty of the Barbie doll 12/03/1791 was demonstrated in the toy fair 10/03/1791 Patent Copher to scoring piles 12/03/1896 in St. Petersburg with the help of A. S. Popov The first radio in Russia 12/03/1911 Dr. Fletcher from the Rockefeller Institute discovered the causes of children's cerebral paralysis 13/03/1781 Englishman V. Herschel, with the help of the telescope invented by him, opened the seventh planet of the solar system, calling the planet in honor of King George III "Star George. She then wore the name of Herschel, while the German astronomer did not come up with the name of uranium 13/03/1887 Chester Greenwood from the state of Maine Patent Headphones 15/03/1892 American inventor J. Reno (Jesse Reno) Patents First Escalator
13 16/03/1867 Frenchman J. Monie, a former gardener, patents the stressful concrete, which became necessary when erecting high-rise buildings 17/03/1845 Englishman Stephen Perry patented the elastic bandage 17/03/1960 in Japan invented multicolored markers 17/03/1950 In the US, an opening of the 98th chemical element of California was announced 18/03/1952 in Philadelphia. Artificial optical lenses 18/03/1931 The first electric razors are made in the USA 20/03/1902 N. Stabld demonstrated the first mobile phone while being with his The invention on the steamer floated by p. Potomac (Sev. America) 20/03/1934 In the harbor of Kiel Engineer Rudolf Koking, headed by the research laboratory of the Navy of Germany, first experienced radar 22/03/1841 in the United States Patents the production of starch
14 03/22/1904 In the London newspaper "Illustrate Mirror" for the first time in the world published colorful photography 24/03/1882 In Berlin, German scientific scientist Robert Koh announced the opening of the pathogen of tuberculosis. A year later he discovered the causative agent cholera. In 1905, the scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize 24/03/1802 English Inventor R. Treventik received the first patent for the locomotive 25/03/1896 A. S. Popov in Russian Physicochemistry Company Transmission of radio signal 27/03/1855 in the United States Patented Kerosene 27 / 03/1860 A resident of New York M.L. Byrne patented corkscrew. Without this invention can not do even modern ideas About electromagnetic interactions (in the physics "Corkscrew rule", and not a "bull", as incorrectly written in the textbooks proposed the creator of classical electrodynamics English physicist James Maxwell) 27/03/1878 Russian peasant F. Blinov filed a request for a patent for the patent Wagon with endless rails "(the world's first tracked tractor) 03/28/1797 In the US, a washing machine was patented 28/03/1940 American scientists announced the opening of a new Plutonium-239 isotope
15/09/1886 In Atlanta, Dr. and Owner of Pharmacies John Pemberton created Coca-Clause 30/03/1842 American Dr. K. U. Long from Jefferson (PC. Georgia) for the first time applied ether as a anesthetic to remove a tumor on the neck . But he published a report on experiments only in 1849, which served as a reason for challenging his opening from other physicians 30/03/1858 Heimeman Lipman from Philadelphia patented a pencil with erasing rubber 31/03/1896 The first Lightning castle is patented in the USA 31/03 / 1901 Created new standard Machines with an engine of internal combustion - the first car "Mercedes". The beginning of the dynasty, which later began to be called "Mercedes" (by the name of the daughter of the inventor of Daimler).
Inventions Calendar for 2017 year 60 years ago (03/01/1957) Swiss company Hamilton released the first electronic clock The device that did not need to start manually inside had a battery. Clock face
Calendar of inventions for every day A P R E L b 01/04/1890 Belgian emigrant Charles Van Depol received a patent for the first trolleybus 01/04/1889 The first truly functional dishwasher was created
History of the development of computer equipment 1. Mechanical computers (1642 1945) 1642 B. Pascal created for his father (tax inspector) the first * counting machine that only knew how to add numbers.
I. Requirements for the training of students in teaching physics in the course of grade 11 are applied verbal, visual, technical, modern training tools; Problem and developing technologies
Contents 1. Explanatory note 3 2. CONTENTS OF THE EDUCATIONAL Item 5 3. Organization of control 6 4. Requirements for the training level of 7 5 training. Educational and Methodical Provision 8 6. Material-technical
We are pleased to announce that C 26.01-05.02 decade is officially announced, dedicated to the great scientific discoveries in natural sciences! This week, each student of our school will have a unique opportunity.
Requirements for the preparation of students As a result of studying physics, the student must know / understand: the meaning of concepts: physical phenomenon, physical Law, interaction, electric field, magnetic field,
I quarter Number of electrodynamics bases (continued) 12 Magnetic field 5 1/1 Interaction of currents. Magnetic field, it 1 09/09/2015 Properties 2/2 Magnetic field of permanent electric 1 09/04/2015
Lesson number in order Calendar-thematic planning on class 9 physics for 2017-2018 academic year Teacher Namican I.A. Lesson Topic Number of hours Date of lesson Traffic and interaction
1. The content of the teaching subject section 1. Basics of electrodynamics (11 h) magnetic field, its properties. Vector magnetic induction. Lines magnetic field. The magnetic field action on the conductor with a current.
Lesson P.P. 1 Lesson theme 1. Magnetic field, its properties. Calendar and thematic planning in physics. Myakyshev G.Ya. (2 hours a week.) 11 Class Type of lesson Requirements for the level of training of students Additional
Requirements for the level of training of graduates As a result of studying physics at the basic level, the learner should know / understand the meaning of concepts: physical phenomenon, hypothesis, law, theory, substance, interaction,
We will study physics together ... 3 Electrodynamics Chapter I. Magnetic field 1. Magnetic interactions. Magnetic field ... 6 1. Interaction of permanent magnets ... 6 2. Interaction of conductors with current ...
Working programm In Physics F. I. O. Teachers of Bakhtiyarov R. G. Class: 9 WITHOUNDS FOR YEAR: Total 68 hours, 2 hours. 206 207 Explanatory note Work program in physics for grade 9 is compiled
Municipal budgetary general Education "The Lyceum named after Academician B.N. Petrova »The city of Smolensk agreed by Deputy Director Glushkova N.V. "_30" _08 206. Accepted at the pedagogical meeting
Subject Date Number Number of hours Calendar-thematic planning for physics Grade 10 (profile level) Knowledge requirements Form of monitoring Physics and methods of scientific knowledge 1 Physical laws and theories
Appendix to the OOP SOO Work program of the educational subject "Physics" Gos Classes 10-11 G. Lipetsk 2018-2019 academic year 1 Planned results of the development of the educational subject as a result of studying physics on the basic
Calendar and thematic planning for school year: 2017/2018 Option: / physics / Grade / Calendar - thematic planning Profile level 11 class, 5 hours / week, 170 hours. Total hours:
Abstract Physics Program Grade 9, 2017-2018 Uch. The work program in physics is based on the federal component of the State Educational Standard, the approximate program
Requirements for the preparation of graduates As a result of studying physics at the basic level, the student should know / understand the meaning of concepts: physical phenomenon, hypothesis, law, theory, substance, interaction,
Materials for preparing for testing in physics 9 Class Light reflection laws 1. In the figure showing the light beam, falling on the mirror surface. Specify which corners is an angle of falling? one)
Explanatory note Working program in physics for grade 9 is based on the following regulatory and guidance and methodological documents: - Federal Law of 29.2.202. 273-FZ "On
Working program about physics 9 Class Number of hours: 2 per week, 68 hours per year Working program is implemented on the basis of umk Pryskin A. V, Godnik E. m .:. Physics programs 7-9 - Godentik EM, Pyryshkin
The student should know / understand: to be able to require the requirements for the level of student training meaning of concepts: physical phenomenon, physical law, interaction, electric field, magnetic field, wave, atom, atomic
Working program of the educational subject "Physics", grade 9 Working program of the educational subject "Physics", 9 Class suited in accordance with the federal component state Standard general Education
Lesson Thematic planning In physics Grade 9 68 hours Content, topic, section K-at hours I quarter 8 Topic. Laws 26 of the interaction and movement of tel. The date on the plan is the actual date of equipment.
Radioactivity The opening of X-ray rays gave impetus to new research. Their study led to new discoveries, one of which was the discovery of radioactivity. From about the middle of the XIX began to appear
Working program in physics grade 11 (105 hours, 3 hours per week) Explanatory note. This work program is drawn up in accordance with the federal component of the State Standard of the Middle
Calendar-thematic planning P / n The subject of the lesson section number of hours 2 3 Theme. Laws of interaction and movement of tel. 26 Material point. Reference system. 2 Movement. 3 speed of uniform rectilinear
Municipal budgetary educational institution "Average comprehensive school»Work program for the training subject" Physics "for grade 9 by 68 hours. Compiled on the basis of the main program
Municipal autonomous general education institution Vostryakovsky Lyceum 1 "I approve" director of lyceum: Timofeeva L.V. Working program in physics (basic level) Grade 9 compiler: Siegeev Sergey
In the preparation of the program, the following legal documents of 10-11 skills were used by the federal component of the state standard of medium (full) general education in physics, approved in 2004
1. Explanatory note 1.1. In the study of the subject in the school curriculum, 2 hours a week are allocated, totaling 68 hours for the academic year. 1.2. Teaching training facilities. 1.2.1. Study kit: Gentendstein
Explanatory note. Working program in physics for grade 9 is based on the author's program "Program of general educational institutions in physics. Physics Grade 9. », Authors-compilers: Gutnik
Industrial Revolution: Achievements and Problems What is the feature determines the introduction of an industrial coup in the final stage? 1) replacement of manual work machine 2) the emergence of powerful industrial corporations
"Considered" Head of MO MOBOU SOSH 73 Cherkashin VB Protocol 1 of 30.08.2017. "AGREED" Deputy Director for UVA Shamanova V.Yu..08.2017. "Approved" Director of the MBOU SOSH 73 E.V.Vysotsky Order
The planned results of the learning subject) formation of ideas about the role and place of physics in the modern scientific picture of the world; Understanding the physical essence of observed in the universe of phenomena;
1 Electrical machine (alternating current) When: 1821, 1828, 1832, 1834, 1837, 1888 Where: United Kingdom, Hungary, USA, Russia Why: In the 20th century, many hoped that an environmentally clean electric motor
Working program in physics Grade 9 Developer: Petrenko TA, physics teacher 2017. 1. Explanatory note This program is based on the author's program of basic general education
The planned results of the development of the educational subject as a result of studying the course of physics 9 grade student should: know / understand the meaning of concepts: electric field, magnetic field, wave, atom, atomic core,
Explanatory note Work program in physics for grade 9 is designed in accordance with the Federal State educational standard Basic general education. The working program is designed
Content 1. Explanatory note 3 2. Content of the training subject 4 3. Organization of control 5 4. Requirements for the training level of students 6 5. Educational and methodical support 7 6. Material-technical
Planned results of studying physics in grade 9: a graduate will learn how to use terms: physical phenomenon, physical law, substance, interaction, electric field, magnetic field, wave, atom,
Working program for physics for grade 9. Explanatory note Working program in physics is based on the federal component of the state standard of basic general education and approximate
Light my, Tatyana Fedorovna Light Bulb Teacher Physics of the Higher Category GOU SOSH 1338 in-depth study of English language SAO Moscow. The path of development of artificial lighting was long and difficult.
Calendar-thematic (ate) planning of lessons _physics, grade 9 p / p Topics name, lesson I laws of interaction and movement tel material point, reference system 2 Move 3 Move with
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Pouring planning 10 class 1 Physics and methods of scientific knowledge of nature Introduction 1 hour Physics as a science. Scientific methods knowledge of the surrounding world and their differences from other methods of knowledge. The role of experiment
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Annex 10 The main educational program of the main general education of the GEF is approved by order of MKOU "Fedorovskaya SOSH" of August 30, 2016. 220 Working program of the educational subject "Physics" Main
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Who invented Radio Popov or Marconi? A longtime dispute about the priority of the invention of the radio (a selection of reasoning from the Internet and other open sources) in our country, they believe that Alexander Popov, in the West
I. Requirements for student training. Students should know: the meaning of concepts: mechanical movement. The relativity of motion. Way. Speed. Acceleration. Movement around the circumference. Inertia. First law
The history of the opening of the radioactivity French physicist A. Bakkrel on March 1, 1896, he found the emission of uranium invisible rays of strong penetrating ability in blauning a photoflastic. Soon he found out
Grade 1 1. Laws of interaction and movement bodies Question answer 1 What is called material point? The body, the sizes of which in the conditions of the problem under consideration can be neglected, called material
Working program in physics 9 grade CMK author Pryrickin A.V. For the baseline, composed on the basis of: "On approval of FBE and exemplary curricula for general educational institutions implementing
The history of the development of computing equipment at all stages of its evolutionary Development The man tried to mechanize, and in the future, and automate labor. In the field of calculations, people first used
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A coordinated at a meeting of the MO MBOU SOSH N106 "AGREED" 201_G "Approved" 201_G Protocol from the head of MO: / / Deputy Director for OIA: / Lapteva I.V. / Director MBSOSH N106: / Borovskaya OS / Working
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