Olga Vasilyeva: you need to abandon the term "educational services". What is "quality of education"? What does Vasilyeva talk about additional education

The new Minister of Education Olga Vasilyeva raised the intensity of the discussion about the Soviet school to a new level:

• one pole praises Soviet school and dreams of canceling all the reforms, just to return to her fruiting roots,
• another calls the myths to achieve the Soviet school and leads to the proof of alternative arguments.

It turns out a conversation blind with deaf with the gradual strengthening of each in oh believed. Of course, in strict accordance with scientific data on the ability of people to listen to logical arguments.

In essence, this is the same discussion that is conducted on the results of education, education monitoring, assessing the quality of education. With full respect for her scientific component I would like to pay attention to the management aspect, because any scientific model has conditions for embodiments and applications.

It is the applicability of criteria and assessments that combines two people seeking to meet each other discussions of scientists and consumerists. Words are those and others pronounce one, and the meanings imply quite different. If scientists sometimes indicate somewhere in the corner of their work, what exactly understands under the words used (although the definitions are lost in subsequent discussions), then in domestic disputes do not even think about it. For household discussions, the comparison of different criteria is characterized (and not the measurement results) and the dispute about their significance. Strictly speaking, this means a drastic discussion about values, and not about the indicators.

Where without exam?

The exam, like any measuring instrument, evaluates itself: This is the ability of the subject to solve the tasks that are presented in this particular examination sheet. The exam can be focused on personal dimensions or to the rating - it depends on the selection of tasks.

The system of relations during the exam is important, because it affects the motivation of all its participants.

In a classic education model, when training is reminding the processing of parts on the conveyor, the exam resembles the military reception of serial electronics: that marriage is that in the consumer goods, which is on the military, which is in space. .

• The student on the exam is in stress and hope for a higher status. Because it is not worried about the truth, but "size," you can "go in all serious".
• The examiner turns out to be in a dual position: he and demiurge for each subject, and responsible for the excesses. If he is also a teacher subject, which is typically for exams on the traditional Soviet scheme, then it is also indirectly certified. So, no matter how proudly cut into disciples, he is also interested in the maximum "size", but is cumulatively, and not personally (which does not exclude private interest as such).
• The administrator of the organization, conducted by the exam, dreams of getting rid of it with minimal troubles. The honesty of the exam and the accuracy of the results for him is not an independent value. If "their" students are examined, it is also interested in the highest "sizes". If students of another school are examined, and their own - somewhere else, then both administrators understand the likely interdependence of relationships.

Thus, all participants in the traditional final exam are interested in the maximum value of the assessment, and not in its objectivity.

The share of the honesty of the exam results is highly dependent on personal qualities responsible persons that in conditions of cynical consumer relations is a dubious barrier. That is why, if there is an external order for honesty, you have to put up with increasingly significant costs that work only until the key will find them.

Introductory versions of examinations are not very interesting: even the most buried lovers of the traditional examination scheme well remember corruption scandals and understand their inevitability. As an antithesis, they lead to a change in corruption scheme from university to items surchase EGE or on buying answers. Some universities and in the new conditions find loopholes for manipulation in receiving campaigns. Significant confirmation of the advantages of some forms of exams before other personally I have not seen. In addition to creative universities, where the lack of informal competencies is an obvious obstacle to learning.

What is the evidence of the exam?

The exam is an exam subject, therefore only the subject competencies of the student also estimates, the ability to solve problems on this subject. No duplicating stories about "he does not take into account" do not matter because the task of the EGE Do not even appreciate how much rising students in the ability to solve. Before EGE, two tasks:

• confirm the development of the subject at the level sufficient to issue from school,
• competition a barrier to the university.

None for the first, nor for the second should not be assessed in full, the development of software requirements is banal barrier tasks. And there is no reason to accuse the exam in the incompleteness of the problem of the problem. Is there a reason to believe the last scheme of local exams more fully assessing? If even yes, why set such a task? And who should do it?

The last scheme was built under a specific program or even under a specific teacher. It could create the illusion of a "comprehensive assessment".

In reality, the local assessment of the local exam measured the opinion of the local examination committee on the subject. From the position of the student, it only complicated the process of passing the exam, forcing it to adapt to unique local requirements. As in any non-standardized process, someone has given advantages, someone - on the contrary. Otherwise, the complete incomparableness of the results and the opacity of the examination process with all the consequences. What a useful student made it from learning, is not determined by the exam, which he will forget the next day, and the learning process and the needs of the student itself.

• First level - identification of threshold values \u200b\u200bfor school learning. Judging by repeated facts to reduce threshold values, the task of the release from school today is formal. And this is right: to return to the class of a failed student who has reached a certain age, it is not necessary for anyone - this is an excess headache and for a student, and for school. Both sides are not interested in this.
• The second level is to identify threshold values \u200b\u200bin each university to enroll applicants.
• Monitoring level - generalizing ratings on teachers, schools, municipalities, and so on.

Fortunately, last time when summarizing ratings were used to "assess the quality of education": the exam has nothing to do with the quality of education in understanding even the developers of the EGE. But the presence of numbers could not leave officials indifferent until they were torn on the background loud scandals From the very top.

What do international ratings assess?

Different international ratings rank countries on the generalized results of solving certain tasks based on national samples of subjects. The sample is trying to make a presentative and valid. As far as it is possible, the question to the specialists in diagnosing - I have not met claims for the wrong sample.

But only primitive managers can set the tasks to "rise in international ratings" without determining the goals of the national education system. There is a known since the 70s of the last century, the Gudharta (Lucas, Campbell) principle, which makes it takes care of managed indicators carefully, so as not to turn control into profanation:

Ratings are good for analysis, are not subject to reporting, as long as pure uncontrollable indicators. However, even observation affects the results, since it draws attention to the features that can remain out of the attention zone without ratings. Once he paid attention, it inevitably began working with the identified aspect.

The result of education

It would seem that there is a definition of the concept of "education quality" in the thesaurus of the Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" (paragraph 29 of part 1 of article 2):

... A comprehensive characteristic of educational activities and training of a student, expressing their degree of compliance

federal State Educational Standards, Educational Standards, Federal State Requirements

and (or) the needs of physical or legal entity, in the interests of which educational activities are carried out,

including the degree of achievement of the planned results of the educational program ...

Nevertheless, numerous studies and publications offer other interpretations of this phrase. For example, in one of the first articles issued to search in the network, Stankevich E. Yu. "To the issue of assessing the quality of education" (2013), on the very first page there is a whole range of options from different authors.

The definition in law is quite flawed, since the first part of it is determined by the function of state educational organization. The failure to fulfill this function is entitled administrative consequences. Second part organic for the sphere additional educationwhich satisfies the needs of legal entities and individuals. In addition, the definition in the law limits the evaluation of the student.

The definition is useful in the proposed context except for use in the body of the law itself, where it is found eight times.

• The first problem for me is the interpretation of the word "education", since there are many meanings in it, right up to mutually exclusive - all of them are represented by me in a separate selection. The most conflict meanings of the "assessment of education quality" may be contexts "Evaluation of the quality of education system" and "Evaluation of the education of trained". Moreover, in the first version, many revigances, since various levels can be understood under the system: from the entire system to a particular teacher. In addition, in practice the word "education" is often used as synonymous with the words "training". Without clarification, it is impossible to deal with the meanings of both phrases.
• The second problem see an angle of control: Whose result and for whom? We are accustomed to making quality assessment from an administrative position, and today the controlling position of the trainee itself becomes relevant. Once the educational service is already declared in the law and frankly in demand by the new subjectivity of the modern student, its controlling functions are also taken into account, even if not everyone wants to use them. Parent or employer may also be a point of interest.
• The third problem seems to me the unequivocability of all possible combinations of the subject of the assessment, so that it is easy to manipulate multi-valued phrases for all occasions.

It is more useful to exclude multivalued wording, despite their popularity, in favor of more accurate and specific descriptions of the subject of the assessment. Or use them exclusively in the context of the law to exclude other options as inadequate.

For me, education and training is not only not one and the same, but also fundamentally different concepts from the point of view of the subject of the assessment:

• training - the process of external influence (teacher for a student) for the formation of the promised competences
• education is a personal learning process of competencies that can pass in the form of external training (teacher)

In training, the acting subject is a teacher, and in education - a student. At the same time, training is specifically, and education is abstract (nothing is not limited and is not measurable).

Thus, in my terminology, it is impossible to assess the quality of education in principle - it is possible to estimate some specific competencies acquired in the education process.

And how they are purchased - by learning, self-study, reflections or discovery - it does not matter.

What can I appreciate?

"The results of mastering the main educational programs", Accordingly, paragraph 3 of Part 3 of Article 11 of the Law" On Education in the Russian Federation "must meet the requirements of modern GEFs. Of those described in the standard, personal, meta-delta and subject results, only subjects are subject to assessment. At the same time, the specific "mastering results" on subjects are determined on the basis of the educational program of the organization, and not according to GEF. The fact of mention of personal and metaPered results The standard forms a well-known discourse of building educational programs. And this is very good. But it also states, in fact, the complexity and ambiguity of the task of assessing these results, to derive them, thus, from our discussion of the problems of the formal assessment of the results.

Important modern discourse - assessment of competencies. But here is not easy. Many specialists are skeptical about the diagnosis of competencies and argue about determining the concept. It causes confusion. A close concept of competence. I understand some of the competence professional qualityallowing a person to confidently perform the tasks of a certain type. Owning competencies means a full-fledged skill in the traditionally Russian sense of the word. Test it without a risk of tune the trial task I do not see the opportunity.

The ability to solve problems on the routine is also competence, but it does not follow the competence on the calculation of the bridge, for example.

The competence approach promotes the scope of education in the formulation of tasks in front of the system, but it also has disadvantages. In the article Vladimir Nikitina, an important passage was announced, who helped me understand that he always oppressed me at a competence approach: "The idea of \u200b\u200bcompetencies is an idea of \u200b\u200bfragmentation". Without the integrity of the system, fragments live in themselves without forming a holistic significant entity. Their beauty is in the flexibility of identifying and adding new elements of the mosaic in a holistic picture of education. Fashionable arguments about the "skills of the XXI century" suffer from this fragment: they can be planned, cultivated and even evaluated, but they do not develop themselves into a whole. Only everyone himself in moderation will integrate them. As it happened before: the teacher in various campaigns spent something and reported, and a student from these campaigns built something his own. And his real skill is based on its integrating abilities. How do we estimate them? And can we? And necessary?

Since the analysis is needed, I propose such a terminological database:

• Specific aspects of the process (on specified criteria): conditions, organizational and methodical support, Instrumental saturation and others.
• Quality of learning As the reflection of the learning process can be estimated only on the basis of criteria that are formulated by the Customer of Learning. If there is no, the estimate may be extremely subjective and informalized, based on satisfaction. Different participants in the educational process will have different assessments, depending on their conscious or unconscious learning goals and role in the learning process. With high probability, intuitively summarizes different stages from waiting and goals at the beginning to emotions at the end with a support for the change of changes in the process.
• Results of learning as changes that occurred at the end of training - Acquired competencies, costs of organizing training, learning efficiency, new knowledge or aspects identified in the learning process and decent accounting in the organization of the following training. You can enable satisfaction from the process as an emotional process result. Different participants may have different assessment priorities.
• The result of education for a particular person - His picture of the world is currently with self-propelled in it: connections, dependencies, ways of interaction, expectations, opportunities, desires, goals, changes plans.
• Results of the education system- the state of science, culture, technology, labor market; Values \u200b\u200band expectations of citizens, ways and nature of their interaction, attitude to other people and countries in the world.
• Quality of education of a particular person (education)- Compliance with his ideas about the world of the tasks that he decides or is going to decide.
• Quality of education system- Compliance of the education system by the needs of citizens, citizens' satisfaction with the conditions for obtaining education. For each level of the system, the level of compliance should be assessed: from the tasks of learning specific competencies to the needs of the entire society and the state, in particular science, culture, technology, labor market.

I want to pay attention to that these terminological clarifications go beyond the formal terminology - this is a valid other picture of the assessment, initially distributing objects and subjects of the assessment, taking into account different interests. The traditional integrally indispensable "assessment of the quality of education" subconsciously leads all estimates on the administrative field.

You can try to evaluate all the listed parameters, but the most relevant, in my opinion, there must be standardized competencies, or skills. They are claimed. They are checked. They can serve as a landmark for everything else. For example, if they are obtained in the learning process, they are its result. The competence by solving some type of tasks traditionally defines the exam. Whether the exam must be used to assess the competencies, is determined by the assessment requirements. This is just one of the options.

How to replace the final exam?

The current situation is characteristic of the transfer of an accent from training as a traditional production conveyor for interested training on the initiative of an active motivated student. Unfortunately, not all students are ready to play such a role, but it is precisely such students are the most passionars and effective for educational results countries. Therefore, such a learning model should be considered as desirable and targeted. So, the model of the old exam as an administrative control tool for a negligible student should be changed to another, organic for an independent active student. But without prejudice to negligent, which are quite a lot.

Since the learning result is interested in different participants in the educational process from different parties, they together form a public interest in honest result - in contrast to the traditional exam. If you use the experience of organizing an exe to create a network of independent permanent evaluation centers that could be guaranteed and honestly assess the level of standardized competencies in all existing areas of knowledge, it will simultaneously remove all claims to the exam as a final exam (it will not be) and build a flexible The contour of state control over the education system.

Centers of competencies are interested in honesty - this is the main value of the business conditions. Such centers make an unnecessary and meaningless mark as an administrative instrument at school and in any other educational organization: the level of knowledge in all areas and at all levels at any time, at any time, only a certified center is evaluated. Such centers provide declared law on any forms of education organization, because everyone learns where and as he wants, but confirms the results at any time only the center: learn in any rhythm, pace and direction.

The removal of the evaluation procedure into independent structures and the abolition of its binding to time leads to a radical change in the system of relations - makes a student and an educational organization with equal independent players.

Each person begins to build an assessment of his competence and respond to it.

Educational organizations lose control over the planning of the training of a particular person and should be interested in interesting programs and qualitative learning. Only the authority and benefit of the educational organization will be able to attract and retain a student with such a scheme for evaluating results. An active student will look for more efficient ways of learning. Passive student will choose the minimum costs of physical and mental effort. But any student himself is the initiator of testing, because he needs to make its results with all educational and personnel transitions. This result is its confirmed competence and at the same time he indirectly forms the generalized characteristics of the effectiveness of the education system.

So that such a scheme is more productive, it is worth changing the traditional educational censes in the form of certificates and diplomas for flexible developing as needed "", asking for training space. Movement on them can form flexible personal profiles. Matching them with competence profiles, people will take to work and study, identify development zones when designing a career. Naturally, digital form - paper confirmation of the educational cenas is already outdated and are an amazing rudiment of the paper era.

Conclusion

Discussing quality in the field of education, it is necessary to leave unproductive terms, use more clear names for each of the aspects that are really subject to evaluation. This will make more deeply comprehend the multiple roles of the participants in the educational process and their goal.

First of all, it is necessary to limit the use of the word "education", which too much generalizes the variety of meanings covered by him and prevents the discussion concentration on its specific aspect.

It is important to realize the difference in the concepts of "education" and "training", which is noticeably deeper than we are used to thinking.

In the overwhelming majority of modern references under "education" means "training", which could be acceptable for a long time ago, but not now. In a professional environment, it would be worthwhile to consider the consumption of the word "education" in the expansion sense, without clarification or with the presence of a more accurate unequivocal term.

No matter how we discuss multiple sense of learning outcomes, the real and most popular monitoring can only be conducted on the basis of specific criteria and reliable tests. They are needed to all participants in the educational process as a regulator of educational and labor relations. But not as checking the details at the exit from the conveyor, but as a voluntary certification of a free interest in learning or man's work. Old educational censes based on certificates and diplomas exhausted themselves. The methods of their confirmation have been exhausted. Reliable independent system of verification of developed competencies, providing transparent network access to all legal entities and individuals interested in building educational or labor relations, would be a rod modern system Education. Some participants in the process would fill its subjects and evaluation criteria, others would build training programs, third-based educational trajectories would be built on the basis of the educational opportunities.

You can only talk about what you can only speak when there are multiple goals, the choice, criteria for achieving the goal and a reliable control system for borrowing. A wide selection and transparent control will remove the lion's share of the problems that we have long and quite unsuccessfully discuss in the field of education.

The Minister of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Olga Vasilyeva in a conversation with the correspondent of Izvestia Alexander Krasnoggorod told about the basic foundations of education, the transfer of schools to regions and human values. Material published on August 2 on the website of the newspaper Izvestia.

To take the exam even under the cameras - it's easier than 6-7 old exams, astronomy returns to the school program again, 55 thousand new in Russia will appear in Russia. classroomsAnd schools from the municipal subordination are moving to the regional. The Minister of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Olga Vasilyeva told about it in an interview with Izvestia.

Olga Yuryevna, August 19, will be a year from the moment of their appointment to the post of Minister of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. What could you notice how to achieve and, on the contrary, what could not be solved?

The year was very complicated and interesting. I managed to figure out what was, and to understand where to move on. For example, federal state educational standards (GEF) 2004 were very vague, they lacked the most important thing - the content of education. Therefore, the key task was the filling of standards with basic base bases.

They differ from the previous ones that the content is spelled out. I want to note that on July 24, the ministry completed a two-week public discussion of projects of new standards. We have seen great interest from the expert community and understanding the need to change. Users could watch each object, what basic content the child should know in each class from the first ninth. More than 7 thousand people were connected to the discussion, almost all reviews were positive, and we received almost 200 specific proposals. Now these sentences are being worked out in detail, after which projects will be transferred to anti-corruption examination. This is important for teachers, and for parents, and for the child himself.

If we create a single educational space, then there should be a conceptual vision, standards, on the basis of which we write textbooks. 1423 textbooks in the federal list - it is unthinkable. Many discussions were about the historical and cultural standard, nevertheless, our guys are going to study this year on textbooks written on the basis of historical and cultural standard. I emphasize that we are talking about two or three line of textbooks, among which there must be basic and in-depth textbooks.

Here are the main tasks in school education that stood in front of me in the first year.

- There are tasks that I wanted to solve, but not yet succeeded?

Being an emotional man, I still try to soberly assess what I do. Of course, not everything turns out. I have enough opponents, I always invite them to a dialogue. If you think that something bad, come and prove, explain how to make better together.

My most important care is pedagogical education, teacher training, otherwise we will not be able to solve all tasks. There will be no revolutions here - I only for the evolutionary way. All new - well forgotten old, but in new technological realities.

These are the preparation of the subject certification of teachers. We have a wonderful idea that will very soon lead to life - the national system of teacher growth. It is primarily about building a system for improving the quality of teaching and training of the teacher's corps.

Order Develop a system of teacher's growth The President of Russia Vladimir Putin made on the basis of the meeting of the State Council on the Improvement of the System general Educationheld on December 23, 2015.

In particular, it is necessary to form a national system of teacher growth, which will determine the levels of ownership by professional competencies of pedagogical workers, confirmed by the results of certification. The opinion of graduates of general education organizations is also intended, but not earlier than four years after their learning in such organizations.

Tasks ahead more than managed to do.

Your address is the critical statements regarding the re-charges of schools to the regions. Opponents say that in this case the municipalities will not have motivation to attract additional funds in the institution.

We already have two regions that work according to such a scheme - Moscow and the Samara region. In this question, they say numbers for themselves.

For example, in the Samara region, the change has made it possible to reduce the share of expenditures on the maintenance of education authorities. From 8.2% to 3.1% of the industry budget. And such a remarkable indicator: over the past six years in the competition "Teacher of the Year of Russia", three winners and one absolute winner - representatives of the Samara region.

Moscow, according to the end of 2016, ranked sixth in the international ranking of Pisa educational systems, which is considered the largest international study of the quality of education. This system estimates the literacy of school students aged 15 in reading, mathematics and natural sciences.

Plus the regional subordination is that the meaningful part is lined with tougher and clearer, and the financial party becomes more transparent. I see many advantages of transmission of schools to the regions. When my opponents say that it will be bad, I invite to the discussion.

- Is it possible to call a successful program for the consolidation of educational institutions?

Everything is individually. In Moscow, for example, consolidation in the overwhelming majority of cases is absolutely justified. This is optimizing management, the number of managers from education decreased by 3%, the salary of teachers rose, the quality of education was higher. But we cannot do this in each region. In the Pskov region, for example, there is a school on the island, where there are three student. I can not be any consolidation there. The nearest school is on too much distance, we can not carry children so far.

- Can I sum up the results of this year? And what changes are planned to be introduced in the near future?

The results of the USE this year is better than in the previous one. And this is the merit of Rosobrnadzor. For four years, the perception of the exam has changed, awareness came, that this is a state-state certification, and not to buy a test.

In that year of ege Passed 703 thousand people, of which 617 thousand are graduates of 2017. Violations are fixed one and a half times less than last year. It is especially gratifying for me that this year almost twice the guys in comparison with the last year over all subjects overcame the lower score. In the Russian language, the number of students who did not overcoming the minimum threshold was reduced - 2 times, in history - 2 times, in physics - 1.6 times, in literature - 1.5 times, according to basic mathematics and geography - almost 1.5 times, social science, computer science and english language - on a quarter.

Tests remained only in the oral exam foreign language. We are currently discussing, in which regions next year we introduce the oral part in the ninth grade in the Russian language as a pilot project. Two years later, we plan to distribute it throughout the country, and the necessary recommendations have already been prepared.

Experts are alarming, because, according to various estimates, 25-45% of our children are lost functional reading. The child reads the text and cannot retell the content. I fully agree with the fact that it is a big problem that needs to be solved.

- What would you answer opponents of the exam, noting the incredible nervous tension in children when passing the exam?

People either forgot how many exams they handed over, or they are younger than those who passed 6-7 exams. I am sure that you ask the country to pass six exams, it will be even more difficult.

- They say it is hard to pass under the chambers ...

In order for in Singapore to stop throwing cigarettes past the urn, there were cameras on the streets. We have passed four years of the new format of the exam. I believe that we have achieved great success.

The most important thing is that the content changes. The main thing is to change the attitude towards the exam as a scattering. We teach children, they are not afraid, because they come to pass exams according to the material studied. So once taught us. There was no wild fear. We returned an essay as a tolerance to the exam. Russian oral will pass to GIA in the ninth grade.

Many people refer to the experience of past years, preparation for three exams cause fear, and how will we take six exams? It is necessary not to do scolding, but to teach so that the student can pass the exam. This is the same exam, only in a different form. But when we studied at school, we did not have such fear over the exams.

- What is the difference between the Soviet and Russian graduates of the school?

It is difficult to imagine the Soviet graduate with such information potential, surrounded by such a huge base in all-fat gadgets.

Of course, the possibilities of modern children graduate twenty years ago were unavailable. But those children were, in my opinion, inquisitive, more interested, because it was necessary to attach more strength to get an answer to their question. It was necessary to find a book, see, analyze. There were no such volume of finished essays and all sorts of answers.

I am completely for the "digit" in education, but totatu primarily for the head. All accelerated, but the head remained and should remain with any tools. The most important task of the teacher is to develop and instill a desire to learn.

- Teachers on the ground understand this?

If a person believes in what he does, then he will definitely receive a result, even if he has no girlfriend, but there is a charge that he comes to a child. If you are indifferent, you are not interested, you are bad, nothing will happen.

This year in 15 regions of the teacher are ready to undergo subject certification - on the knowledge of the subject. These will be Russian and mathematics. This is not an "ege for teachers", in no case. The goal is to analyze the situation together with the regions and build a system of advanced training for those who need it. I believe that every teacher must improve the qualifications: subject or in another area, but every three years to grow constantly. Then there will be a result.

Today, the regions are actively working to create large educational centers, and their creation and work are reflected at the level of education of the entire subject. This is Moscow, St. Petersburg, Perm, Kirov, Tyumen, Leningrad and Moscow region, Tomsk, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg. There are the results of evaluation work, including international, very high.

In addition, our schoolchildren show high results and internationally. We are talking about international olympiads: in physics - five gold, in chemistry - 3 gold and 2 silver, in mathematicians - gold, silver and bronze. This suggests that much is done to support talented children. And I want to give even more. It is necessary to remember the optional and circle work.

- What objects are missing in the school program?

Many experts state the redundancy of objects. Talking about increasing or reducing the load on the child, of course, cause a reaction in society. But there is a subject that, in my opinion, should not cause big disputes and doubts is astronomy. From September 1, 2017, she triumphantly returns to school Program Course at 35 hours. Paradox: The country, first-flying in space, there are no astronomy in schools, but our young men are in a row in a row in the midst of international olympiads on astronomy.

In addition, I am convinced that the school should play chess. It is difficult to argue with statistics. In our country and abroad in children who play chess at school, performance indicators are higher by 35-40%. This intellectual game Developing a child. It is important that the techniques are so good that the teacher primary classes Maybe very calmly learn to play chess and teach children. Children should engage in chess at school in non-current time is free. And also must be free sports sections, literary circles, musical. It turns out a classic set of five directions. You can talk about the skills of entrepreneurial activity.

there is extracurricular activities - Mandatory 10 hours that need to be used. It's small things - you need to want. Recommendations will be sent to regions. By the way, 42 schools play in the Samara region in chess. The Tyumen region plays, the Khanty-Mansiysk District plays. Huge regions in which they play everywhere. Interest in chess in society is returning.

You list what was based on the Soviet formation, lost in the 1990s with an educational basis.

That's right, education is upbringing and training. You can educate in the lessons of literature, history, extracurricular musical classes. Value things still carries a humanitarian block, although the chemistry teacher and physics will always bring them into a lesson - he and the teacher. It is very important with what the child will go to life.

- How does this correspond to the challenges of today - the new technological revolution?

I have all my heart for new technologies. But how does the "digit" change human values? Love, mercy, compassion, pity, ability to rejoice, laugh, love for work is rarely directly directly related to the "digit", but are directly related to school. It is there that we can talk about human values \u200b\u200bif the family does not speak about them. The depth bases are laid in the family, but the school has always helped and will help it in this. I am proud to say that in Russia more than 9.5 thousand free psychological and pedagogical centers for parents, where you can get a consultation of a psychologist, a teacher-psychologist. The number of such centers grows and will grow.

- Any caregiver always has a whip and gingerbread. What could be a whip in school?

My deepest belief that the knut is not needed with the kids. A little man should not have chaos. There must be a change of activity and a clear idea that he does now, will do after 10 minutes, after 15. Explain what is good, and what is bad, we start from birth, so I do not see tight whips here. And most importantly - love.

IN adolescence You need to explain, talk about situations that may be. This is a very difficult period in life. Teenager - like a crystal vessel.

- And in the angle to put on peas?

As a parent I can say that peas, probably not our technique. But the prohibitions should be. What is possible, and that it is impossible, a small person should know from the very beginning. You need to explain constantly. Understanding does not come about.

Let's return to the urgent educational issues. Where is the problem of school construction costs particularly acute?

Problems in those regions where there is a third shift. This is Dagestan, Chechen Republic. This problem needs to solve this second - there should be no third shift. The government allocates 25 billion rubles for the construction of new schools. And this year we will have 55 thousand new places. The program this year participates 57 regions. We hope that this year will complete as well as the past.

In addition to the reserve fund, we allocated 3.8 billion to schools in the regions of the North Caucasus. We hope that we will build additional schools According to the program of development of the North Caucasus. It is very important that schools will be with modern equipping, beautiful laboratories. It will not be just buildings, not just chairs and tables. Build huge schools per 1.2-2.2 thousand people and very little rural schools.

How do you assess the level of education of modern university graduates? According to many experts, they are not so easy to find a job. Employers believe that they do not know anything.

Young people and 20 years ago they said that they did not know anything, just times were different. The level of preparation is not so bad, as I would like to imagine someone. Of course, we will do our best to become better. It is necessary to change the legal framework so that the company or the company does not say that it is necessary to work experience in order to work for work. There are already developments that will allow the guys to start working. This is the support of the most talented, and student innovative enterprises, and the laboratories that are already there. Innovative enterprises that are created in universities can continue to work after students finish study. Many forms of work and within NTI. We have a good experience that can be repeated in new realities.

Head of the Ministry of EducationOlga Vasilyeva believes that from the field of education it is necessary to remove the term " educational services"She stated about this at the All-Russian Parent Meeting.

"We need to just change, and it needs to be done now, today and immediately, the attitude of society to the ministry of the teacher. We must disappear, go services. Services cannot be in the field of education," Vasilyeva said.

She noted that from the point of view of the legal protection of the teacher, everything you need. In addition, Vasilyeva said that "it is necessary to form the right attitude towards the teacher's profession, including with the help of cinema."

"Fears, probably in vain": Vasilyeva called on parents not to be afraid for the future of education

The head of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, August 30, in Moscow at the All-Russian Parental Assembly and called on parents who were alarmed by the forecasts appeared immediately after her appointment, which now Orthodox education in schools will be introduced from the first to the 11th grade, not be afraid for the future Russian educational sphere. The live broadcast of the meeting from 12:00 Moscow time was conducted on the website of the Ministry of Education and Science.

"In order not to continue scary, education is that the sphere where there should be a translational movement. I said several times that we should see, evaluate what was, to take the best thing, and move forward. From this point of view, fears Probably in vain, "- quotes from the speech of Vasilyeva" Interfax ".

During the meeting, the parents of schoolchildren turned to the head of the Ministry of Education and Science with their questions and, in particular, complained about the third physical education lesson introduced into the curriculum from September 1, 2011, calling this lesson uninteresting for children and burdensome for teachers.

The head of the Ministry of Education and Science offered to approach this lesson creatively, for example, by connecting it with music. "What prevents us from making rhythm or sports musical dancing?" - said Vasilyeva, actually repeating the proposal of the Moscow Department of Education, recommended A variety of fitness classes, martial arts and sports dancing to improve the quality of physical education lessons.

"We think little and make for the artistic education of our children, musical education. You can make a third lesson - rhythm, sports movements to the music," said Vasilyeva, stressing that "the third hour does not prevent anyone." "Maybe this will be some PA, if you want. It's good to move - this is a posture, a healthy spine, the movement for the music is health," the minister added.

"Natasi" - verb inappropriate ": tests in physics, chemistry and biology disappear from the exam

Vasilyeva came out that school training was replaced by the "shattering" on the tasks of a single state exam. "I am categorically opposed to the scattering on the exam at the posturn time - officially as part of the school." Natasy "- verb inappropriate," she said (quotation on Interfax).

According to her, the exam will gradually improve as needed. The Moscow Agency reports that from the exam in physics, chemistry and biology in 2017 will disappear test tasksAnd in the main state exam in the Russian language and literature an oral part will appear. "From the exam in physics, chemistry, biology, test tasks will be removed, for the first time the ninth classes will hand over the oral part of Russian and literature, we will make analysis and will move on to the older classes," said Vasilyeva.

Answering the question of how to deal with the tutors who are offered to prepare for the exam, the minister expressed the opinion that they can teach answer the test questions, but will not replace the teachers and will not give deep knowledgewho should give the school.

"The EGE makes it possible to act from very distant regions. the best universities. Here you need to follow the way of improvement and improvement: to go on the quality deepening of the state itself and content, the filling of the exam, "the Minister of RIA" News "quotes.

"Just prepare for the exam without passing the entire program it is impossible. You can go through the business offer - for God's sake, the buttons guess, guess right. But ahead of the university, the first winter session, where the buttons do not need to be pressed. Why come on rake?" Said the Minister. "The child must be prepared, and already prepared, it is easy to respond to tasks," added Vasilyeva.

About vocational guidance of children in schools: "The main thing, want to do it or make it do"

Vasilyeva made a vocational guidance of high school students, reports TASS. "Schools need to relate to this seriously and make every effort so that career guidance in schools," said Vasilyeva. She added that all the necessary mechanisms and conditions in schools needed for this. "The main thing is to want to do it or force it," the minister stressed.

The school should be profile internet replacement

The Minister believes that a modern child will turn out to distract from the Internet with the help of circles and active activities at school.

Federal portal Russian education " Causes such a fragment from Vasilyeva's speech: "Parents, at home you can do our best to block programs and computer games that are selected so much time. You can limit downloading files that do not have to download - it's at home, here you have the right to decide what Access to you to limit. "

"As for the school, I believe that the school should be a profile replacement. This means that the child and we should try. It is necessary for him to do active activity: circle work, Sports, Music, Technical Creativity, to distract him from the desire to be all the time in the network, "the minister said.

She added that in October there are lessons, training safety when working with the network. According to the Minister, in this matter the parents and the educational system must work at the same time, since the school computer has a child spends less time than at home.

The five-day will not affect ten- and eleventh graders

Schools, according to Vasilyeva, will gradually move with a six-day for a five-day school week. "About the five days. Today we have in many schools, and the process that is now going, is a gradual expansion of the transition to the Five Day," the minister said, answering the question of parents that children do not have time to relax in one day . She added that at the same time does not concern the tenth and eleventh grades, reports Interfax.

The minister also stressed that the sanitary standards of the permissible maximum audit burden on children in school should not be violated. "No one can load you anymore," Vasilyeva said.

"We will do our best to ensure that we do not only have a third shift, but also the second - the 2025 program already acts, develops, will be executed," - quotes Vasilyev portal " Russian education".

It led the standards of permissible audit load. According to her, schoolchildren in the second-fourth grade should study 26 hours a week, in the fifth grade - 32 hours, in the sixth grade - 33 hours, in the seventh grade - 35 hours, in the tenth - eleventh grades - 37 hours.

All-Russian parent-teacher meeting It takes place in the format of video conferencing with direct inclusions of the ten regions of Russia. This is the third assembly, the first took place in 2014.

Without a small year ago, in August 2016, Olga Yuryevna Vasilyeva was appointed Minister of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. In such subtle spheres, changes occur slowly, and the results generally make themselves known through the years. Nevertheless, analyzing the proclaimed, started, made by the new minister you can and need. About what was able to achieve O.Yu. Vasilyeva for the year of work as a minister and what awaits Russian schoolchildren and students in the coming academic year- In the material profiok.com.

Attention to teachers

Olga Vasilyeva immediately said that one of the main tasks considers the strengthening of the prestige of the teacher's profession and improving the quality of pedagogical education. "My most important care is a pedagogical education, teacher training, otherwise we will not be able to solve all the tasks," she repeated in a recent interview with the newspaper Izvestia.

Recall that the Russian President Vladimir Putin in December 2015 gave instructions to develop a national system of teacher growth. The bottom line is that work on improving the quality of teaching and training teachers will be carried out continuously: teachers will constantly improve the qualifications. Ideally - every three years.

The idea, according to the minister, "very soon will be implemented." To begin with the certification of teachers. It is necessary in order to determine their level of proficiency in professional competencies. While the certification will be held in 13 Russian regions, which expressed such a desire. Of course, no punishment for those who show unsatisfactory results, we are not talking. Just research will help to understand how it will be necessary to build a system for improving the qualifications of teachers, to pay attention to first. In the future, when building this system is planned to take into account the opinion of graduates secondary schools - A few years later, after they finish school. Works and on the preparation of the professional standard of the teacher, who must be adopted by 2020.

Qualification qualifications, but the teacher's profession is in many ways and "human factor". As Olga Vasilyeva loves, education is not a service, but a mission combining simultaneously learning and upbringing. It is important that teachers feel the attention of the state, and society, finally, appreciated the importance and value of the school teacher. Here I want to say, for example, that the final of the competition "Teacher of the Year" by the efforts of Olga Vasilyeva last year was not somewhere, but in the State Kremlin Palace. In June of this year, the graduation classes mentors whose pupils distinguished themselves during the final certification, adopted Vladimir Putin in the Kremlin. By the way, Olga Vasilyeva, Olga Vasilyeva, asked President to show a concert dedicated to the Day of the Teacher, on one of the central channels. "In the country, five million teachers who have never seen a concert dedicated to the Day of the Teacher, in Prime Time," the minister said, adding that the personal presence of the president at the concert coinciding with the final of the Teacher's Teacher's Competition, and was at all Would be "great happiness." "Well, let's do," the head of state replied.

At the time of the arrival of Olga Vasilyeva in the Ministry of Education and Science, the current federal state educational standards (GEF) were too vague. They did not have an answer to the main question: what should the child know and be able to be able to know. Therefore, it was decided to fill these standards in content. At the end of July, a public discussion of projects of new standards from the first ninth grade ended. Now they are clearly written that the child should know in each class for each subject. Standards have not yet been approved, but it is clearly moving to a logical conclusion. It is important that a large number of experts took part in the discussion and preparation of these documents: there is a chance that nothing critically missed will be missed.

GEF changes are only part of the work on the creation of a single educational space. The idea of \u200b\u200bthe Minister is simple: moving from school to school, including changing the city of residence or even the region, the child should not experience any problems with the school program. At the time of arrival of Olga Vasilyeva in the Ministry of Education and Science, the federal list contained 1423 textbooks. The minister immediately said that it was too much - and by the end of the year I achieved some skills. For example, since this school year, schoolchildren will study on textbooks written on the basis of the approved historical and cultural standard, and there will be such textbooks for only two or three rules. For the current year, the development of concepts of teaching physics, chemistry, biology and foreign languages \u200b\u200bis also planned.

At the same time, Olga Vasilyeva believes, children should not experience any overloads. The school schedule should be drawn up so as not to force children to hide in eight lessons per day, leave them time for homework, sports and other extracurricular activities. By the way, in school plans there are so-called extracurricular activities - the required 10 hours of free lessons after class. According to the Minister, it should be sports, technical creativity, music, literature and chess. About Chess Olga Vasilyeva recently speaks often. It turns out that there are statistics: children who play chess, an average of 40 percent higher performance ( true, maybe, on the contrary, chess are interested in the most capable? - PROFIOK.COM.). Chess are good not only by the fact that the child is developing, but also by the fact that they do not require large financial investments or organizational events. There are developed techniques, and any teacher can master chess and teach this children.

It is especially necessary to say that from September 1, the Russian schools return the course of astronomy in the amount of 35 hours. Returns, according to Olga Vasilyeva, "Triumphal". Indeed, the situation was paradoxical: in the country, decades of leading in the development of space, they did not study astronomy in schools. Despite the fact that from this year the subject will become mandatory, its introduction is carried out sufficiently gently: for example, schools can decide with what half of the year to include astronomy in the schedule and in which class it is to study - in tenth or in the eleventh. All-Russian checking Astronomy will begin in 2019, the exam is not planned at all.

New quality of ege

Regarding the exam, you can often hear discontent, but if you carefully look at these surveys, it can be noted that among the opponents of the exam - mostly, representatives of the older generation. The youth has long been used to you who have already got used to, or it has time, and in the consciousness of the very young schoolchildren of the exam existed almost always.

The undeniable and important merit of the EGE is the role of "social elevator". Before the introduction of the EGE, many capable children from the province have almost no chance to enroll in the "advanced" metropolitan universities.

As for the system itself, it is constantly improving. This year, test tasks were removed from the exam in physics, biology and chemistry. Thus, the test part remained only in the exam in a foreign language.

The results of the EGE-2017 were better than last year: a much less violations were recorded, a much larger amount of graduates coped with overcoming the minimum threshold. About corruption during the examination for a long time nothing is heard. They say, there was the only way to get a guaranteed "stubborn" - send a child for a year to study in Dagestan. Wishing, it is clear, not very much, besides, there were other ways to get into the desired university - for example, subject olympics or targeted training.

Olga Vasilyeva constantly suggests that it is impossible to treat the EGE points as a goal and turn learning at school to prepare for the exam. According to her conviction, the school does not have important and unimportant, necessary and unnecessary items. The student must fully master the school curriculum, and then take the selected exams without any stress.

In order for schoolchildren to pay attention to all subjects, checks have appeared. After it turned out that schoolchildren lost the skill of the so-called "functional reading", that is, the ability to retell read, came to talk about the introduction of oral tests in the Russian language in the ninth grade, and the admission to the exam in the 11th grade was an essay. Since 2020, it is planned to introduce a mandatory eg on history, from 2022 - in a foreign language.

Training of specialists

This year the chances of entering budget places In universities have 57 percent of school graduates. Compared to previous years, the number of budget seats has not decreased, but they redistributed in accordance with government priorities: more - on engineering, technical, pedagogical and medical specialties, less on legal and economic. High scores EGE - not the only way to get into prestigious university. The passage to admission may also be victory in subject OlympiadsThe list of which is approved by the Ministry of Education and Science (this year there were a little less than a hundred). Another way is to enter into an agreement on targeted education with an enterprise or the region. Training will be free, but a graduate in this case will have a three-year compulsory working out.

In any case, the future employers, and the state, and the students themselves began to understand that thinking about future work at the fifth year of the university is too late. University graduates are often complaining that the device does not always pass smoothly: employers either require work experience, or prescribe a nicely salary to a novice specialist, because the first time it will still have to donate. The plans of the Ministry of Education and Science - first, the change in the legal basis so that it is easier to make specialists without experience. Secondly, students will be able to start working in their specialty already during study. This will be done at the expense of the creation of the basic departments, the passage of practices in enterprises, the creation of student innovative enterprises or laboratories. New forms of work for students will be created within the framework of the National Technological Initiative. In addition, universities will soon become the centers not only applied knowledge, but also science. One of the priority projects of the Ministry of Education and Science is called "universities as the centers of space of creating innovation." University will be chosen in each region, where the university science will focus. It is assumed that it will become a socio-economic, scientific and cultural center for the development of its region.

It is worth noting and success in the development of average vocational education. Recently, many guys have not come to university after school, but in college. And even if it is only a step for further path to the university ( bypassing EGE - Profiok.com), the overall level of students of the institutions of the SPO, the level of teaching, the equipment of these educational institutions is constantly growing. Interregional communities of competencies are created to improve training conditions. By 2020, in our country there will be twenty such centers. It is already known that in 2018, more than a billion rubles will be allocated to support regional programs for the development of vocational education from the federal budget. By the way, the line between graduates of colleges preparing specialists for high-tech industries, and universities gradually erased: the modern worker is often not different from the engineer or a high-class programmer. Therefore, within the framework of the WorldSkills Movement, to which Russia has joined several years ago, championships for students of universities are held. Perhaps one of the participating students will choose a modern profession associated with real production.

Evolution as style

Despite the fact that in the education system recently changed a lot, Olga Vasilyeva does not make any sharp movements. "The system of education conservative and does not tolerate revolutions," the minister says often. All changes should be only evolutionary, gradual, delivered. At the same time, it is necessary to rethink and use the existing experience. "All new is well forgotten old, but in modern technological realities," the head of the Ministry of Education and Science said in one of the recent interviews.

The minister refers to the new technological realities with understanding: where are it without them? NTI projects are discussed, online education platforms are launched, official accounts of the ministry in social networks appeared. Olga Vasilyeva understands that modern children and adolescents are surrounded by such a number of information that they are difficult to compare with Soviet schoolchildren - the reality around the other. But this understanding does not hit the minister from the chosen course at all: in her opinion, new times did not affect fundamental, basic things.

"I am completely for the" digit "in education, but the utility is primarily behind the head. All accelerated, but the head remained and should remain with any tools. The most important task of the teacher is to develop and instill a desire to learn, "says Olga Vasilyeva. And since the principles underlying the education system are not changed, it means that you can use past experience and take the best, say, from the Soviet education system. And human values \u200b\u200bthat form a school have nothing to do with the times or technologies. "Is any school of the XXI century should not educate a person who respected his people, valued work? And isn't you a young man to inspire that he should work for the benefit of himself and his country? " - Certain the issue of the Minister.

Many consider Olga Vasilyev a conservative. Actually, she herself recognizes that in everything that concerns school and pedagogy, she adheres to conservative positions. With this approach, changes occur slower, however, possible destruction or errors are minimized.

Summing up the year she held in the post of Minister of Education, Olga Vasilyeva noted that the year was interesting and difficult, and how one of the achievements noted that it was possible to deal with, and to understand where to move on. It is not necessary to iron it here - for a one-year period, it is not so small for a year, and the presence of a clear strategy is half the success of any serious event. However, as the minister said, "tasks ahead more than managed to do."

- on behalf of the President of the country, Vladimir Putin, there is a formation of a single educational space. Could you tell us more, what is the essence of this idea?

- Thank you very much for such an important question. Education is always, in all periods of our history and leadership, and citizens, because there is not a single person who would not be associated with education. Of course, the question of a single educational space is directly connected - and has always been connected - with a very important problem: national Security. There is a question here before the country, whom we are preparing, whom we learn, whom we bring up to whom we can convey the country tomorrow. That is, today the student today is a child, and tomorrow is a citizen, whose shoulders will be liable for the country.

The concept of a single educational space includes several directions. But the most important thing is that we invest in our learning that we invest in education. Because education is learning and education, it is dualism, which is difficult to break, whoever spoke. If we speak at the simplest level, then what is this initiative? To know exactly what a child, leaving one school and moving to another, sat down at the desk, opened the textbook, for example, mathematics and began with the place where he finished reading in the previous school.

In this case, a single educational space implies several steps. The first step is, of course, creating a content - what and how we teach. There were standards that we all knew and on which we lived, which were good for their time. But every time requires a certain adjustment. When we are talking about the content of education, we need to know the core of what we will teach.