History of the Woman of the executioner during the war. Slim Machine Maker - Real Story

Antonina Makarova (or Antonina Ginzburg) - a woman who has become a bill during the war for many soviet partisans And he received a nickname "Slotch-gunner". She led to the execution of more than 1.5 thousand sentences of the fascists, forever covering their name in the indelible shame.

A powder-gunner was born in the Smolensk region, in a small village, a small wolf in the 1920s. At birth, she had the name of Parfenov. Because of the wrong entry in the school journal Antonina Makarovna Parfenova "lost" his real name and turned into Antonina Makarovna Makarov. This surname was used by it in the future.

The first year of war

At the end of the school, Antonin went to study in the technical school, intending to become a physician. When the war began, the girl was 21 years old. Inspired by Anki-gunners, Makarova went to the front "beat enemies." Presumably, it was this who fought her to take such a weapon as a machine gun. Professor Psychiatry Alexander Bukhanovsky investigated the identity of this woman in his time. He suggested that she could have a mental deflection.

In 1941, Makarova managed to escape in the Vyazemsky operation, catastrophic defeat soviet army under Moscow. For several days she was hiding in the forests. Then he captured the fascists. With the help of Private Nikolai Fedchuk, she managed to escape. Wrinkles on the forests began again, which did not affect the psychological state of Antonina.

After a few months of such a life, the woman was in Lococcian Republic. Having lived for a while at the local peasant, Antonina noticed that the Soviet citizens who collaborated with the Germans were not bad here. Then she went to work on the fascists.

Ball in Skirt

Later on the court of Makarov explained this act by desire to survive. At first she served in the auxiliary police and beat the prisoners. The police chief, assessing its efforts, ordered to issue a zealous macarow machine gun. From that moment on, it was officially appointed by the Palach. The Germans counted: it will be much better if the partisan will be shot soviet girl. And it's not necessary to get a dip himself, and the enemy demoralizes it.

In the new post, Makarov received not only a more suitable weapon, but also a separate room. To make the first shot, Antonina had to drink pretty. Then the case went "like oil." All other executions of the gun-gunner produced on a sober head. Later on the court she explained that he did not belong to those who shot like ordinary people. For her, they were strangers, and therefore they were not sorry.

Antonina Makarova "worked" with rare cynicism. She always personally checked whether "work" was performed qualitatively. In the case of missed, it was impedant wounded. At the end of the shooting, she removed good things from the corpses. It came to the fact that Makarov became the eve of executions to bypass the barracks with prisoners and choose those who had good clothes.

After the war, the Marthercher's Tongleman said that he never regretted anything about anything about anyone. She did not dream of nightmares, were not in the visions killed by her. She did not feel any repentance, which indicates a psychopathic type of personality.

"Merit" thinners-gunners

Antonina Makarova "worked" is extremely hard. Shot of Soviet partisans and their relatives three times a day. At its account more than 1.5 thousand ruined shower. For each executioner in the skirt received 30 German Reichsmarocks. In addition, the thinner provided german soldiers Intimate services. By 1943 she had to be treated from a whole bouquet of venereal diseases in the German rear. Just at that time, the elbow was removed from the fascists.

Then Makarova began to hide from the Russians, and from the Germans. She saved a military ticket somewhere and betrayed himself for a nurse. At the end of the war, on this ticket, she worked as a medical sister in one of the hospitals for the Red Army. There she met ordinary Viktor Ginzburg and soon became his wife.

In peacetime

After the war, Ginzburg settled in the Belarusian city of Lepel. Antonina gave birth to 2 daughters and began to work as a quality controller on the sewing factory. It was extremely closed. I never drank, probably fearing to break through my past. For a long time, no one guessed about him.

Security bodies were looking for a thin-powered machine-gunger. Only in 1976 were able to reach her mark. Two years later, she was found and conducted identification. Immediately, several witnesses confirmed the personality of Makarov, who was already at that time Ginzburg. During the arrest, and then the investigation and the court, she behaved amazingly coldly. A powder-gunner could not understand what they want to punish her. She considered her actions in war time Completely logical.

Husband Antonina did not know what he was arrested by his wife. When investigators told the man of the truth, he took the children and left the city forever. Where he began to live afterwards, it is not known. At the end of November 1978, the court sentenced Antonina Ginzburg to death penalty. She perceived the sentence calmly. Later wrote a few of the pasts about pardon. August 11, 1979 was executed.

Most recently, we read with you and discussed who I was interested in this topic and who was not yet tired of the topic of the Great Patriotic War I can offer such a continuation of the discussion ...

She was arrested in the summer of 1978 in the Belarusian town of Lepel. A completely ordinary woman in a sandy spot with an accident in his hands went down the street when the car was stopped near, inconspicuous men in civilian clothes jumped out of it: "You need to urgently drive with us!" Obtained it, not allowing the opportunity to escape.

"You guess why you were brought here?" - asked the investigator of the Bryansk KGB, when it was led to the first interrogation. "Some kind of error," the woman grinned in response.

"You are not Antonina Makarovna Ginzburg. You are Antonina Makarova, more known as the Muscovite Language or the Machine Maker. You are punisher, worked on the Germans, produced mass executions. About your atrocities in the village elbow, that under Bryansk, there are still legends. We were looking for you more than thirty years - now it's time to answer for what you have done. No limitations for your crimes do not have. "

"So, not in vain last year It was anxious on the heart, as if he felt that would appear, "the woman said. - How long ago it was. As if not with me at all. Almost all life has already passed. Well, write down ... "

Young tonya was not a monster from birth. On the contrary, since childhood, he dreamed of being brave and brave, as the faithful companion Chapayev - Anka-Martherometer. True, when I came to the first class and the teacher asked her last name, suddenly the Orobla. And I had to squeeze instead: "Yes Makarova she." In the sense that Makara's daughter on the name of Panfilov. The teacher also recorded a new journal, leaking inaccuracy and further documents. This confusion was subsequently a terrible-powder-gunner so long to leave the search. After all, they were looking for her, known from the words of surviving victims, like a Muscovite, a nurse, for related links of all Makarov Soviet Union, not panfilovy.

Having finished school, Antonina was filed to Moscow, where he found it on June 22, 1941. The girl, like thousands of peers, asked to the front by a volunteer-sannistant to endure the battlefield. Who knew that she was waiting for her not romantic-cinema shootouts with a cowardly running away at the first volley enemy, and bloody excessive battles with the superior forces of the Germans. Newspapers and reproductors After all, they assured in the other, completely in the other ... And here - the blood and dirt of the terrible Vyazemsky "boiler", in which literally in a few days of the war folded the heads more than a million redarmeys and half a million were captured. It turned out to be among the semi-winning, dying from the cold and hunger, abandoned on the confusion of the Wehrmacht of half a million. As she got out of the environment, which tested at the same time - it was known only to her and God.

However, she was still the choice. True and inconsishes, navigating the night in the villages, in which they had already faithful to the new regime of the police, and in others, on the contrary, the partisans were secretly grouped secretly, mostly surripens from the Red Army, she got to the Brasovsky district of the then Oryol region. Tonya chose not a dense forest, where the fighters that were like her created partisan detachments, and who became the stronghold of the National Socialist ideology and "new order" of the village elbow.

Today in the literature you can find the facts promulgated by historians about this collaborationist structure of traitors formed in the village in November 1941 - after elbowed with neighboring settlements (Nowadays the elbow is included in the Bryansk region) was occupied by the Wehrmacht. The initiators of such a "self-government" with the status, which Himmler determined as "experimental", were the former Soviet citizens: 46-year-old Konstantin Voskoboinik and 42-year-old Bronislav Kaminsky (on the topic "Lotorous self-government" I will try to make a separate post)

... This is the "Loc Country republic", where there were enough cartridges and bread, guns and oils, and promised at the end of 1941 who made his final selection of Makarov's thinner. She was received personally the Kaminsky. The conversation was short, almost like in Taras Bouvube. "Do you believe? Crighten. Okay. How do you feel about the Communists? " I hate, "the believer Komsomolka firmly answered firmly. "You can shoot?" "Can". "The hand does not get drogle?" "Not". "Go to the platoon". A day later she swore "Führera" and received a weapon - a machine gun. Everything!

They say before the first shooting Antonina Makarova gave a glass of vodka. For courage. After that, it became a ritual. True, with some change - in all the subsequent times she drank her soldering after the execution. Apparently, I was afraid of a drunk head in the sight of my victims.

And there were no less than 27 people with each shot - exactly so much was suitable in the stall stable served as a prison chamber.

"All those sentenced to death were the same for me. Only their number changed. Usually I was ordered to shoot a group of 27 people - so much partisans accounted for a camera. I shot about 500 meters from prison for some pit. Arrested put the chain face to the pit. Some of the men rolled my machine gun into place of execution. According to the command of the authorities, I kneel and shot in people until everything fell out of everything ... "from the Interrogation Protocol Antonina Makarova-Ginzburg in June 1978.

Probably, it will sound cynical and even blasphemous, but the children's dream of a thinning turned out: she, almost like Chapaevskaya Ank, became a machine gunner. And even her machine gun was issued - the Soviet "Maxim". Often, for greater convenience, it is thoroughly aimed in people lying.

"I did not know those whom I shoot. They did not know me. Therefore, I was not ashamed before them. It happened, shoot, you will come closer, and someone still twitch. Then she shot himself in his head so that the person would not suffer. Sometimes several prisoners on the chest were suspended a piece of plywood with the inscription "Partizan". Some sang something before death. After executions, I cleaned a machine gun in a guard room or in the courtyard. The cartridges were in sufficiency ... "from the interrogation protocol Antonina Makarova-Ginzburg in June 1978.

Symbolic coincidence: the fee appointed for her service was equal to 30 stamps. In all the senses of Judeine award, which struck even the species of the KGB Leonid Savodikin's investigator, who led the interrogation of the arrested "Executive Fiction". So Makarova officially called the Ron documents. "Not all Russian policemen wanted to wade, they preferred to execute the execution of partisans and their family members. Makarova was given a bed in a room at the local cone, where you could spend the night and store a machine gun. " This is from the investigative case.

There it was once and found the former apartment hostess from the village of Red Well, who had a chance to sleep his way in the life of Antonina, - she somehow came to the full elbow for salt, hardly at the prison of the "republic". A frightened woman asked behind the intercession of his recent postman, who led her to her camork. In a close room, stood up to the brilliance of a stuffed machine gun. On the floor - trough for washing. And near the chair with a neat slide, a wigged clothing was made - with numerous holes from the bullets. Having noticed the gost's thinking on them, the tonya explained: "If I like things for those who have killed, I take it away from the dead, what a good disappear: once the teacher shot, so I liked her blouse, pink, silk, but it hurts everything in blood stained , I was afraid that I did not wash it - I had to leave it in the grave. Sorry. "

Hearing such speeches, Guest, forgetting about salt, I backed up to the doors, on the move of the misery of God and calling the thinner to fall. It brought Makarov out. "Well, since you are so brave, what did you ask for help, when you were in prison? She screamed. - That would have died in the heroic! So when the skin must be saved, then the Druzhba is suitable? "
The day after day, the man-gunner continued to regularly go to the executions. Perform the sentences of the Kaminsky. How to work.

"It seemed to me that the war will write everything. I just performed my work for which I paid. I had to shoot not only partisans, but also members of their families, women, teenagers. I tried not to remember this. Although I remember the circumstances of one execution - before executing the guy sentenced to death, shouted to me: "I will no longer see, farewell, sister! .." from the interrogation protocol Antonina Makarova-Ginsburg in June 1978.

She tried not to memorize those who killed. Well, all those who miraculously survived after a meeting with her, for the rest of their lives remembered Antonina Makarov. Being already an 80-year-old-seen old woman, a resident of Ellaba Elena Bridge told reporters as police grabbed her for painting the partisan leaflets. And they threw into the stable near the punisher with her machine gun. "There was no electricity, the light is only the one from the window, almost completely laid by brick. And only one clearance - if you stand on the windowsill, you can look and see the world of God. "

Terrible memories crammed forever into memory and another local resident - Lydia Buznikova: "Ston stood. People stuffed in a stall so that it was impossible not to lie, even sit down ... "

When Soviet troops were included in the elbow, Antonina Makarova and the next washed. The victims were shot in the pits and could not say anything. The surviving locals remembered only her heavy glance, no less terrible than the "Maxim" sight, and scarce information about the arrival: about 21 years old from the genus, an alleged Muscovite, a dark-haired, with a sullen fold on his forehead. The same data was given and held by other cases the arrested accomplices of Germans. There was no more detailed information about the mysterious thinner.

"The search case Antonina Makarova Our employees were thirty years old, passing him to each other inherited," KGB Peter Golovachev's veteran is no longer afraid of revealing the maps of long-time in front of journalists and willingly recall the details similar to the legend. - Periodically, it fell into the archive, then, when we caught and interrogated the next traitor of the homeland, it came up again to the surface. Couldn't the thinner disappear without a trace?! Per post-war years The KGB officers secretly and gently checked all women of the Soviet Union, who were named after the name, patronymic and surname and approaching the age, were about 250 people in the USSR such thinners of Makarov. But - it is useless. Real Machine-Maker Like in the Water Round ... "
"You do not scold thinn," says Golovachev. - You know, I'm even sorry for me. This is all the war, damn, to blame, she broke her ... She did not have a choice - she could stay by a person and herself would be herself among the shocked. But I chose to live, becoming a pall. But she was in the 41st year of 20 years. "

But just take and forget about it it was impossible. "Too terrible were her crimes," says Golovachev. - It just did not fit in my head, how many lives she took. Several people managed to escape, they passed the main witnesses in the case. And so, when we interrogated them, they said that the fan was still coming to them in dreams. Young, with a machine gun, looks intently - and does not take eyes. They were convinced that a girlfriend was alive, and asked to find it to stop these nightmares. We understood that she could marry long ago and change the passport, so they studied thoroughly life Path All of her possible relatives on the surname Makarov ... "

And she, as it turned out, was just lucky. Although what is, by and large, luck? ..

No, she did not move at the end of 1943 from the elbow to the lepel together with the "Russian SS Russian Brigade", headed by the Kaminsky. Even earlier, she managed to pick up a venereal disease. After all, it was not one glass of vodka shouted after gradering weekdays. Sorogradus doping was not enough. And therefore, in silk outfits with traces from the bullets, she walked "after work" to dancing, where he danced to fall with changing how glasses in a kaleidoscope, cavaliers - polysya and officers-marauders from Ron.

Strange, and maybe it is natural, but the Germans decided to care their cathedral and sent the undisguised by the undecast of a slope for a cure in the rear hospital. So it turned out to be in 1945 near Königsberg.

... already delivered under the convoy in Bryansk after arrest in the leprenel Antonina Makarova-Ginzburg told the leading business to investigators, as she succeeded in approaching the Soviet troops to flee from the German hospital and straighten the documents for which she decided to start new life. It - separate history From the life of a cunning and quideline.

In an absolutely new case, she appeared in April 1945 in the Soviet hospital in Königsberg before the wounded Sergeant Viktor Ginzburg. Angelic vision, a young nurse in a snow-white coat appeared in the ward - and the Frontovik rejoicing recovery fell in love with her at first glance. A few days later they painted, tonya took the surname of her husband. Initially, the newlyweds lived in the Kaliningrad region, and then moved to the lepel, closer to the homeland of her husband, because Viktor Semenovich was from Polotsk, where his family died from the hands of punishers.

In a quiet leprenel, where almost everyone knows each other and greet at meetings, Chut Ginzburg and lived safely until the end of the seventies. This exemplary Soviet family: both veterans of the Great Patriotic War, beautiful workers, grow two daughters. Benefits, Table of Orders, Oddensky Breast Planks in holidays... Portrait of Antonina Makarovna, as the old-timers of the leprenel remember, decorated the local board of honor. But what is there to speak - the photos of the veterans were even in the local museum. This is later when everything explained, one of the pictures - female - had to hastily withdraw from the museum funds and sent to write off the wording unusual for museumors.

Including punisher in many ways contributed by chance

The Moscow resident by the name of Panfilov in 1976 had to be urgently gathered in foreign voyage. Being a person disciplined, he filled out a premium questionnaire for all then the rules, without missing in the listing not one of the relatives. It was here that the mysterious detail was floating: all sisters of him - Panfilov, and one for some reason Makarov. How, sorry for the pun, Makar did it happen? A citizen of Panfilov called to OVIR for additional explanations in which interested people were present in civilian clothes. Panfilov told Antonine's living in Belarus.

How much was the case, will tell the document provided by Natalia Makarova, the reference of the Press Group of UGB in the Vitebsk region. So, "certificate of activities on the search for" Sadistki ".
"In December 1976, Ginzburg V.S. Routed in Moscow to the brother of his wife Colonel of the Soviet Army Panfilov. It was alarmed that the brother was not the same name with his wife Ginzburg. The collected data served as the basis for the institution in February 1977 to Ginzburg (Makarov) A.M. Cases check "Sadistka". When checking Panfilov, it was found that Ginzburg A.M., as her brother pointed out in his autobiography, in the period of the war was captured by the Germans. The audit also showed that it has a great similarity with previously looking for UKS in the Bryansk region of Makarov Antonina Makarovna, 1920-1922, a native of the Moscow region, the former nurse of the Soviet Army, announced to the All-Union wanted list. Her search was stopped by UKBB in the Bryansk region due to the small amount of data necessary for active search activities and death (allegedly shot by the Germans among other women, patients with venereal disease). A group of sick women was indeed shot, but Ginzburg (A. Makarov. - Avt.) The Germans took with them to the Kaliningrad region, where she remained after the flight of the invaders. "

As you can see from the reference, from time to time your hands descended even the most tireless operatives leading the search for the elusive thinner. True, he was immediately renewed, it was worth only to open up new facts in the history of 33 years, which allows us to talk about the continuity of the search.

And the strange facts in the case of Makarova in 1976 have already begun to be poured both from the horns of abundance. Contextually, on the aggregate, so to speak, strange.

Taking into account all the investigators that have arisen in the case, the investigators decided to spend the "encrypted conversation" with it in the Railoint. Together with Makarova here, several more women were invited, the participants of the Great Patriotic War. The conversation was about participating in hostilities allegedly for future premiums. The front-line was readily remembered. Makarova-Ginzburg, with this conversation, was clearly confused: it could not remember neither the battalion commander, no colleagues, although in her military ticket it was stated that in the 422nd sanitary battalion she was rooted from 1941 to 1944 inclusive.

Next in the help recorded:
"Checking for the metering of the Military Museum in Leningrad showed that Ginzburg (Makarova) A.M. In the 422th sanitary battalion did not serve. However, an incomplete retirement, which includes the service in the ranks of the Soviet Army during the war, she received, continuing to work as a senior controller of the sewing workshop of the Lepelsky Woodworking Association. "
Similar "forgetfulness" is no longer like the oddity, but rather, on a real evidence.
But any guessed requires confirmation. Now the investigators had or obtain such confirmations, or, on the contrary, refute their own version. For this, it was necessary to show its object of interest in lively witnesses of crime-gunners. To arrange what is called, a full-time bet - though, in a fairly delicate form.
In the leprenel began to briefly bring those who could identify the woman's executioner from the elbow. It is clear, it was necessary to do it very carefully - so as not to put an impact in the event of a negative result of the reputation respected in the city "Frontovichki and excellent workers". That is, to know that the process of identification is going on, only one side could be - identifying. The suspect did not have anything to guess.

Further work in the case, if we spend the dry language, the same "certificates about the search for the" Sadistki "search events were carried out in contact with UKS in the Bryansk region. On August 24, 1977, Ginzburg (Makarova) was re-identified from the Bryansk region Pelagey Komarova and Olga Panina. The first thinner removed the corner in the village of 1941 in the village of 1941 (remember, the story of the campaign in the elbow for salt?), And the second in early 1943 was thrown by the Germans to the Locos prison. Both women unconditionally admitted to Antonine Ginzburg Tongy-gunner.

"We were terribly afraid to hit the reputation of the respected women, front-line, beautiful mother and wife, - recalls Golovachev. - Therefore, our employees went to the Belarusian lepel, whole year Watched Antonina Ginzburg, brought there on one surviving witnesses, the former punisher, one of her lovers, for identification. Only when everything was said to one and the same thing - it is she, a man-gunner thinner, we learned her on the noticeable fold on the forehead, - doubts disappeared. "

On June 2, 1978, Ginzburg (Makarov) once again identified a woman who came from the Leningrad region, the former cohabitant of the head of the Loc Crest Prison. After that, a respected citizen of Lepel Antonina Makarovna and was stopped on the street polite people In civilian clothes, which she seemed to realize that the protracted game was finished, only a quiet voice asked for a cigarette. Do I need to clarify that it was a military criminal arrest? At the subsequent brief interrogation, she confessed to the fact that there is a man-gunner thinner. On the same day, UKGB employees in the Bryansk region were taken away by Makarov-Ginzburg to Bryansk.

During the investigative experiment, she was taken to the elbow. The Bryan investigators remember well, as those who learned the inhabitants shared and spoiled. And she walked and remembered everything. Quietly, as you remember about everyday affairs.

Husband Antonina, Viktor Ginzburg, a veteran of war and labor, after her unexpected arrest promised to complain to the UN. "We did not admit to him what the one with which he lived happily a whole life was accused. They were afraid that the man simply will not survive, "said investigators.

When the old man was told the truth, he went overnight. And no more complaints wrote.

"The arrested husband from the SIZO did not give any lines. And two daughters who gave birth after the war, by the way, also did not write anything and did not ask for a date, "says the investigator Leonid Savoskin. - When with our accused managed to find a contact, she began to tell about everything. About how he was saved, fled from the German hospital and hitting our surroundings, polished foreign veteran documents for which he began to live. She did not hide anything, but it was the most terrible. It was created that she sincerely misunderstands: for which she was planted, what did she commit such a terrible? She seemed to be in the head of a block of some kind of war to be so crazy, probably not to get away. She remembered everything, each shot, but did not regret anything. She seemed to me a very brutal woman. I do not know what she was in youth. And that forced her to commit these crimes. Desire to survive? Minute permanent? Horrors of war? In any case, it does not justify it. She ruined not only other people, but also their own family. She just destroyed them with his exposure. Mental examination showed that Antonina Makarovna Makarova is sane. "

Investigators were very afraid of some excesses from the accused: previously there were cases when former policemen, healthy men, remembering the past crimes, ended with them right in the chamber. Aged pinking attacks did not suffer. "It's impossible to constantly be afraid," she said. - The first ten years I waited for a knock on the door, and then calmed down. There are no such sins to torment the whole life. "

"I disgraced me at old age," she complained in the evenings, sitting in the chamber, his jaensmen. "Now after the sentence will have to leave the leprenel, otherwise every fool will poking me in my finger. I think that I will give three years to give. What is more? Then it is necessary to somehow anew life to arrange. And how many salary are in the detention center, girls? Maybe I get a job to you - the work is familiar ... "

Her involvement in shooting 168 people was officially proven during the investigation.

Antonina Makarova was brought by a death sentence. The trial was an absolute surprise even for people who led the investigation, not to mention the defendant itself. All petitions of the 55-year-old Antonina Makarova-Ginzburg on pardon in Moscow were rejected .. Execution was performed on August 11, 1979

In the elbow, the Chekists led her old and well-known by it - to the pit, where she crossed the sentences of the Kaminsky and his gang. The Bryanis investigators remember well, as those who learned her inhabitants shakeped aside and spoiled after. And she walked and remembered everything. Quietly, as you remember about everyday affairs. They say, even surprised by human hatred - after all, in her opinion, the war should have written off. And dating, they say, also not asked with relatives. Or to pass the news to them.

And in Lepele, there was a conversation about the aggravated all event: it could not remain unnoticed. Especially since in Bryansk, where in December 1978, the court took place over Antonina Makarov, they were found from Lepelitsa familiar - they sent the Bryansk Worker's local newspaper with a large publication under the heading "on the steps of betrayal." Room went to hand among the locals. And on May 31, 1979, he gave a great article about the process and the newspaper "Pravda" - under the heading "Fall". It was told about the betrayal of Antonina Makarova, born in 1920, the natives of the city of Moscow (according to other data, the village of Small Volkovka of the Sychevsky district of the Smolensk region), who worked until the senior controller of the sewing workshop of the Lepel Woodworking Association.

They say she wrote an appeal of pardon in the CPSU Central Committee, because the coming 1979 should be the year of the woman. But the judges rejected the petitions. The sentence was pursued.

This, perhaps, did not know the newest national history. Neither the Union, nor Belarusian. The case Antonina Makarova turned out to be loud. You can say even unique. For the first time in the post-war years, a female executioner was shot by the court, whose involvement in the shooting of 168 people was officially proven during the investigation.

However, if approaching the question with a clearly on legal, that is, the opinion that with a purely legal point of view it did not have the right to sentence to the death penalty. There are two reasons. The first - from the date of the commission of the crime and before the arrest passed more than 15 years, and the Criminal Code did not contain the norms of crimes for which the statute of limitations was not applied. The face that committed a crime, punished execution, could be attracted to criminal liability and after the expiration of 15 years, but in this case the death penalty was replaced by imprisonment. The second - in the USSR in 1947, the death penalty was canceled, the truth was restored after three years. As you know, laws, mitigating punishment, have reverse force aggravating - no. Thus, once a convict was not brought to justice to the abolition of the death penalty in the USSR, the law on cancellation on it was fully applied. The law on recovery could be applied only to persons committed to the crime after its entry into force. http://www.sb.by/post/49635/

The killer of one and a half thousand people was considered an exemplary mother and wife

The name of this woman inspired horror and some sacred trepid. Still: a person who considered the murder of his profession cannot be subjected to a simple condemnation. And she thought that during the war, any way to survive is considered acceptable. And killed. More precisely, executed. Where did the machine gunner come from and how she managed to turn into a "heroine" of the Great Patriotic War - in the material site.

Second surname

Tonya was born in a large family in a small village of Smolensk region. She was younger, seventh, child, grew by a girl closed and very shy. When the first of September 1927 she went to the first class, then the story happened to her, which played a big role in her further fate.

The teacher conducted the rings of students. Antonina, embarrassed, could not utter his name. Then the guys began to shout that she was a daughter Makara ParfenovaThat something sort of: "She is from Makarov." And the teacher recorded the girl as Antonina Makarov. Parents did not understand the confusion of the names, since the authoritative of the teacher was minite and shy. As a result, the daughter on the family appeared in the family of parfunov Antonina Makarovna Makarova.

Tonya studied average: was not a two-way, but did not stand out by the mind among other peers. In a few years, the family decided to move to Moscow for the best fraction. Antonina's school has already endanted in the capital, and then he entered medical Schoolwhere learned to nurse.

Petsoshil and threw

In the first half of October 1941, the German group of the Army "Center" broke the defense soviet troops And surrounded the four of our armies in the area of \u200b\u200bthe city of Vyazma. Today, historians lead exemplary figures of the dead redarmeys - about 1 million fighters, among which about 400 thousand were killed immediately, about 600 thousand were captured.

In this terrible meat grinder, which is called the "Vyazemsky boiler", and turned out to be 20-year-old Antonina Makarov. She walked to the front to pull out the wounded battlefield. When they were defeated by part, the girl wandered over the forest for several days, captured, but together with the Red Army Nikolai Fedchuk She managed to run. Now they were together hiding in the forests, trying to get out of the environment.

So that the man does not throw her to die in the forest more often, she became his mistress. Three months they lived like animals. Constantly hungry, ate what could assemble in the forest or steal; Water drank from streams or puddles; Without warm clothes and roofs above your head.

They could go to people only in January 1942. The girl and her friend found themselves in the Bryansk region, in the village of Red Well. But Fedchuk immediately threw Makarov, saying that "went to his family" - wife and children. Antonina, having rushing around the villages, turned out to be in the village of Elbow - the so-called capital.

This territory occupied by the Nazis was different from the rest of the fact that they were led by the parish of German compendices, but organs local governments. That is, the territory officially moved to the side of Germany. She had his own army and operated his criminal code.

Beat and danced

And again, Tona Makarova had to do a difficult choice: to get in captivity as an ordinary red army and be executed; Or get a job to local policemen. She chose life.

There are evidence that at first Antonina was sent to the local auxiliary police - the punitive battalion submitted directly to the German police officer. She had to beat prisoners of war, partisans and members of their families. At the same time, a 21-year-old girl did not refuse himself and in pleasure, in the evenings she danced in the club and meeting with cute Germans or policemen.

Soon she was "raised" in position. The Germans considered that it would be much more terrible and instructive if the Soviet fighters and partisans would shoot the Soviet girl. Thinking on the proposal to participate in the shootings agreed. She was allocated her own room and issued the Maxim machine gun.

Ironically, when Makarova still studied at school, her heroine was Anka-Muthetchichitsa From the movie "Chapaev". She dreamed of becoming the same. Later, psychiatrists suggested that Antonina agreed to work by the executioner, as it partly embodied her dream to become a machine gunner.

"Normal" job

Antonine laid salary - 30 Reichsmarock for each shot. The execution was held in the morning. After the arrest in 1978, Makarov chewed himself in Claws, "Usually I was led to the shooting of 27 people. Approximately so many prisoners were placed in the chamber. Not far from the shed, where they were kept, a pit was dug. The partisans put the back chain to me. Someone from the men rolled me a machine gun. After the team, I shot until everything fell dead. " She was scared only for the first time. To bring an order to execution, she had to drink pretty.

After that, she treated for murder as usual work. She didn't care who she shot: teenagers, women, old people, partisans. She did not pay attention to people, she looked at who is dressed in. Makarova removed from the corpses to her things that was dismissed from blood and sewed holes from the bullets.

It is said that she loved to come at night to the captive and choose the outfits in advance. After the execution of the gunner, the Machine Maker necessarily checked the quality of his work, won those who were injured. Then it cleaned her machine gun that stood in her room, next to the lingerie washing and a chair with clothes.

In the evening, the thinner dressed up and went to men to the club, where she filmed another lover. Psychiatrists, in order to somehow explain the behavior of this woman, assumed that at that time she could touch the reason because of the terror of the environment, survival in the forest, captivity and murders. But, as the witnesses survived, Antonina was not like a crazy.

And Makarov herself after arrest in the smallest detail described her then life. It is unlikely, being in an inadequate condition, she could remember everything.

In the turmoil war

Antonina Makarova worked for about a year. When the Red Army entered the elbow, the fighters found a huge pit on the field with shot. The remains were skimphed land. Of the executed one and a half thousand, only 168 people were able to restore the names. Such were the results of the work of the machine gunners, which was already far from that time.

In the summer of the 43rd Germans sent it to be treated in the rear from the venereal disease, which she received due to unintelligent connections. In the hospital, she became the field wife of the German efreitor. He left for Ukraine, then to Poland. After the murder of the German "husband", Makarov was soon in the concentration cenigsberg. And when in April 1945, the city was released, Slotov was introduced by a nurse, who served three years in the sanitary battalion. After that, she was immediately sent to work in the hospital, where in a week she met the wounded soldier Viktor Ginzburg. Soon she married a war hero and became Antonina Ginzburg.

Approximate wife

After the war, Antonina Makarovna went to her husband to his homeland in Belarus, to the city of Lötel. She settled to work at the factory, became the controller in the sewing workshop. Her portrait hung all the time on the honorable board.

She gave birth to her husband two daughters. Their family was considered prosperous and respected. Heroes of war often came to school and talked about their exploits. Antonina Ginzburg was an honorary guest on school rules, competitions and meetings. How veterans they had benefits, received festive sets and gifts. So they lived in peace and harmony for 30 years.

All these years, the KGB employees wanted a machine gunner. Secretly, they checked the stories of all women living in the USSR with the name of Antonina Makarovna Makarov and approximately suitable by age. There were 250 such.

And only in 1976 it was possible to attack the trail of the gunners. Some surname official ParfenovBy issuing documents for travel abroad, listed all his relatives. Among the huge number of Parfenov was a certain Antonina Makarova, which in 1945 married Ginzburg became, having left the spouse in Belarus. So the error of the village teacher tightened the investigation of three decades. And the Chekists took two years to collect evidence.

They did not want to disappear all the woman, the front of production, an exemplary mother and his wife. KGB officers secretly brought witnesses in the leprenel, Politai, who was her lover. And when everything, as one confirmed that Antonina Makarovna Ginzburg and there is a man-gunner, arrest produced.

Antonina did not deny anything, but did not feel any guilt. She sincerely believed that the war wrote down all her sins. She complained that she was disgraced at old age and now she will have to move to another city. She did not feel any fear nor repentance. "Three years conditionally. And for what more? " - argued the executioner.

Her spouse, Victor Ginzburg, was up to the thresholds of all sorts of instances, wrote the letters to party leaders and told about his beautiful wife, hero of war. When investigators decided to tell a man with whom he actually lived all these years, he went to one day. After that, he left the lepel with his daughters forever.

Antonina Parfenov-Makarov-Ginzburg was shot at 6 am on August 11, 1979. Elderly woman listened to his sentence. She wrote a few past matches, but they were all rejected. The case of the man-gunners was the last major thing about the traitors of the Motherland during the Great Patriotic War.

, Smolensk province, RSFSR

Antonina Makarovna Makarova (nee Parfinova , according to other data - Panfilova in marriage Ginzburg; , Small Volkovka, Sychevsky County, Smolensk Province (according to other sources, was born in 1923 in Moscow) - August 11, Bryansk) - the executioner of the Locotsky district during the Great Patriotic War, who shot in the service of the German occupation authorities and Russian collaborators more than 1,500 people .

At the time of the execution of executions was also known as "Mutright Slotch".

Biography

Early life

Born in 1920, although in some sources it is indicated 1923 and 1922, was the youngest of seven children. At birth, Antonina Makarovna Parfinova is named, but when the girl at the age of 7 went to the first class of the village school, there was a casus with her name - a teacher, writing the names of children in a classroom magazine, confused the patronymic of Antonina with her name and in the end in school documents it was like Antonina Makarova. This confusion has become the beginning of the fact that in all subsequent documents, including in the passport and the Komsomolsk ticket, the name of Antonina was recorded as Antonina Makarovna Makarov. Parents did not fix this lack.

Special zeal K. exact sciences Antonina did not show, she liked her more history and geography. In the village school he studied 8 years, after which the family moved to Moscow, where the girl graduated from the remaining two classes. After school entered the school, and then - in the technical school, going to become a doctor.

Personality

In the documentary series " The investigation was led ..."Leading Leonid Kanevsky expressed the version that in 1941, when the Great Patriotic War began, 21-year-old Makarov went to the front, inspired by many Soviet girls, ways of Anki-Machinters from the film" Chapaev" It could explain why in the future she agreed to take a machine gun as an instrument of execution. Psychiatrist Mikhail Vinogradov, who spoke there, just said: " She wanted to kill ... For such people, the murder is the norm of life and no remorse of conscience [they] no", And, in his opinion, if she had hit the front with a soldier, then he would shoot the Germans as well as in their future victims.

Actions on the side of "Locodsky self-government"

In the future, giving testimony, Makarova stated that he just pursued the goal to survive and get warm after long walkers, and was also very afraid of death, because of what, when the Germans began to ask her, began to scold soviet power. She wrote to his fears and then why voluntarily arrived in the local auxiliary police, where he initially beat the arrested anti-fascists, but Ober-burgomaster Bronislav Kaminsky considered this work for her inappropriate, and Makarova issued a Maxim machine gun for the execution of death sentences, To which the Soviet partisans and their family members were sentenced. According to Makarov, the Germans clearly did not want to paint his hands, and they decided that it would be better if the Soviet partisans execute the Soviet girl. For consent to participate in the shooters, the Germans settled Makarov in the room at the local cone, where she kept and the machine gun.

At the very first execution of Makarov, though he kept persistently, but could not shoot in any way, because of what the Germans were driving her alcohol. With the following shootings, alcohol was no longer needed. At the interrogation of the investigators of Makarov, his attitude to the shooting explained like this:

I did not know those whom I shoot. They did not know me. Therefore, I was not ashamed before them. It happened, shoot, you will come closer, and someone else is twitching. Then she shot himself in his head so that the person would not suffer. Sometimes several plywood pieces have been suspended on the chest with the words "partisans". Some sang something before death. After executions, I cleaned a machine gun in a guard room or in the courtyard. The cartridges were in prosperity ...

She also stated that she was never tormented by remorse, and none of the dead was in dreams, since the executions themselves were not perceived by something unusual. Nevertheless, at interrogations later, she remembered the circumstances of one of the executions, where the guy's sentenced to shoot before death for some reason shouted her: "I will not see you again; Farewell, sister! " Enclosed on the execution to her sent by groups of about 27 people. There were days when she performed mortal sentences three times a day. According to official data, it shot about 1,500 people, but only 168 people managed to restore passport details. For each shooting, Makarova received 30 Reichsmarocks. After the shootings, Makarov removed her clothes to her with the corpses, motivating it like this: "What is good to disappear?" Often she complained that large spots of blood and holes from the bullets remain on the clothes of the killed. Eyewitnesses recalled that often at night Makarov came to a local cone, where the Germans staged a prison for the sentenced, and intently examined the prisoners, as if her things had looked after them in advance.

Makarova often removed the tension at the local music club, where he used alcohol in large quantities and, along with several other local girls, worked as a prostitute for German soldiers. Such a rampant life led to the fact that in the summer of 1943, Makarov was submitted to the German rear hospital for treatment from venereal diseases, and thus escaped the capture by the partisans and the Red Army, when they were released the elbow on September 5. In the rear of Makarov, a novel with a German cook-Efreitor, who secretly took her in his mound to Ukraine, and from there to Poland. There the Efreitor was killed, and Makarov, the Germans sent to the concentration camp in Königsberg. When in 1945, the Red Army seized the city, Makarov issued itself to the Soviet nurse thanks to the stolen military card, which indicated that from 1941 to 1944 he worked in the 422-centitarian battalion, and got a nurse to the Soviet Mobile Hospital.

Here, in the local hospital, she met wounded during the storming of the city by a soldier Viktor Ginzburg. A week later, they signed, Makarova took the surname of her husband.

After the war

Antonina and her husband settled in Lepele (Belarusian SSR) (it was the native city of Victor) and they had two daughters. Antonina worked as a controller in the sewing workshop at the local sewing factory, where the quality of products was monitored. She was considered a responsible and conscientious worker, her photograph often turned out to be at the local board of honor. However, worked there for many years, Antonina did not have any friends. Faina Tarasik, who at that time was an inspector of the factory's personnel department, recalled that Antonina was very closed, a malicious and during collective holidays tried to drink alcohol as much as possible (probably she was afraid to say). Ginzburg was considered respected front-line and received all benefits to veterans. Neither husband, nor neighbors, nor familiar families knew about the true Personality of Antonina.

Arrest, court, execution

State security bodies began to search for Makarov immediately after the elbow was liberated from the Germans. However, the surviving residents of the village could tell the investigators only stingy information, since they all knew Makarov only like a thin-powered machine gunner. The search for Makarova was stretched for 30 years, and only in 1976 the case moved from the dead point when one man pounced in Bryansk on the city square with his fists on a certain Nikolai Ivanin, in which he learned the head of the Locodsk prison in the period of German occupation. Ivanin, who, like Makarov, was hiding all this time, did not unlock and described in detail about his then activity, at the same time mentioning Makarov (with which he had a short-term novel). And although it was mistakenly called Antonina Anatolyevna Makarov by mistake (and at the same time mistakenly reported that she was a Muscovite), it was a large hook, and the KGB began to develop a list of citizens of the USSR with the name of Antonina Makarova. However, it was not necessary to Makarov in it, because the list contained only those women who were under this name are recorded at birth. The desired Makarova at birth was registered under the name of Parfinov.

File: Antonina Ginzburg-2.jpg

Antonina Ginzburg (extreme right of sitting) during presentation for identification

Initially, the investigators mistakenly reached another Makarov, which lived in Serpukhov. Ivanin agreed to conduct identification, and he was brought to Serpukhov and settled in a local hotel. The next day, Ivanin committed suicide in the room for unclear reasons. Then the KGB found other surviving witnesses who knew Makarov in the face, but they all could not identify it, so the searches began again.

Her real last name has become known when one of her brothers living in Tyumen, being an employee of the Ministry of Defense, filled out a questionnaire in 1976 to leave abroad. A surveillance was installed in Lepele behind Makarova, but after a week it had to stop it, because Makarov began to suspect something. After that, for the whole year, investigators left her alone and all this time was collected on her materials and evidence. At one of the concerts dedicated to the Victory Day, the spotted Chekist started with Makarova Talk: Makarova could not answer his questions about the locations of the military units, where she served, and about the names of her commanders - she referred to the bad memory and the limitation of events.

In July 1978, investigators decided to conduct an experiment: they brought one of the witnesses to the factory, while Antonina, under a fictional pretext, brought to the street in front of the building. The witness, watching her from the window, identified it, but one of this identification was little, and therefore the investigators staged another experiment. They brought two witnesses to the leprenel, one of which played a worker of a local trade owl, where Makarov was allegedly caused to recalculate her pension. She recognized the Machine-Maker's thinner. The second witness was sitting outside the building with the investigator KGB and also recognized Antonin. In September of the same year, Antonina was arrested on the way from the place of work to the head of the personnel department. The investigator Leonid Savodkin, who attended her arrest, later recalled that Antonina behaved very calmly and immediately understood everything.

Antonina was delivered to Bryansk, where it was placed in the local SIZO in the 54th chamber. At first, the investigators were afraid that she would like to commit suicide, so a woman was put into her camera, "whispered". She recalled that Makarov still was very cool and confident that she would give her a maximum of three years as because of her age, and because of the prescription of those events (she even made plans for life After the release). For the interrogation, she was called by itself, where she demonstrated all the same composure, responding directly to the questions. Sergey Nikonenko B. documentary film « Retribution. Two Lives Machine Guns"He said that Antonina was sincerely sure that she had nothing to punish her, and everything wrote off on the war. No less calmly she behaved in the investigative experiments when she was brought to the elbow. During the investigation, she never remembered his family. Viktor Ginzburg, not knowing the reasons for the arrest of his wife, always tried to achieve her liberation, after which the investigators had to tell him the truth, because of what Ginzburg, along with the children, went to the unknown direction from the lepel (their further fate It remained unknown).

Court

November 20, 1978 Judge Bryansky regional Court Ivan Brobokov sentenced her to the highest punishment - the death penalty. Antonina perceived this, as always, calmly, but from the same day she began to file the petitions about the pardon (although she recognized her guilt) in

Antonina Makarova (or Antonina Ginzburg) - a woman who has become a bill during the war for many Soviet partisans and received a nickname "Slotch Machinery" for it. She led to the execution of more than 1.5 thousand sentences of the fascists, forever covering their name in the indelible shame.

A powder-gunner was born in the Smolensk region, in a small village, a small wolf in the 1920s. At birth, she had the name of Parfenov. Because of the wrong entry in the school journal Antonina Makarovna Parfenova "lost" his real name and turned into Antonina Makarovna Makarov. This surname was used by it in the future.

At the end of the school, Antonin went to study in the technical school, intending to become a physician. When the war began, the girl was 21 years old. Inspired by Anki-gunners, Makarova went to the front "beat enemies." Presumably, it was this who fought her to take such a weapon as a machine gun. Professor Psychiatry Alexander Bukhanovsky investigated the identity of this woman in his time. He suggested that she could have a mental deflection.

In 1941, Makarova managed to escape in the Vyazemsky operation, a catastrophic defeat of the Soviet Army near Moscow. For several days she was hiding in the forests. Then he captured the fascists. With the help of Private Nikolai Fedchuk, she managed to escape. Wrinkles on the forests began again, which did not affect the psychological state of Antonina.

After a few months, the woman was in the Locos Republic. Having lived for a while at the local peasant, Antonina noticed that the Soviet citizens who collaborated with the Germans were not bad here. Then she went to work on the fascists.

Later on the court of Makarov explained this act by desire to survive. At first she served in the auxiliary police and beat the prisoners. The police chief, assessing its efforts, ordered to issue a zealous macarow machine gun. From that moment on, it was officially appointed by the Palach. The Germans considered: it will be much better if the Soviet girl will shoot the partisans. And it's not necessary to get a dip himself, and the enemy demoralizes it.

In the new post, Makarov received not only a more suitable weapon, but also a separate room. To make the first shot, Antonina had to drink pretty. Then the case went "like oil." All other executions of the gun-gunner produced on a sober head. Later in court, she explained that he did not belong to those whom he shot as ordinary people. For her, they were strangers, and therefore they were not sorry.

Antonina Makarova "worked" with rare cynicism. She always personally checked whether "work" was performed qualitatively. In the case of missed, it was impedant wounded. At the end of the shooting, she removed good things from the corpses. It came to the fact that Makarov became the eve of executions to bypass the barracks with prisoners and choose those who had good clothes.

After the war, the Marthercher's Tongleman said that he never regretted anything about anything about anyone. She did not dream of nightmares, were not in the visions killed by her. She did not feel any repentance, which indicates a psychopathic type of personality.

Antonina Makarova "worked" is extremely hard. Shot of Soviet partisans and their relatives three times a day. At its account more than 1.5 thousand ruined shower. For each executioner in the skirt received 30 German Reichsmarocks. In addition, the thinner provided intimate services to German soldiers. By 1943 she had to be treated from a whole bouquet of venereal diseases in the German rear. Just at that time, the elbow was removed from the fascists.
Then Makarova began to hide from the Russians, and from the Germans. She saved a military ticket somewhere and betrayed himself for a nurse. At the end of the war, on this ticket, she worked as a medical sister in one of the hospitals for the Red Army. There she met ordinary Viktor Ginzburg and soon became his wife.

After the war, Ginzburg settled in the Belarusian city of Lepel. Antonina gave birth to 2 daughters and began to work as a quality controller on the sewing factory. It was extremely closed. I never drank, probably fearing to break through my past. For a long time, no one guessed about him.

Security bodies were looking for a thin-powered machine-gunger. Only in 1976 were able to reach her mark. Two years later, she was found and conducted identification. Immediately, several witnesses confirmed the personality of Makarov, who was already at that time Ginzburg. During the arrest, and then the investigation and the court, she behaved amazingly coldly. A powder-gunner could not understand what they want to punish her. She considered his actions in wartime quite logical.

Husband Antonina did not know what he was arrested by his wife. When investigators told the man of the truth, he took the children and left the city forever. Where he began to live afterwards, it is not known. At the end of November 1978, the court sentenced Antonina Ginzburg to the death penalty. She perceived the sentence calmly. Later wrote a few of the pasts about pardon. August 11, 1979 was executed.