Higher professional education in the specialty. What does the preparation direction mean? List of specialties and directions of higher education

The end of the school marks for many graduates of the beginning of a new life stage - entering from choice educational institution The future of the child depends largely, and therefore it is necessary to make it consciously. And the first thing to pay attention to is not the feedback or reputation of the university, but the compliance of the selected direction of preparation of the development of the institution.

Direction of training in the university - what is it?

Surprisingly, but, alternating with the place of receipt higher educationIt is important to navigate professional programs. The establishment of the Institution determines the presence of certain disciplines in accordance with before applying for admission to the selected university, it is necessary to first familiarize themselves with its educational program.

So what does the direction of training mean? For the implementation of the fundamental curriculum Standards were approved by the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, therefore, for each level of higher education today there is their GEF. Accordingly, it is unacceptable to conduct training on a undergraduate or graduate school specialty. So, our country guarantees the functionality of the created system of professional personnel of various profile and specialization in which the national economy needs and the entrepreneurial sector needs.

Relationship of GEF and specialties

Each GEF provides dozens of enlarged areas of preparation, which, in turn, include several specialties. For example, 11.00.00 "Electronics, communication systems and radio engineering" is a basic enlarged direction with the specialties:

11.03.01 "Radio engineering".
11.03.02 "Nanoelectronics".
03/11/03 "Construction of electronic means".
11.03.04 "Communication and Infocommunication Systems".

Profiles of destinations and specializations in universities

Next, it is necessary to name the division into profiles in the direction of education provided federal standards. At the same time, each remains the right to create unique education profiles in the appropriate procedure and approval by their ministry.

For example, the profiles of the specialty 01.03.04 "Applied Mathematics" can be offered in the university as follows:

Ensuring mathematical and algorithmic systems and information technology.
Mathematical technique in information technology.
Applied informatics in chemistry.
Modeling and mathematical methods in the economy.
Providing artificial intelligent systems and programming.

What is the difference between the directions and the specialty?

As already mentioned, it is necessary to approach the choice of preparation and specialty. Despite the common blocks of fundamental disciplines, which are included in the educational program of profiles of specific specialization, each of them has unique items that take into account the specifics of the graduate profession in the future. That is why, getting acquainted with the list of preparation directions, applicants should know that they all may include dozens of profiles. For clarity, as an example, the specialty "Construction" should be considered, which involves the options of professions in non-anything common areas of construction:

"Construction of hydraulic structures."
"Construction of industrial buildings."
"Erecting hydroelectric power stations and pumping stations."
"Urban construction and economy".
"Real Estate Examination and Management".
"Packing roads and construction of airfields."
"Ventilation and engineering systems."
"Construction and computer simulation".

How to choose the future profession?

Thus, it is necessary to get acquainted with the educational program long before submitting documents to the university. After all, having received an idea of \u200b\u200ba professional discipline curriculum, it is easy to guess, the owner of which profession will be a graduate of the institution.

At this stage, it is important not to be mistaken with the direction of training and the profile, respectively. Often, unintelligible applicants often confuse the fact that the specialties have almost identical names, despite the cardinal differences in blocks of professional disciplines. As a result, students acquire knowledge that do not correspond to their initial aspirations and plans, which means that at the exit from the university they receive unequal opportunities for successful career growth.

Where to find information about profiles and specialties in an educational institution?

The list of areas of training and specialties can be found on the official website of almost any university, but quickly find profiles and the corresponding educational programs are unlikely to succeed. The thing is that the statutory documents of the institution are obliged to publish data on quotas of budget and contractors for a particular specialty. The university may not detail professional programs related to each direction. At the same time, most educational institutions with a transparent reputation do not hide education profiles and indicate them in the "Reception Commission" section.

This information may be contained in another section of the site. Often information about profiles is present in the description of the university itself, its structure. But if the list of directions for the preparation and specialties of higher professional education is open and accessible to each site visitor, then information about profiles is often listened to applicants. The reason for this may be unpopularity and unclaimed educational program Compared with a specialty, which sounds more prestigious and attractive for incoming. Such an unscrupulous step is undoubtedly beneficial to the university.

The main differences of the specialty from the profile direction

By the way, in the context of the foregoing it is worth noting that the majority of applicants do not see fundamental differences in the concepts of "direction" and the actual "specialty". In fact, the general of these two terms is not so much. The main difference lies in the difference of periods of learning. In accordance with the knowledge of the directions, bachelors and masters have been obtained for four and two years, respectively. Here, it is more likely to talk about the form of training that meets European standards and to students of the widest range of opportunities for building a personal learning plan. Thus, by the time of the end of the undergraduate, students become owners of diplomas about higher education, which allows them to officially employ.

But for those graduates who would like to continue their studies to enhance their qualifying level or change the professional direction, there is a magistracy. Upon graduation, a graduate can become the owner of two professions and two diplomas about higher education.

How not to be mistaken when entering a specific specialty?

When choosing a specialization and profile, only attentiveness and caution will save coming from making an error. Unscrupulous educational institutions in order to increase income are sometimes included in the list of professional programs profiles that do not correspond to their general specialization.

The most common and profitable from the point of view of the commercial provision system educational services are "Design" profiles, "economy", "management", "jurisprudence", and therefore when entering the university, for which these specialties are not profile, it is not necessary to lose vigilance and be relaxed - it is likely that this educational organization puts the goal to correct financial position.

As a rule, universities who teach technologists or biologists, builders and engineers do not produce a set of students to radically different from the basic areas of preparation.

The main signs that the direction does not correspond to the highlight of the university

Of course, the exceptions are from all the rules, but in order not to get on deception, it is advisable to conduct a serious analysis of the institution before submitting documents. Special attention should be paid to the following points:

there are no budget places on the selected profile;
the number of contractual places is significantly dominated by the rest of the specializations;
a completely unique name of the profile, which is not found in other universities (it may, of course, and a sign of a unique training program in the profile university, but can also carry another goal - to change the usual content to the unusual name to stand out from the background).

Most higher education institutions have the balance of contractual and free places on this or that specialty. Survived universities have more budget seats For students than paid. The predominance of contracts for programs over free is a reason for additional collection of information on the quality of the quality of the educational services provided in this organization.

How important is the right choice of professional destination and specialty?

After reviewing the list of specialties and areas of preparation of higher education, remember that the university is not only the place of study of students. Each university can be called a place to accumulate knowledge, the development of the scientific school and the formation of new ideas about scientific and technological progress, culture and art. However, it is impossible to focus the forces in all directions at the same time.

The activities of institutes, academies and universities, proven decades, is based on their core profile. Taking a decision on admission to a non-core educational institution, a potential student seriously risks to get an education not enough. Right choice professional program And the specialties are a chance to realize your dream and to become whom I wanted since the time of school bench.

After long-term preparation and surchase EGE In front of the applicants there are a dilemma - what universities in Moscow it is better to choose to become a popular specialist? The capital provides all the chances of getting a profession on any profile, so it is sometimes extremely difficult to decide. A decisive factor can be the location of the educational institution or the cost of training. Today, applicants have the opportunity to assess all the advantages and disadvantages of the selected institutions, having previously examined on the site of universities in Moscow, their curricula and privileges.

Varieties of higher educational institutions Russian Federation

Under the highest educational institution is a facility that provides higher professional educationconfirming the diploma and carries out scientific activities. Moscow universities are divided into state and non-state (private). They can have branches in other cities and towns.

Each university has its own charter and is considered an autonomous subject of legal relations. The university must have a license confirming the right to keep educational activities. Higher educational institutions are undergoing state certification for gaining accreditation, which gives the right to issue a state-owned diploma to graduates. Includes in private universities in Moscow, it is necessary to pay attention to accreditation and license.

Conditionally universities in Moscow, it is customary to divide on humanitarian and technical. Training in universities lasts 5-6 years. Today there are daily (full-time), evening (part-time) and calm shapes learning. The most relevant forms of learning remain remote and audit.

At the moment, such types of higher educational institutions operate in the Russian Federation:

Federal universities are the most promising and demanded universities in the territory federal District, education centers and science;

University - educational institution of various professional areas with a large set of training programs for different areas knowledge, from technical to humanitarian;

Academy - Releases specialists of various directions of human activity (health care, tourism, finance, economics, agriculture, art, education, construction, etc.);

The Institute is preparing specialists at a certain direction and type of activity.

Scientific research can be carried out in universities of any type, but in universities, often there is more opportunities to create serious studies. The rating of Moscow universities makes it possible to find out how well it is equipped with a particular educational institution, whether it is possible to conduct practical research, to conduct fundamental scientific activities. Those who want to study languages \u200b\u200bshould first find out if university or institute provides language practice And where it passes. The teaching staff, technical equipment, the presence of the necessary equipment, premises, and so on also plays a major role.

Most popular universities in Moscow

The capital is a huge number of diverse educational institutions. Over the years, they are becoming more and more, new branches, school studios, business schools, offices are opening. Thousands of applicants from Moscow and other cities of the country are trying to enter the university to acquire a decent profession.

The Rating of Moscow universities shows that the Moscow State University and Trust in students enjoy consignment and confidence. M.V. Lomonosova, Moscow Physics and Technology, Moscow State technical University them. AD Bauman. The Top leaders also included MGIMO and the Ural Federal University.

The popularity of rating universities is caused by their richest history, highly qualified teaching staff, equipped with modern equipment and other privileges. Studies in these universities prestigious, honorable and promising. Graduates of cult educational institutions get the opportunity to occupy the best posts lead scientific activities in different countries. In addition, in state universities there are benefits, a hostel is provided and a scholarship is paid. In private universities, these moments are negotiated separately.

For many years, Moscow's rating of Moscow is headed by Moscow state University named after M.V. Lomonosov. It is worth noting that Moscow State University is the only university of the Russian Federation, which is included in world rated educational institutions. In 2014, the Expert RA Agency was first and the only one in the CIS assigned the Moscow State University Rating class "A", which speaks of a "exclusively high" level of graduation training.

In Moscow State University, 41 faculties are valid, 15 research institutes, more than 300 departments and about 5 branches within the CIS. The university produces bachelors, specialists and masters. In research centers and faculties operate 4 thousand teachers and professors, approximately 5 thousand researchers.

At the university there are: scientific Library, scientific Center, Student Theater, Research Zoological Museum, Herbarium, Alpslub, Creative Club, Archive, Museum of History, Museum of land ownership, Botanical Garden, Yacht Club, Editorial periodic publications University, squad of nature conservation.

Among the MSU graduates there are government officials, influential politicians, the winners of the Fields Prize and Nobel Prize. The most famous graduates: Nikolai Nikolayevich Semenov, Ilya Mikhailovich Frank, Boris Leonidovich Pasternak, Lev Davidovich Landau, Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov, Peter Leonidovich Kapitsa, Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev.

Moscow Physico-Technical Institute - Leading Technical Russian State University, which is preparing specialists in the field of mathematics, theoretical and applied physics and other disciplines. There is a university in the Moscow region in the city of Dolgoprudny, other branches are located in Moscow and Zhukovsky.

The educational activities of MFTI are aimed at the preparation of engineers and scientists in the current areas of science. The university produces specialists in such areas: "Applied Mathematics and Physics", " System analysis and management "," Computer Security "," Applied Mathematics and Informatics "," Informatics and Computing Technique ". In 2014, the Agency "Expert RA" awarded the university in the rating class "B", which means "very high" level of graduation preparation.

Moscow State Technical University. AD Bauman was founded back in 1830. Educational Status - National research University Techniques and technologies. The main industry is mechanical engineering and instrument making.

MSTU is preparing graduates in more than 70 specialties. Dmitrovsky and Kaluga branches operate. In 2014, the Expert RA Agency estimated the university with the rating class "B", which indicates a "very high" level of graduation training. Many specialists, immigrants from MSTU, tied their professional life with the design and scientific activitiesare employees major enterprises Mechanical engineering and instrument making.

MGIMO or Moscow state Institute International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation is one of the most authoritative educational institutions of the country. At the moment, the institution is preparing specialists in 12 educational areas, including: an applied economy and commerce, international economic relations, journalism, international relations, political science, international law, regions, public relations, public administration, international Business and business administration.

The university includes 6 institutions and 8 faculties. Also operates the military department on which officers are preparing - military linguists. In MGIMO at the moment they are trained 53 foreign languages, including Russian. During the number of languages \u200b\u200btaught, MGIMO was listed in the Guinness Book of Records. The Expert RA Agency in 2014 appropriated a MGIMO rating class "B", which means "very high" level of graduation preparation.

One of the leading universities of Russia with the federal level status is considered Russian University Friendship of peoples (RUDN). His the main feature is multinationality. Students, interns and graduate students represent more than 450 nationals from more than 145 countries. In groups of university and hostel rooms, the principle of tolerance and friendliness is observed.

Survived educational institutions in Moscow and region

The most successful and demanded higher educational institutions of Moscow: Russian Economic University named after GV Plekhanova, Moscow State University of Management of the Government of Moscow, Moscow State University of Communications, Academy of Social Administration.

Famous universities in Moscow: the first Moscow State medical University named after I. M. Sechenov, National Research university of Technology MISIS, Moscow state Academy Veterinary medicine and biotechnology them. K.i Scriabin, Moscow State Engineering University (Mami).

The high level of education is offered by Academies: All-Russian State Tax Academy, State Classical Academy named after Maymonide, Russian customs Academy, Russian Academy Justice.

Moscow universities include institutions of various focus. Those who want to buy a creative profession should examine the requirements and terms of the following institutions:

Higher Theater School named after M.S. Shchepkin;

Moscow State Academic art Institute named after VI Surikova;

Moscow State Institute of Music named after A.G. Shnitka;

State Music and Pedagogical Institute named after MM Ippolitov-Ivanova;

Boris Schukina Theater Institute;

Studio School MCAT;

Humanitarian Institute of Television and Radio Broadcasting named after M. Litovina;

Literary Institute named after A.M. Gorky.

In Moscow, universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Emergency Situations and the FSB of Russia are valid. Universities of military directions are distinguished by special charter and high demands for candidates. There are rigorous selection and testing, based on the results of which is credited to the university. To become a student of the university of the Ministry of Internal Affairs or the Ministry of Emergency Situations, it is necessary to possess a good physical form, preferably, discipline. Such universities include, for example, the Academy of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation. The recruitment of the Academy is carried out by the territorial bodies of the FSB. Before submitting documents to a university associated with the defense of the Fatherland, it is necessary to critically assess its capabilities and abilities. The candidate for the Academy of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation should be morally and physically strong, is ready to serve in different parts of the country after graduating from the university, it is unquestioned to comply with the Charter.

We invite you to familiarize yourself with the existing higher educational institutions of Moscow and the Moscow region and choose the most optimal option. Our site has an effective search for a suitable educational institution. You can enter the district you need and the city district, as well as set the required location: regional area, settlement, metro station.

Take advantage of a convenient search system that divides Moscow universities in the main categories: new educational institutions, alphabetically, by rating, according to reviews. Thanks to this separation, you can quickly choose or find the institution of interest. In addition, on our site you will find information on private universities, colleges, technical schools, schools, kindergartens. Here you will find topical news and articles on education, in demand by professions, will learn interesting Facts About various institutions.

The section is given full list specialties of higher vocational education as well detailed descriptions Directions of training and curricula in Russian universities. In each of the selected subsections, you can choose exactly the specialty from the list with which you would like to read and read its detailed review.

Rating specialties
According to the readers of the portal

All specialty higher education

The new list of specialties of higher education and thematic areas of training of bachelors, masters and specialists approved on September 12, 2013 by order of the Ministry of Education and Science No. 1061. Since 2014, all higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation are assigned to graduates of qualifications that correspond to names and codes enlarged groups and the preparation directions listed in this list. Before the end of training undergraduate students, graduate and specialist enrolled in day and correspondence compartments Universities until 2013, all universities, academies and institutions have the right to issue diplomas about higher education with qualifications registered in the list adopted in 2009 (as amended by government and the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Education and Sciences during 2009-2010) .

Universities and specialties are grouped by profile directions - this will facilitate the selection of the profession and educational organizationin which it can be obtained. The list is creative and technical, applied and academic, common and unusual specialties. The standard set of items for which marks are needed for admission, additional exams and work prospects after the end of the university will help to navigate in the diversity of professions and make the right choice.