Abstract on the topic of Japanese three-line hokku. Literature Lesson "Japanese Hokku Poetry
LITERATURE LESSON IN GRADE 7
Topic: Japanese poetry
Purpose: to give general idea about Japanese poetry; introduce Japanese
in three lines - hokku; develop the speech of students;
cultivate a love of beauty
During the classes:
Introductory speech of the teacher.
Do the words "hokku", "tanka" mean anything to you?
What country do you associate these words with?
Hokku and tanka are Japanese poems.
And today, in the lesson, we will talk about classical Japanese poetry - poems written far from us and not at all like our country.
You probably noticed that the topic of the lesson is not indicated, only a general name has been given to what will be discussed in the lesson.
I suggest that you yourself come up with a name for the lesson, depending on what kind of response it will find in your soul.
This can be a phrase you formulated yourself or heard in the lesson. And at the end of the lesson, you will voice it.
Today's lesson is a kind of excursion. And let the leaf in front of you be a guide.
So Japanese poetry. It is, of course, not like ours and may at first seem very strange and incomprehensible to you. But one cannot immediately conclude from this that these are bad poems. After all, even the poems written many centuries ago have not been forgotten, they are translated into different languages, type.
When I don't like something about art, I ask myself: maybe I'm not a very good viewer or reader? Maybe I haven't made my soul work?
Japanese poetry requires an attempt to look at the world through the eyes of an inhabitant of the Land of the Rising Sun - a person who is accustomed to seeing the great in the small, noticing the beauty in the most ordinary and admiring it: a dewdrop on a flower, scarlet maple leaves, a bizarre stone or the flight of a butterfly.
Therefore, the main credo of the Japanese lies in the old wisdom:
Peer into the familiar -
And you will see the unexpected.
Peer into the ugly -
And you will see beautiful things.
Peer into the simple -
And you will see the complex.
Peer into the small -
And you will see great things.
These words will become the epigraph of today's lesson.
What words do you think are key to this wisdom?
Behind these words is the life philosophy of the Japanese: peer to see and understand the essence of things.
It is no coincidence that the culture of contemplation - admiring beauty - is so developed in Japan.
There are even national holidays associated with admiring nature:
Hanami - admiring sakura flowers
Momijimi - admiring the scarlet maple leaves
Yukimi - admiring the snow.
Tsukimi - admiring the moon.
Formation of background knowledge: contemplation and aestheticism.
Hear a poem by the seventeenth-century Japanese poet Matsuo Basho.
They looked at the moon.
Finally - we can breathe! -
A fleeting cloud.
What did this poem tell you about?
What makes it possible for the heroes of the poem to take a breath?
You've probably seen Japan on TV more than once: what huge overpopulated cities there are, where it seems that there is no nature left. The Japanese subway is so crowded that during rush hour special people "tamp" passengers to close the doors of the cars.
This country has the longest among the developed countries work week;
even with a cold, the Japanese will not allow himself to spend several days in bed.
It would seem when to admire nature?
And yet, coming home from work, he can go to his little garden, to the balcony, or just sit in front of a bonsai, a dwarf tree, and relax his soul, communicating with nature.
One flower can replace the whole world for him.
What can you say about the hero of this poem?
During the night bindweed
Around the bucket of my well.
I'll take water from my neighbor
Calligraphy exercise.
Concentration is characteristic of the Japanese. Even their letter testifies to this, And about a special approach to life, admiration for beauty. Calligraphy - beautiful writing - they also have art. Calligraphers write with a brush, black ink on silk or thin rice paper. And even compete in art to write beautifully, for example, their name.
And children are taught at school to write hieroglyphs beautifully.
Try it and you write your name beautifully on a piece of paper (space is reserved for this)
What do you think a person should feel when he writes beautifully for a long time, leisurely?
4. Formation of background knowledge: symbolism of the seasons.
The Japanese reader is an empathetic and talented collaborator. In expressive details, he restores the whole world. But it is easier for him than for us. He knows many things that are unknown to us. A hint is enough for him where we need to explain everything.
Here's another poem:
What sadness!
Suspended in a small cage
Captive cricket
What mood is this poem imbued with?
What do you think caused this sadness?
Can you tell what time of year is shown?
It is clear to the Japanese reader that we are talking about autumn here: autumn evenings on street stalls, cages with singing insects - crickets, or cicadas - are sold. The townspeople keep them at home to listen to the “voices of autumn”. And Basho's sadness is caused primarily by the feeling of autumn.
The seasons are not always spoken of directly. You can only see an indication of a particular season.
Winter is winter plum, snow, frost, black color;
Spring - flowering of fruit trees, willow in fluff, song of frogs, peony, heavy rain;
Summer - lotus, nightingale, cuckoo.
Autumn - singing insects, chrysanthemums, yellow leaves, drizzling rain.
The Japanese are especially fond of autumn, which is very beautiful and lasts longer than other seasons.
Deserted garden ...
Nysinno
How did you understand this poem?
Spring - Summer - Autumn - Winter are not just seasons.
Each person's life has its own - spring, summer, autumn, winter. The natural world is connected with the human world.
Formation of theoretical knowledge: the form of the hokku.
Now is the time to say that the verses you hear today are called haiku (haiku)
The smallest eastern country accustomed to everything small: small comfortable houses, ready for any disasters, a minimum of atmosphere in them; dwarf trees, small rock gardens, short poems - hokku.
Haiku- a lyrical three-verse about nature, man, his feelings. It depicts the life of nature and man in their integral, indissoluble unity against the background of the cycle of the seasons.
Writing a hockey is not easy. It obeys certain rules, which are quite strict.
True, you can easily find digressions. This is the fault of the translators: it is difficult to follow the rules. But the Japanese will immediately notice and say the same thing that you say when the rhythm of the poem is broken: "It is awkward." Therefore, the Japanese poet never deviates from the rules.
There are always three lines in a hokku. Unlike Russian poetry, where stressed and unstressed syllables alternate, this is not important for Japanese. But the number of syllables matters. And if our poet can choose any size, short or long lines, then in hokku the length of the lines is strictly defined:
1 verse - 5 syllables
Verse 2 - 7 syllables
Verse 3 - 5 syllables
Usually the hokku can be divided into two parts: one line + two or vice versa. And they are connected not logically, but by association.
The simplicity of the haiku is that perfect simplicity, behind which is the constant work of the soul, sensitivity in the perception of the world.
One Western literary critic compared a Japanese poem to a gem that cannot be enlarged, but which can be made even more beautiful by polishing and perfecting its facets. Grinding the outlined edges is not only a matter for the author, but also for the reader. And the richer it is inner world, the more subtly he knows how to feel, the deeper his soul will respond to the call of the poet's soul sounded in the hokku, the brighter this little precious stone will sparkle.
Almost every educated Japanese person has composed several hokku in their life.
Writer Ihara Saikaku wrote 600 thousand hokku in one day.
Of course, this does not mean that there are millions of poets in Japan. You can lie on the couch out of boredom, you can watch a TV series, or you can write a hokku. Let it be imperfect. If the author does not rise up by composing it, then, in any case, he will not belittle himself.
Let's try and write a hokka with you. But first, let's remember what the requirements are.
Let's call them.
And yet, haku is always a hint, a mystery, an understatement, since it is very short. Funds poetic speech very stingy. Hokku avoids epithet and metaphor if he can do without them.
Attempt at writing.
Take a look at these flowers. Do you like them? And what associations do they evoke.
Sun of associations (on the board)
Tenderness
Snowdrop
Now try writing a haiku.
Chamomile.
About dear friend
I won't ask chamomile.
Let it bloom.
What tenderness!
I froze in front of the flower:
Fascinated by him.
Snowdrop.
A flower has broken through
Through the cold ground
I'm waiting for the warmth.
The earth is cold.
Only a fragile snowdrop
It gives her warmth.
Examination of reproductions of paintings by Ando Hiroshige
Why does the artist leave white space?
You have already understood that the main thing in poetry and in pictures is a hint. We must understand and think it over.
The main principle of Japanese art is expressed in a parable, which is told to those who begin to learn the traditional Japanese art of flower arrangement - ikebane.
“U Senno Rikyu (a famous tea ceremony master who lived inXvicentury) was a beautiful garden famous for dodder flowers. The ruler himself wanted to see this garden. Having warned the owner in advance, the distinguished guest arrived in the garden early in the morning.
But what did he see? All the flowers were cut, and only one was used for the ikebana. "Why did you do this?" the surprised ruler asked. "Many flowers would scatter your attention, - the master replied, - and this one - the most beautiful - is designed to embody the beauty of the entire garden."
Let's turn to Russian painting.
What lines of Russian poets do you remember when you look at these reproductions?
For all the dissimilarity of Russian and Japanese art, is it possible to find any points of contact, something in common?
Conclusion
Many of us do not know that one can listen with delight to the singing of frogs, do not know how to admire stones or a flowering tree for hours. Our geese fly away in the fall and arrive in the spring. In Japan, the opposite is true.
But many things in our views coincide:
beauty and sadness of golden autumn, delight from a blooming garden and joy from the first snow ...
The world is beautiful ... You just need to look closely.
And don't the lines of N. Rylenkov and the old Japanese wisdom, which became the epigraph of this lesson, overlap.
In conclusion, listen to the song of David Tukhmanov and think about what is in tune with Japanese poetry (admiration for the beauty of the world)
Lesson topic : Japanese hokku... Features of the genre. Matsuo Basho. Kobayashi Issa.
Lesson objectives : - to give an idea of a Japanese poem - hokku or haiku;
Explore life and creative way Japanese poets Matsuo Basho and
Kobayashi Issa;
Revealing and development of students' creative abilities;
Moral and aesthetic education of students.
During the classes:
Teacher. Hello guys. It's springtime, and I hope you are in a good mood and the lesson will be fruitful. Today we will talk about Japan - the Land of the Rising Sun and its poetry. According to legend, Japan was formed from a string of drops that rolled down from the heroic spear of the god Izanagi, who separated the earthly firmament from the sea abyss. The curved chain of islands really looks like frozen drops. Ancient history and the exoticism of the country irresistibly attracts Europeans. But the closer they get to know Japan, the more they understand how unusual the perception of the world and man in this world is in the understanding of the Japanese. Fussy Europeans are constantly trapped here. For example, only in Japan is the following situation possible: you return to the hotel and ask the receptionist:
Did they call me?
Yes.
Who?
Nobody.
Otherwise, the Japanese administrator could not answer: to say right away that no one called is to seriously offend, even offend you, since no one needed you for a whole day.
This situation gives us a clue to understanding Japanese etiquette.
You should always take care of the self-esteem of even a stranger; treat elders with special respect, even if they are wrong; to be attentive to people and the surrounding nature. From childhood, any Japanese are taught in the midst of the daily hustle and bustle, worries, hustle and bustle to find moments to admire the sunset, the first flower, listen to the rustle of foliage and the drumbeat of rain drops. These moments are remembered so that in difficult minutes life "leaf through" them, like old photographs, in which we are always younger and happier. And then the strength appears to forget about the hardships and live on. Probably, it is at such moments that poems are born:
The first snow in the morning.
He barely ducked
Daffodil leaves.
Or
Visiting cherry blossoms
I have stayed neither more nor less
Twenty happy days!
Basho.
He dropped his head to the ground.
As if the whole world was turned upside down, -
Snow-crushed bamboo.
Basho.
There's a moon in the sky
As if a tree had been cut down at the root.
A fresh cut turns white.
Basho.
Teacher. Unusual verses for us were recited.
- Why are they unusual?
- What were you thinking when you listened to these verses?
- what pictures appeared in your imagination?
These lyrical poems are called haiku or hokku. They became popular in Japan in the 16th and 17th centuries. Each poem is organized according to certain laws: in every - only three lines of seventeen syllables (5 -7 -5 syllables). Hokku do not have rhymes and are built on the basis of one poetic image, one detail, thought, and at the same time they are fraught with a lot of the unexpected. Hokku themes are diverse: love, nature, art, life. Hokku is akin to the art of painting. They were often painted on the subjects of paintings and, in turn, inspired artists; sometimes they turned into a component of the picture in the form of a calligraphic inscription on it. Sometimes poets resorted to methods of representation, akin to the art of painting. This, for example, is Buson's three-line:
Rape flowers around.
The sun goes out in the west.
The moon rises in the east.
Often the poet creates not visual, but sound images. The howl of the wind, the chirping of cicadas, the cries of a pheasant, the singing of a nightingale and a lark, the voice of a cuckoo - each sound has a special meaning, gives rise to certain moods and feelings.
The lark sings
A resounding blow in the thicket
The pheasant echoes him.
Usually the first two lines describe a certain phenomenon, and the third line summarizes what was said, often unexpected:
Burns me with sparkling eyes
Everything - both trees and stones ...
Again after a shower of heat!
Mukai Kerai
What is more stupid than darkness!
I wanted to catch a firefly -
and ran into a thorn.
Matsuo Basho
And sometimes, on the contrary, for an introduction to the topic, one first line is enough, and to summarize, two subsequent ones are required:
Young foliage ...
Oh! Three thousand warriors
Hidden in it!
Masaoka Shiki
It calls us to think about the meaning of the lines, to feel the beauty. Open inner vision and inner hearing. After all, much is hidden, not agreed upon. The first line in the hokku draws us the general picture contemplated by the author. The second draws our attention to what attracted the attention of the poet himself. The third is the trace that the painting left in the artist's soul.
Working in pairs:
Try to "collect" hokku from individual words and paint a picture that appears in your imagination.
Reading the poems "Draw for me, a picture, an artist" and "Draw for me, an artist, love." I think that these poems will be a kind of hint for you - what and how to draw.
1. Old, frog, into the water, a pond, in silence, jumped, splash. (Basho)
2. I, and, it blew with what, in, with an ax, hit, wintry, aroma, froze, forest (Buson)
3. An hour, I stand, and, lost, a peony, like, evening, plucked (Buson)
4. Herbs, about, inthere is, autumn, fox, brought, Forest, Rfemale, in, withered.(Buson)
5. Melt, mountains, crow, tuman, shrouded in, croaks,snow. ( Issa)
The guys demonstrate their pictures and read the resulting hokku.
Teacher. In Japan, every educated person should be proficient in both calligraphy and versification. From the 16th century until mid-January, a traditional poetry competition has been held in Japan. Tens of thousands of poems on a given topic are submitted to this nationwide competition. We will also try to compete with each other in the composition of the hokku, based on the famous poems of Basho. - the analysis of the strings invented by the students is carried out and compared with the strings of Basho.
Substitute missing words and phrases that are appropriate in meaning in these three-verses, justify your decision.
The flowers are withered.
The seeds are falling,
As if<…….> .
Quiet moonlit night.
Heard in the depths<….>.
<………………..>
From branch to branch
Drops quietly run down.
< ……………….. >
Lesson summary: We, the inhabitants of Russia, are accustomed to the scale in everything, to the eternal vanity and haste. And Japanese poetry does not tolerate haste and is designed for slow reading. In Japanese art, the human world and nature exist as one whole. Everyone can ask the question: what is a hokku for at all? Hokku develop extraordinary thinking, enrich vocabulary, teach to formulate the idea of a work, allow you to feel like a creator at least for a moment.
Reading the hokku, we plunged into wonderful world Japanese poetry. And for this we didn't have to go to Japan at all. The key to it can be any piece of paper that can fit three short lines. Having touched this miracle, we saw how the objects that have surrounded you all your life and seemed ordinary, so boring and silent, suddenly come to life. It turns out that each of them have their own soul, their own character.
D \ W try to compose your hokku
Scientists claim that America was discovered once, but Japan is still being discovered. The cultural traditions of this country seem unusual to Europeans. This explains the enduring interest in Japanese culture. We wanted. so that this lesson becomes for students a kind of discovery of this country, its culture and literature, which is called the "soul of the people."
Download:
Preview:
Japanese three-line hokku.
Goals and objectives:
- In a fascinating way, to acquaint students with the cultural traditions and art of Japan, with the genre of the lyric poem hokku, the personality of its actual founder Basho.
- To draw the attention of students to the moral meaning of Japanese traditions (the spiritualization of nature, the protection of all living things, the ability to find beauty in the ordinary).
- Develop students' creative thinking through the creation of verbal miniatures on the theme of the selected hokku, drawings and paper crafts.
- Work on the aesthetic education of students on the material of this lesson through illustrations, music, expressive reading poetry.
During the classes:
1. Introductory speech of the teacher.
Scientists claim that America was discovered once, but Japan is still being discovered. The cultural traditions of this country seem unusual to Europeans. This explains the enduring interest in Japan. Perhaps our lesson will serve for you guys, a kind of discovery of this country, introduce you to the cultural traditions of Japan, literature, which is rightly called the "soul of the people."
2.Verification homework(according to the textbook article).
Teacher:
You know from the textbook article that the hokku is a short lyric poem. And what is the advantage of a short poem? (you can concisely convey your thought).
What is the subject of the hokku depiction? (Nature).
How is hokku different from a proverb?
What do hokku have in common with painting?
Why didn't the poets try to explain everything in their hokku to the end? (the poet's task is to awaken the imagination).
3. A student's word about Matsuo Basho.
In 1644, the son of Munefusa was born to a poor samurai - the future great poet... His father and brothers were educated people, they taught calligraphy. As an adult, the young man went to serve the local feudal lord. It seemed that his life would be calm and comfortable. But suddenly, to the surprise and protest of his relatives, he left the service and went to the city. He wrote poetry and dreamed of printing them. His talent was appreciated. Magazines published his poems, he often performed at poetry tournaments. But fame did not bring him wealth. He, as they say, had neither stake nor yard. A wealthy student presented him with a hut. The poet planted banana seedlings nearby, which he loved very much. And he began to sign the poems with the word "Basho", which means "banana tree". The poet was not ashamed of his poverty. He believed that the main thing is to be able to see beauty, understand it, do what you love and be independent. Once a bad weather befell him - the hut and all the simple belongings burned down. He wrote:
Wanderer! This word
Will be my name.
Long autumn rain.
The poet set off on the roads of Japan. I endured need, cold and hunger. Friends built a new house for him. But, having lived there for a while, Basho hit the road again. After each trip, a new collection of poems. And in verses - sketches rural life, pictures of nature, reflections on life. Basho had many students who revolutionized Japanese poetry. There is no Japanese who does not know at least a few Basho's hoku by memory. His poems are appreciated and loved in Japan. In our lesson, you will hear the hokku of Basho and other Japanese poets.
4 . Questions-informants. Students should find answers to these questions in the tutorial article.
1) In Russian folk poetry, willow is a symbol of sadness. It is not for nothing that the song says "weeping willow". Read the hokku, which proves that the Japanese willow is also the personification of sadness, sadness.
(All the excitement, all the sadness
Of your humble heart
Give it back to the flexible willow.)
2) One of the journalists working in Japan wrote that the colors of everyday kimono (national clothes) remind of gray sea sand, seaweed scattered on it, mossy stones, and the leaden surface of the ocean. These colors of Japanese nature correspond to the worldview of Buddhism (one of the country's traditional religions), which finds incomprehensible beauty in them. Incomprehensible beauty of discreet, everyday .... Isn't Basho talking about her in one of his hokku?
(Thawed patches in the snow.
And in it - light purple
Asparagus stalk).
3) Now let's turn to the hokku of another famous Japanese poet Kabayashi Issa.
In July and December, the Japanese travel to where they were born and raised. After a meeting with their homeland, they return loaded with products of local craftsmen, marinades and homemade smoked meats. From looking at a wooden doll, carved by a village neighbor, from savoring a plum pickled according to a country recipe, from photographs of his native places, the Japanese feel warms in his heart. Everything that seemed familiar before suddenly changes wonderfully and seems the most beautiful. And then the lines of the poet Issa about the homeland arise in memory. Read these lines.
(In my homeland
Cherry blossoms
And there is grass in the fields).
4) It is customary for the Japanese to sit with the whole family and admire some natural phenomenon... The Japanese cherry-sakura is blooming, and all the neighbors will sit in a circle under the cherries and admire the tender pink flowers. At this hour, they feel like one big family, which will be together both in work and on vacation. Find a hakku that the Japanese could read at that hour.
(There are no strangers between us.
We are all brothers to each other
Under cherry blossoms).
5. Listening to Ravel's piece "The Empress of the Figurines".
6. Students talk about Japanese traditions.
Matryoshka.
The famous Russian nesting doll has its roots in the Japanese kokeshi doll. The first Russian nesting doll of eight figures, depicting a girl in a sarafan and a headscarf, was created by the Moscow artist Sergei Malyutin. In 1898, at a fair in Moscow, he bought a Japanese wooden doll, carved in the shape of an egg, inside which one could find another. An image of a gray-haired old man was applied to the lathe mold. The toy was painted with faded colors. Malyutin asked the turner to make a mold, and painted the toy in his own way. And he gave her a simple Russian name - Matryosha.
Then other craftsmen began to grind such dolls. She took root in the Nizhny Novgorod land, in Semyonov. Unlike the Japanese one, our doll is a favorite toy of children. younger age... In Japan, the doll has a different purpose. They are used to decorate houses. It is a subject of admiration during the celebration of Boys 'Day and Girls' Day.
And you are the lodgers
Found in the spring, my hut.
You will become a dollhouse.
Girls' holiday.
They came out of the house ...
How could I forget your faces?
A couple of holiday dolls?
(Yosa Buson)
Adult girl seeing her dolls. Remembers the wonderful children's party... March 3 is celebrated in Japan as the day of girls - the Festival of dolls - Hina Matsuri. This is a kind and quiet holiday. Especially girls from 7 to 15 years old are waiting for him. On this day, she and her mothers in smart kimonos go to visit, give and receive gifts, treat themselves to sweets and admire dolls. After the holiday, they are carefully wrapped in paper, placed in boxes and put away until next year.
Boys' holiday.
Boys' Day is celebrated on 5 May. It is called tango-no sekku. This holiday is associated primarily with military valor and dignity. A samurai doll in full combat gear is always installed on the top step. Samurai is a Japanese knight. The doll should not only please the eye with bright decoration, but also bring up in boys courage, perseverance, fortitude, desire for victory, that is, the qualities necessary for a samurai. For a long time there are no samurai in Japan, but the customs of the holiday persist, because it is not bad for modern young people to have a real masculine character.
Pungent radish and harsh
Male conversation
With a samurai.
Fans.
In Japan, there is a concept of "graceful leisure". One of these leisure activities is making a fan.
Fans were used by representatives of the most diverse social classes and for a wide variety of matters: in theatrical performances and dance, poetry and social life, as well as with the breeze of rice or wheat. The fan was also used as a deadly military weapon, and such use of the fan first appeared in Japan, and in no other country in the world. Gifts were presented on a fan.
Oh, the wind from the Fuji slope!
Would bring you on a fan to the city,
Like a precious gift.
Origami.
Origami is a very ancient art. He is the same age. How much paper, which was invented in China more than two thousand years ago. From China, paper migrated to Japan. It was very expensive and was only used in temples. At weddings, the bride and groom exchanged paper butterflies. Over time, paper figures have become toys for children. The Japanese called this art origami ("ori" - folding, "gami" - paper). For centuries this art existed in Japan, and now it has spread throughout the world.
Ikebana.
Another "graceful leisure" is kebana - the art of making bouquets. Each composition is a symbol of wildlife brought into the house. According to the laws of ikebana, a bouquet should consist of plants of different heights: high - the sky, medium - people, low - the earth. Ikebana should have 5 flowers (or multiples of five). The art of making bouquets is taught to children from a young age.
Ikebana is given to relatives or friends for a holiday, or simply out of good feelings, favor to each other. In the house of every Japanese, there is a special niche in the wall - the style, where there is always a vase with fresh flowers on a low stand. Sometimes flowers that never grow side by side in nature converge in an aquatic bouquet. Vladimir Tsvetov, the author of books about Japan, wrote that once in the family of a Japanese friend he saw chrysanthemums framed by bizarrely curved pine twigs. He was struck by the unusual combination of plants and their refined beauty.
Looking at this composition, he remembered the hokku:
Have seen everything
My eyes - and returned
To you, white chrysanthemums.
Chrysanthemums are the national flower of Japan. He became the subject of praise for poets and artists. There is a Chrysanthemum Festival in this country.
Feast of Chrysanthemums.
On September 9, all of Japan celebrates the Feast of Chrysanthemums.chrysanthemum buildings and flower beds are found in all cities. Cars decorated with colorful chrysanthemums drive through the streets.
Flowers for the exhibition are grown by schoolchildren, employees of firms and parks, housewives - everyone!
Only one bud is left on the chrysanthemum bush, cutting off all the extra buds. Then a single flower grows enormous.Japanese designers create huge real figures from chrysanthemums historical figures, heroes of legends and characters of literary works.
The doll's frame is made of bamboo, the head and arms are made of papier-mâché. The rest are chrysanthemums of different sizes and colors. The craftsmen renew the flowers every week. There is an order of chrysanthemums in Japan. This is the highest and most honorable award.
This plant is truly surrounded by love and care. There is a belief that dew collected from chrysanthemums prolongs life.
And the moth came.
He also drinks a fragrant infusion
From the petals of chrysanthemums.
Chrysanthemum petals were even made into tea.
Tea ceremony.
Another integral part of Japanese culture and Japanese life is the tea ceremony. It is no coincidence that they say not "tea drinking", but "ceremony". They drink tea, slowly bringing the cup to their mouth. The ceremony itself consists of two processes: boiling water, brewing tea (in powder) and preparing tea utensils. All with a special ceremonial movement of the hand and with a motionless, stern face. When preparing for the tea ceremony, they carefully select bouquets of flowers and tea utensils. The place for tea drinking is a special tea pavilion away from the bustle of the world. This medieval tradition has survived to this day. The journalist Tsvetov recalled how he once became a participant in a ceremony where everyone poured tea into cups and began to slowly drink tea. Everyone spoke so quietly, poured tea and arranged the poured so carefully that the guests from Russia also began to take cups and put them on the table slowly - slowly. Everyone moved as if spellbound.
Drinks her morning tea
The abbot is in an important calm.
Chrysanthemums in the garden.
7. Closing remarks from the teacher.
A feature of Japanese culture is that a person does not imagine himself as the master of nature, which he must conquer. On the contrary, the inhabitants of the Land of the Rising Sun gaze lovingly at nature, interact with it, trying not to disturb it. They know how to understand and feel it. And all the thoughts and feelings of a person, as you know, are reflected in literature, in poetry.
8. Homework.
Write an essay - a miniature on the proposed hokku.
Literary reading lesson and visual arts in 4th grade
Lesson topic: "Japanese poetry. Hokku. Drawing in the suibokuga technique"
Lesson objectives: acquaintance with Japanese poetry and painting
Formation in students of universal training activities;
Personal UUD: - foster an attentive attitude to the word, a benevolent attitude between students when working in pairs;
To form feelings of beauty on the basis of literary texts and paintings;
Regulatory UUD: - change the position of the listener, reader, viewer, depending on learning task; - navigate the accepted system of educational signs; - evaluate the results of work;
Cognitive UUD:- to acquaint children with the genre of Japanese poetry, hokku; Japanese painting of suibokuga; - navigate the content of the textbook; - find in the text the answer to the question asked; - generalize and classify educational material; formulate simple conclusions; - to be aware of the meaning of unfamiliar words from the context and illustrations of the textbook; - present a holistic picture of the world through integration with other subjects;
Communicative UUD: - to form the ability to listen and understand others;
- to form the ability to build a speech utterance in accordance with the tasks set;
- to form the ability to formulate their thoughts in oral and written form;
- to form the ability to work in pairs.
Equipment:
Computer, media projector, Japanese instrumental music, audio recording of the reading of the hokku in Russian.
I ... Organizational stage.
II ... Preparation for the active assimilation of new knowledge.
1) Introductory speech of the teacher.
Friends! I invite you to embark on an exciting journey.
Of all the unusual countries, this is perhaps the most unusual.
Here they eat not at the table, but on the floor. The fish is not fried, but eaten raw. They never celebrate their birthday here, but they certainly celebrate the birthday of the emperor. Here they never get angry with children and are very proud that they were born in this particular country and thank heaven for this.
What do you think this country is?
Yes, this is Japan.
Let's find out what's interesting in Japan.
You have colored stickers attached to your sheet. Read what is written inside, tell each other what you have learned about this country (first to your deskmate, some can be voiced aloud):
So, welcome to Japan.
III ... Working on a new topic.
Every educated person in Japan should be able to write beautifully, calligraphically and master the skill of versification.
LISTEN TO THESE VERSES. (Audio recording of the reading of the hokku)
Did you recognize these verses? What are their names?
Today in the lesson we have to discover the unusual world of Japanese poetry. One of the most common types of versification is Japanese poems - hokku(haiku), which appeared in the 17th - 18th centuries.
Guys, formulate and write down the topic of the lesson on the sheet.
Lesson topic : « Japanese poetry. Haiku »
Tell us what you would like to learn about today and what to learn in the lesson? (Answers of children)
The whole world has long recognized that the Japanese have a cult of beauty. Once upon a time, the ancestors of modern Japanese believed that every element of nature has a soul.
Let's take another look at these three verses and try to reveal some of their secrets.
WORK WITH PRINTED SHEETS.
Read 1 assignment. What needs to be done?
Hokku secrets:
With a red brush
The rowan was lit up.
Leaves were falling
I was born.
M. Tsvetaeva
I look - a fallen leaf
Again flew to the branch:
That was a butterfly.
Matsuo Basho
(Hokku has 3 lines and no rhyme or This is a three-line, verses don't rhyme).
Now let's try to define the structure of the hokku. This is task 2.
Read the math expression (5 + 7 + 5 = 17). This is another secret of the hokku, but only it can be deciphered in the text written in Japanese.
We do not speak Japanese, but we can compare the phonetic transcription of the original with the translation. Take a look at the table:
Work in pairs with the original, discuss possible options solutions. (Answers of children)
Clue:
Count the lines. (3)
Divide words into syllables (or count vowels). (5 + 7 + 5)
We will see that in the original the three verses correspond to the scheme 5+7+5
When translating, the number of syllables may vary. Count them up. (3 + 6 + 3)
However, the essence is conveyed correctly.
3) To understand the next secret of these verses, we will have to turn to textbook "Literary reading"(author V.Yu. Sviridova, grade 4, part 2, page 98) + Electronic textbook(www .cm .ru)
Let's read a few more hakku of Japanese poets and think about their images.
READING POEMS BY CHILDREN.
After reading, children are given an answer to the question:
What is the theme that these three verses have in common? ______________________ (nature theme).
If children find it difficult to answer, then can you ask a leading question about what the Japanese have always admired? (by nature)
And not just by nature, but in the center of the hokku alone artistic image, certainly addressed to one of the four seasons plus a certain mood.
READING poetry and determining the seasons and moods.
From here, from there -
They are good everywhere
Scarlet maples. (Buson)
The season is autumn, the clue is scarlet maple, the mood is admiration.
Have seen everything
My eyes - and returned
To you, white chrysanthemums ... (Issho)
The season is autumn, the hint is white chrysanthemums, the mood is sadness.
Throw a stone at me!
Cherry blossom branch
I just broke off. (Kikaku)
The season is spring, the hint is cherry blossoms, the mood is resentment.
How is it, friends?
A man looks at the cherry blossoms
And on the belt is a long sword! (Kyorai)
The season is spring, the hint is cherry blossoms, the mood is surprise.
To discover all the secrets of Japanese poetry, one lesson is not enough. Therefore, I really want you to work independently at home with Electronic textbookpage 98. Read with Adults Activity
Introduce your parents and friends to hokku, tell us what you learned in the lesson today.
FIZMINUTKA Game "Japanese school"
Students stand near their desks. First, they tilt to the right and wink with their right eye, then they tilt to the left and wink with their left eye.
After performing the inclinations, at the command of the teacher, the student standing behind the first desk must turn to the student behind him, bow, shake hands, the next student repeats the same until all students in the class have completed. The slope should be made as low as possible. The task is carried out at a fast pace, clearly and smoothly, without noise.
IV ... Drawing in the style of suibokuga. Presentation.
1) Introduction
What does a person need to be able to see the beauty around him? (be able to peer into the world, have a sensitive soul, be able to notice beauty in discreet signs)
The masters of Japanese poetry urged: look into the familiar - you will see the unexpected, look into the ugly - you will see the beautiful, look into the simple - you will see the complex, look into the particles - you will see the whole, look into the small - you will see the great!
Both the poet and the painter in Japan share the same understanding of nature, but highlighting the same moments in nature, they emphasized their attitude towards them.
2) Slide show and teacher story (1-5)
Mountain landscapes of Japan, its foggy islands, unusually beautiful nature cannot but excite. If we look at the works of masters of Japanese painting, we will note some extraordinary power of the bewitching mystery of nature. Everything is not just depicted, but conveyed as a jewel and uniqueness.
Favorite motives - mountains and waters, flowers and birds, grasses and insects. A monochrome or slightly tinted range of ink and mineral water paints allows you to create an unusually poetic, philosophical landscape in which the artist gave scope to his imagination.
3) Introduction to the style of suibokuga (slide 6-10).
Ink painting (suibokuga, or sumi-e) is a Chinese style adopted by Japanese artists in the 14th century. Gradually adapting to Japanese tastes, suibokuga became the mainstream of Japanese painting at the end of the 15th century.
Suibokuga is monochrome. It is characterized by the use of black ink (sumi), a solid form of charcoal, or made from soot, Chinese ink that is ground in ink, diluted with water, and brushed onto paper or silk.
Monochrome offers the artist an endless choice of tonal options that the Chinese have long recognized as the "colors" of mascara. Suibokuga sometimes allows for the use of real colors, but limits it to subtle, transparent strokes that always remain subordinate to the ink line.
4) Ink painting (slide 11-16)
5) Exhibition of works.
V ... Summing up the lesson. Reflection.
What new have you learned? What surprised you? Excited?
Our lesson ends. I thank you for your work, I think that your creative work deserve the highest mark.
Fill in the appropriate circle on the difficulty scale. Who was it very difficult for? Who is it very easy for? Check the box on the conquered summit of the mountains of creativity. Who put on the highest peak? Why?
Option 2
Take a look: This is a cherry blossom branch. But there are no flowers on it. Flowers are on your tables. If you are happy with today's lesson, if it left any mark on your soul, attach flowers to this branch. Let the miracle happen and it will bloom before your eyes.
VI ... Organization of homework.
By choice: find and bring other Japanese poets to the hokku lesson, or try to compose your own hokku on any topic. Depict the image created by the poet (or you) with a drawing.
Literature.
Butterflies flying: Japanese three-verses. M .: Labyrinth Press, 2002.
Barcheva T.F. In the land of the rising sun // Reading, learning, playing. -2003. - No. 4.
Basho. Lyrics. Minsk: Harvest, 2008.
Vladimirova N. Travel to the land of the rising sun // Literature. - 2004. - No. 45.
Gordeeva I.P. Plum blossom // Reading, learning, playing. - 2003. - No. 6.
Degtyarenko N.M. Hello Japan! // Reading, learning, playing. - 2003. - No.
Children's encyclopedia. 2001. - No. 10.
Karateeva T. Poetry of the East // Literature. - 2002. - № 42.
Kovalskaya M.V. Land of the Rising Sun // Reading, learning, playing. - 2008. - No. 6.
Pictures floating by // Sketch. - 2005. - No. 8.
Malyutin N. Do the Japanese Think Differently? Yes! // World Pathfinder. - 2001. - No. 3.
Encyclopedia for children. T. 13. Countries. Peoples. Civilization. / Ch. ed. M. Aksenov. M. Avanta +. 2003.
Annex 1.
Child worksheet
F.I. ____________________________________
Lesson topic : __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Hokku secrets :
Arrange the rhyme in verse. Compare them. Make a conclusion.
With a red brush
The rowan was lit up.
Leaves were falling
I was born.
M. Tsvetaeva
I look - a fallen leaf
Again flew to the branch:
That was a butterfly.
Matsuo Basho
Conclusion: ___________________________________________________
5+7+5=17
Working with the tutorial " Literary reading", Author V.Yu.Sviridov, p. 98. Read the hokku and answer the question.
What is the theme that these three verses have in common? _________________________
Appendix 2.
Japanese three-verses - hokku
I look - a fallen leaf
Again flew to the branch:
That was a butterfly.
Matsuo Basho
Autumn moon
Draws a pine tree with ink
In blue skies.
Ransetsu
Long day long
Sings - and will not get drunk
Lark in the spring.
Matsuo Basho
We planted trees in the garden.
Quiet, quiet, to cheer them up,
The autumn rain whispers.
Matsuo Basho
The duck clung to the ground.
Covered with a dress of wings
Your bare feet:
Matsuo Basho
The silence of the night.
Just behind the painting on the wall
The cricket is ringing and ringing.
Matsuo Basho
Quiet, quietly crawl
Snail on the Fuji slope,
Up to the heights!
Kobayashi Issa
Have seen everything in the world
My eyes - and returned
To you, white chrysanthemums.
Kosugi Issse
Do not quarrel on the way
Help each other like brothers
Migratory birds!
Kobayashi Issa
There are no strangers between us!
We are all brothers to each other
Under the cherry blossoms.
Kobayashi Issa
Cherries in spring bloom.
But I - oh woe! - powerless to open
The bag where the songs are hidden.
Matsuo Base
Oh, the wind from the Fuji slope!
I would bring you on a fan to the city,
Like a precious gift.
Matsuo Basho
Guests in our class!
Come again…. (We are so glad to see you!
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