Lesson planning on the topic: "West Siberian Plain (North Kazakh Plain) (FGP, geological structure and relief, minerals)". Characteristics of the North - Kazakhstan region Borders of the North Kazakhstan plain

10.07.2009

301. Lake, located within two parts of the world

302. The scientist who proved that soils are fertile and are distributed on the Earth in a regular way, depending on the characteristics of the climate and plants

Dokuchaev

303. Correct Statement about Soils

Soil formation is a very long process

304. The correct statement about the soils of Kazakhstan:

Brown and gray-brown soils occupy 44% of the territory of the republic

305. The formation of the parent rock of the soil begins with the process

Weathering

306. An area rich in chernozem soils

North Kazakhstan

307. The main grain-growing region is called the territory rich in soils

Chernozem

308. Soil fertility on the territory of Kazakhstan increases with the advancement of:

From south to north

309. Highly fertile soils:

Black earth.

310. There are natural zones in the plain part of Kazakhstan

311. Natural zone entering Kazakhstan only with its extreme southern protrusions

Forest-steppe

312. A small part of the West Siberian Plain and Upland, General Syrt is occupied by

Forest-steppe

313. To the south, the forest-steppe smoothly turns into

314. The steppes of Kazakhstan are dominated by

Feather grass, fescue.

315. Steppe mammals include

Gophers, jerboas.

316. Natural zone covering 14% of the territory of Kazakhstan

Semi-desert.

317. Large area the territory of Kazakhstan is occupied by a natural zone

318. The driest natural zone

319. Plain, the southeastern border of which runs along the coast of the largest lake on Earth

Eastern European

320. River East European Plain

321. Natural territory, within which are located: Mangyshlak plateau, Ustyurt, Kyzylkum sands, Moinkum

Turanian plain

322. Sandy plain located in the lower reaches of the Chu, Sarysu, Talas rivers

323. A small part in the north of Kazakhstan is occupied by

North Kazakh Plain.

324. Esil forest-steppe is a natural-territorial region

North Kazakh Plain

325. Sokolovsko-Sarbayskoe iron ore deposit is located on the territory

North Kazakh Plain

326. Natural region of Central Kazakhstan

Saryarka

327. Tengiz-Kurgaldzhinskaya depression is concentrated on the territory

Saryarki

328. The sources of the rivers - Emba, Irgiz, Tobol are in the mountains

Mugodzhary

329. Natural-territorial region, including Lake Zaisan

330. Mountain system, located between the Alakol depression and the Ili river valley ...

Zhungarskiy Alatau

331. The northernmost high mountain range of the Tien Shan

Zailiyskiy Alatau

332. There are mountains between the Zaysan and Alakol depressions

Zhungarskiy Alatau

333. On the slopes of the Talas Alatau and Ubagansky ridge of the South Kazakhstan region there is a reserve

Aksu-Zhabaglinsky.

334. Reserve of Kostanay region

Naurzum.

335. Reserve of Akmola region

Kurgalzhinsky.

336. Reserve based on the island of the Aral lake

Barsakelmesky

337. Reserve, the lakes of which are considered the northernmost nesting site of pink flamingos in Eurasia

Kurgalzhinsky

338. Desert Zone Reserve

Ustyurt

339. There is a nature reserve within a picturesque lake in the Kazakh part of Altai.

Markakolsky

340. The ancient Bayanaul mountains are located within the specially protected territory, called

National Park

341. Zerendinsky state reserve is located in the region

Akmola

342. Protected natural object of the East Kazakhstan region

"Rakhmanovskie keys"

343. "Rakhmanov keys" refer to specially protected objects called

Wildlife Sanctuary.

344. The area of the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan

2724.9 thousand km?

345. Place of Kazakhstan in the world in terms of occupied area

346. In the north, the border of Kazakhstan runs from

347. The border of Kazakhstan with China passes on

Location of the area

Severo-Kazakhstanskaya oblast (kaz. Soltustik kazakstan oblysy) is one of the fourteen oblasts within Kazakhstan. The region is located in the northern part of the republic, formed in 1936. occupies the southern edge of the West Siberian Plain and part of the Kazakh Upland (Sary-Arka). The territory of the region as of January 1, 2010 is 98.0 thousand km². The straight line distance between the extreme points in the north - south direction is 375 km, west - east - 602 km. The coordinates of the northernmost point are 55 ° 26'N. NS. and 68 ° 59''E. etc., extreme south point- 52 ° 13 's. NS. and 67 ° east. etc., extreme west point- 54 ° N NS. and 65 ° 57'E. d., the easternmost point is 52 ° 50 's. NS. and 74 ° 02''E. The northern half of the region's territory is occupied by the Esil plain, the southern half - by the Kokshetau Upland with the Zhaksy Zhangyztau mountains (730 m), Imantau (661 m), Aiyrtau (523 m).

Regional center name

The center of the region is located in the city of Petropavlovsk, which is located on the Ishim River and was founded in 1752.

Transport accessibility

It borders in the north with the Kurgan, Tyumen and Omsk regions of Russia, in the southeast - with the Pavlodar region, in the south - with the Akmola region, in the west - with the Kostanay region.

Population

The population of the region as of January 1, 2010 amounted to 643.3 thousand people. The average population density in the region (per 1 sq. Km of territory) is 7 people.

Soil

The soils are mainly represented by chernozems with red-grass-herb vegetation and birch-aspen groves in the northern part of the region and birch-coniferous forests in the southern upland part.

Vegetation

North Kazakhstan region is located within the forest-steppe and steppe zones. In the forest-steppe, the southern forest-steppe and the split forest-steppe are distinguished. The southern forest-steppe occupies the north of the region and is represented by a combination of birch and aspen-birch forests on gray forest soils and malts with forb-cereal meadow steppes on leached chernozems and meadow-chernozem soils; sedge bogs are found, sometimes with willow thickets. Kolochnaya forest-steppe occupies most of the North Kazakhstan region. Aspen-birch outcrops form sparse woodlands on solods. Forb-feather grass steppes prevail on ordinary chernozems, mostly plowed. The forested area is about 8% of the territory, the forests are mainly birch.

Hydrography

The rivers Ishim (690 km within the region), Akkanburlyk (176 km), Imanburlyk (177 km) flow through the region. On the territory of the region there are 3425 depressions of existing and disappeared lakes. Mostly fresh. The largest of them are: Shagalalyteniz (267.4 km 2), Teke (256.6 km 2), Seletyteniz (750.3 km 2), Ulken Karaoi (305.5 km 2), Kishi Karaoi (100.8 km 2) ), Aydabol (15.5 km 2), etc. The lakes of the Kokshetau Upland are distinguished by the greatest depths: Shalkar - 15 m, Zhaksy-Zhangistau - 14.5 m, Imantau - 10 m; dominated by lakes with depths less than 3-5 m. The Sergeevskoe reservoir was built on Ishim (area 117 km 2, capacity 695 million m 3).

Geographical position... This plain occupies a small part in the north of Kazakhstan. In the south, it borders on Saryarka. In the west, it stretches in a narrow strip to the Trans-Ural Plateau, in the east in a strip 200-250 km wide to the Altai Mountains.
Relief, geological structure and minerals. The plain has a general slope from the south (200 m) to the north (slightly more than 100 m). It consists of horizontal marine sedimentary deposits of the Paleogene and continental deposits of the Neogene, located on the surface of the folded-block basement of the Paleozoic. After the retreat of the sea in the Cenozoic, its bed became dry land and the modern relief of the plain was formed. The surface is mostly flat, but dissected by a dry river network. Rivers with runoff are rare. Between them there are shallow depressions, some of which are occupied by salt lakes. In some places there are ridges up to 10-15 m high.
Geologically, the North Kazakh Plain is divided into four natural-territorial regions: the Esil plain forest-steppe, the Tobol-Ubagan plain steppe, the Esil-Ertysk steppe and the Ertys-Kulunda plain.

The Esil plain forest-steppe is located along the Esil River in the North Kazakhstan region. This plain is composed of clayey rocks. Its surface is covered with continental river sedimentary deposits of the Paleogene. The height of the plain reaches 130-140 m. There are many lakes and clayey saline basins on it. Its surface is covered with meadow and steppe plants. The forests are mainly birch and aspen.

The Tobol-Ubagan plain steppe la in the west borders on the Trans-Ural plateau, in the south - on the Turgai plateau, in the east - on the left bank of the Esil, in the north - on the Esil plain forest-steppe. The height of the terrain in the south is 250 m, and it decreases to the north. The plain is composed of Paleogene and Neogene clayey deposits. The rivers Uy, Esil, Toguzak, Ayat, Tobol, Ubagan and others flow through its territory. There are few freshwater lakes, but many saline ones. The largest of them is Lake Kushmurun. Chernozem soils, covered with meadow plants.

The Esil-Ertyskaya steppe is located between the Esil-Kamyshtinskaya forest-steppe and the plain in the eastern part of the Pavlodar region. The slopes at an altitude of 100-120 m are composed of clays of the Neogene period, the surface of the steppe is composed of sandstone and anthropogenic clay deposits. In the western part there are many freshwater lakes... The largest of them is Shagalyteniz. The Chaglinka River flows into it. There are also salt lakes. In the Esil zone, ridges of hills and hills stretch from northeast to southwest. Their length reaches 24 km, width - 0.5-1 km and height - 15m. They are composed of anthropogenic clay and sandy rocks.

Dark chestnut soils prevail on the Ertys-Kulunda plain (Pavlodar region). The left bank of Ertys is made up of three terraces. The first (solonetzic soils) and the second terraces rise above the level of the river from 4-6 to 15-18 m. The floodplains are wide, extending for 20-25 km. The height of the third terrace is 28-32 m. The slopes of the left bank of Ertys consist of small pebbles and sandstones. The right slopes of Ertys are composed of four terraces (height 40-45 m). They are an alluvial plain with sandy soil formed by the influence of the wind. Pine ribbon forests grow on it. On the left bank of Ertys there are lakes and dry lake basins. The largest lakes are Zhalauly and Chureksor. The Chiderti and Olenti rivers flow into the Jalauly lake, the Selety river into the Seletyteniz lake.
Minerals. A lot of minerals are found in the North Kazakh Plain. Iron ore is mined in the Sokolovsko-Sarbaisky and Kacharsky deposits. A mining and processing plant operates in the town of Rudny. Large reserves of iron have been found in the Ayatskoye and Lisakovskoye deposits; deposits of chromite, bauxite, cobalt, and building materials have been explored.
The climate of the North Kazakh Plain is characterized by a sharp continental character. Arctic air masses freely penetrate here from the north in winter, and dry continental air masses from Central Asia in summer. V winter time the climate of the region is influenced by the Siberian anticyclone. Therefore, about 60% of precipitation (350 mm) falls in the summer months. The average temperature in July is + 18 ° + 20 ° С, in January -17 ° -19 ° С. There are often frosty days (-30 ° -35 ° C). There is a lot of snow (30-50 cm).
Rivers and lakes. The main river of the North-Kazakh plain is Ertys. The northern tributary of the Ob begins from the glaciers of the northwestern slopes of the Mongolian Altai in China. On the North-Kazakh plain, Ertys flows calmly, slowly. On a section more than 1000 km long to the city of Omsk, not a single tributary flows into Ertys. At the confluence of the Tobol River with Ertys, the channel becomes more full and is divided into several branches. Near Omsk, the width of the river reaches 6-8 km. From the mouth of the Tobol, the river widens even more and the channel reaches a width of 25-30 km. The main tributaries flow into the lower reaches of the Ertys: on the north left side - Tobol, Esil, Vagai, Kondy, on the right - Om, Tarta, Demyanka. Water is used for the needs of agriculture: for irrigation of crops, watering of pastures. Reservoirs have been built on Ertys: Zaysanskoye, Bukhtarminskoye, Maloertskoye, as well as Bukhtarma, Shulbinskaya and Ust-Kamenogorsk hydroelectric power stations. In winter, the river freezes over. The river is navigable and rich in fish.

Esil (length on the territory of Kazakhstan 1700 km) originates in Central Kazakhstan and flows into Ertys. Its waters are used in national economy... In winter, the river freezes over. In spring it leaves its channel and floods a wide floodplain.

The Tobol (800 km long on the territory of Kazakhstan) begins on the eastern slope of the Southern Urals, flows through Kazakhstan's territory and flows into the Ertys on the territory of Russia. Its waters are used to meet the domestic needs of the population and for industrial purposes.
There are many small rivers here: Uy, Toguzak, Ayat, Uba-gan, Shagaly, Selety, Olenti, Shiderti, etc. Most of them feed on melt snow and dry up in summer. In the spring, rivers come out of their bed and overflow. Some of them flow into the Ertys and its tributaries.
The largest lakes in these places are Kushmurun, Shagalyteniz, Seletyteniz, Kyzylkak, Teke and others, and there are many small lakes. The water in them is salty.

Remember the characteristics of the rivers given in the materials on the topic "Inland waters".

Natural areas... Flora and fauna. Forest-steppe and steppe zones are formed on the North-Kazakh Plain. The soil cover is dominated by chernozem and dark chestnut soils on loess-like loams. The vegetation consists of grass-feather-grass and feather-grass-fescue groups. Timothy grass, awnless rump, carrots, etc. grow. On the alluvial-saline and saline soils of river valleys, there are dense thickets of reeds and other moisture-loving plants. Forests are widespread in the territories of the Kostanay and North Kazakhstan regions. The forest vegetation of the pegs is represented by birch and aspen.
Animal world the plain consists of both forest and steppe species. Here you can find elk, roe deer, corsac, ferret, wolf, fox, among rodents such species as gray mouse, steppe mouse, common hamster, ground squirrel are common. Representatives of the world of birds also live (ptarmigan, gull). Once upon a time, the valleys of the Ertys and Esil rivers were inhabited by beavers, and brown bears lived in Northern Kazakhstan and the forests of Kostanai. V last years due to poaching, the number of elk has sharply decreased. A muskrat brought from America was launched into local rivers and lakes. Gradually, it takes root.
Favorable natural conditions allow to dwell here a large number birds. On wide open spaces water bodies there are swans, geese, ducks, seagulls. The steppe is inhabited by cranes, steppe eagles, bustards. In the forest-steppe, common red sparrows, European species of variegated tits, white and gray partridges, white-billed crows, woodpeckers, falcons, red cobs, etc. nest. Quails, steppe hazel grouses, little bustards inhabit the vicinity of forests and steppes.
In order to preserve the natural landscapes of the region with numerous species of plants and animals, various reserves and National parks... One of them is the Naurzum reserve in the Kostanay region. The area is 87.7 thousand hectares. The reserve combines forest and steppe areas. The territory is flat. Height -100-150 m. Objects of protection in the reserve - 42 species of animals, 6 species of fish, 687 species of plants, 286 species of birds. From waterfowl there are gulls, pelicans, swans, from steppe birds - bustards, little bustards, partridges.
The North Kazakh Plain belongs to the regions of developed agriculture. The fertility of the soil is conducive to obtaining a high yield of cereals. Some areas of it were developed as virgin and fallow lands. But the arid territories of the steppe do not always yield a large harvest. They are less humid than the forest-steppe. Little precipitation falls, winds often blow, which causes wind erosion of soils, dust storms have a detrimental effect on vegetation. This proves the need for special measures to protect natural resources this territory.

1. Determine the geographical position and boundaries of the North Kazakh Plain.
2. In what geological time was formed and what geological structure does the North-Kazakh plain have?
3. Explain the conditions associated with the flat relief.
4. Where are the Kacharskoye, Sokolovsko-Sarbayskoye, Lisakovskoye iron ore deposits located?
5. Determine the main elements characterizing the climate of a randomly selected territory on the basis of the climatic map.
6. To which basins are the rivers of the North-Kazakh Plain? Divide their main river networks, name and show them on a map.
7. What natural zones are located within the North Kazakh Plain?
8. What ecological problems arose in connection with the economic development of the territory?

Turanian plain. North - Kazakh plain.
The purpose of the lesson:
Educational: To form knowledge about the landscape zones of Kazakhstan;
Developing: Develop the ability to give comparative characteristics;
Educational: Patriotic education.
Teaching method: verbal
Form of organization: collective
Lesson type: combined
Lesson type: problem learning
Equipment: Physical map Kazakhstan. Atlases.
1. Organizational moment.
Greetings.
Identification of the absent.
II. Homework check.
1. Natural complexes (components, geographic envelope; exogenous processes; 9 PTK; 4 - flat and 5 mountain)
2. Geographical position of the East European Plain (Russian; borders - Mugodzhary, Ustyurt, Mangystau; includes - General Syrt, Pre-Ural plateau, Caspian lowland)
3. Relief and geological structure (ancient platform, sedimentary deposits of the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic; Pre-Ural plateau - at the end of the Cretaceous, General Syrt - in the Paleogene, Caspian lowland - in the era of glaciation; highest point - 300 m above sea level; General Syrt - to Kazakhstan, the southern part, the rivers Derkul, Chagan, Elek, Rostosh - tributaries of the Urals, composed of limestones, chalk, descend from north to south from 150 to 60 m; Pre-Ural plateau - between the Caspian lowland and Mugodzhary, north - Eastern 450 m, south - west - 100 m, rivers Emba, Kainar, Sagyz, Uil, Elek, Or, Bolshaya Khobda; Caspian lowland sandy - clayey and clayey deposits; salt domes; rivers - Ural and its tributaries, lakes Shalkar, Balykty, Aralsor, Inder; sands of Naryn, Taisoigan, Kosdaulet, Mynteke, Bozanay and others - 60 thousand km²)
4. Mineral resources (oil, gas - Karachaganak, Tengiz, Zhanazhol; chalk, table salt, sand, clay)
5. Climate (in January - 15 ° С in the north and - 8 ° С in the south, sometimes up to - 40 ° С; in summer the average temperature in July is + 22 + 24 ° С; precipitation - 350 in the north, 140 mm in the south)
6. Rivers and lakes (Caspian - area 390 thousand km², length 1200 km; rivers - Ural (1082 km), Emba (635 km), Uil (800 km))
7. Natural areas. Flora and fauna (steppe, semi-desert and desert; difficult ecological situation)
III. Comprehensive knowledge test.
1. What 3 groups of processes form an external force that changes the surface of the Earth? (energy of the sun, gravity and vital activity of organisms)
2. Scale, expressed in words"In 1cm - 1km", called (named)
3. The height of the highest point of Tarbagatai - Tastau (2992m)
4. Air masses that bring the main moisture to the territory of Kazakhstan are called (moderately marine)
5. Black Ertys flows into the lake (Zaysan)
6. Between the Kurchumsky ridges from the north and Azutau from the south, at an altitude of 1147m there is a nature reserve (Markakolsky)
7. Representatives of the Caucasian race live in (worldwide)
8. The forest-steppe zone of Kazakhstan is located on:
9. The continuous development of the nature of the Earth is associated with (the energy of the sun)
10. The distribution of precipitation on Earth depends primarily on (distribution of atmospheric pressure)
11. main reason uneven distribution of plants and animals on the Earth (distribution of heat and moisture)
12. Kazakhstan is located in the climatic zone (temperate climatic)
13. Plants of Kazakhstan with medicinal properties (mint, citrine wormwood, licorice)
14. In the forest-steppe zone, in birch groves, the thickness of the humus horizon is (18 - 25 cm)
IV. Preparing to explain new topic... Write the topic of the lesson on the chalkboard, explain the objectives of the lesson. Problematic question: What is the location of the Turan and North - Kazakh plains in relation to other geographic objects? What platforms are they on?
V. Explanation of the new topic.
1. State Enterprise of the Turan Plain (Mangyshlak, Ustyurt, Big and Small Barsuki, Turgai Plateau, Aral Karakum, Syrdarya River, Kyzylkum, Betpakdala, Moyinkum, Balkhash, Alakol)
2. Relief and geological structure (Epigertsin platform - sandy and sedimentary - stony deposits of the Paleozoic; Mangystau - the highest point in Karatau, Besshoky town (556 m), North and South Aktau ridges (320 m) - oolithic limestones; Karagiye - 132 m; Ustyurt - height 200 - 300 m, area 170 thousand km², cliffs; Turgai plateau - average height 200 - 300 m; Turgay hollow 750 m long; Aral Karakum - between the Aral and Shalkar; Big and Small Barsuki - sandy deposits of the Neogene; alluvial plain; Kyzyl Kum eolian and alluvial sands of the Paleogene, dunes, ridges; Moyinkum - height in the south 500 - 600, in the north 300 m; Betpakdala - 350 m, pebble, sand, clay, remnants of destroyed mountains - Zhambyl, Baikar, etc. - gray and red granites of the Paleozoic; Balkhash - Alakol depression - sandy plains)
3. Mineral resources (oil, gas, Construction Materials, salt, soda, iron, copper, phosphorites, manganese, coal, dyes)
4. Climate (average January temperature - 8 - 16 ° С in the north and - 5 ° С in the south, minimum - 40 ° С, in July the average temperature in the north is +22, in the south + 29 ° С, dry winds, precipitation 80 - 100 mm)
5. Rivers and lakes (Syrdarya, Chu, Talas, Turgai, Irgiz, Ili, Karatal, Aksu, Lepsy, Tentek; lakes - Aral, Balkhash, Alakol, Akkol, Sarykopa, etc.; ground salt water at a depth of 20 - 50 m , fresh - 300 - 500 m)
6. Natural areas. Flora and fauna (steppe, semi-desert, desert; soils; sandy, clayey and gravelly deserts; animals - cheetahs, mouflons of Ustyurt, etc.; environmental problems - dry winds, dust storms, salt of the Aral Sea; pesticides of the Syrdarya fields; reserves - Barsakelmes, Ustyurt )
7. Geographical position of the North Kazakhstan Plain (in the east, 200 - 250 km wide to Altai, in the south - to Saryarka, in the west - to the Trans-Ural plateau)
8. Relief, geological structure (slope from south to north from 200 to 100 m, marine sedimentary deposits of the Neogene, differs in uniformity, only in some places ridges of 10 - 15 m; Esil plain forest-steppe, Tobolo - Ubaganskaya plain, Esil - Irtyskaya steppe, Ertys - Kulunda steppe
9. Minerals (iron, chromite, bauxite, cobalt, building materials)
10. Climate (60% of precipitation in summer - 350 mm; average temperature in July + 18 + 20 ° С, January - 17 - 19 ° С, minimum - - 35 ° С; snow 30 - 50 cm)
11. Rivers and lakes (Ertys, from the mouth of the Tobol the width of the river is 30 km; reservoirs; navigable; Esil - length in the Republic of Kazakhstan 1700 km; Tobol - length in the Republic of Kazakhstan 800 km; small rivers - Uy, Ayat, Ubagan, Selety, etc .; lakes - Kushmurun, Seletyteniz, Kyzylkak, Teke, etc.)
12. Natural areas. Flora and fauna (forest-steppe, steppe; pegs - birch, aspen; nature reserves - Naurzum; ecology - wind erosion of arable lands)
Vi. Mastering a new topic.
Fill in the table "Characteristics of landscape zones":
Vii. Homework... § 41, 42, table
VIII. Lesson summary. Commenting on grades.
Conclusion: The ecological state of desert and steppe zones is very fragile, it is easy to disturb it, therefore, a careful, reasonable approach to the use of the natural resources of these regions is necessary.

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

There is no HTML version of the work yet.
You can download the archive of the work by clicking on the link below.

Lesson planning on the topic: "West Siberian Plain (North Kazakh Plain) (FGP, geological structure and relief, minerals)". Characteristics of the North - Kazakhstan region Borders of the North Kazakhstan plain

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Similar documents