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Main characters:

• Pierre Bezukhov- a young man, the illegitimate son of Count Kirill Bezukhov. Favorite positive hero of the author, who throughout the novel lives a life full of changes and trials. After the death of Count Bezukhov, according to his father's will, he receives a huge fortune and suddenly, unexpectedly, even for himself, becomes very rich.
• Anna Pavlovna Sherer- the maid of honor and confidant of Empress Maria Feodorovna, the hostess of the fashionable in St. Petersburg high society "political" salon, in whose house guests often gather. A woman with established opinions and traditions.

• Anna Mikhailovna Drubetskaya- a princess who was very worried about her son Boris. She asked Prince Vasily to put in a word to the sovereign so that he was transferred to the guard, and he went to meet her. Played a decisive role in the decision to divide the inheritance of Count Kirill Bezukhov, who was dying.
• Boris Drubetsky- the son of Anna Mikhailovna. In the first chapter, he is shown as a decent young man, by the grace of the sovereign, transferred to the guard. Long time lived and was educated by the Rostovs.
• Count Ilya Andreevich Rostov- the father of a large family, a lively, cheerful, self-confident old man. Likes to live in grand style, to arrange feasts.
• Natalia Rostova- the wife of Ilya Andreevich, a woman with an oriental type of thin face, about forty-five years old, apparently exhausted by her children, of whom she had twelve people ... ”The Countess was used to living in luxury and did not know how to save.
• Nikolay Rostov- the son of Count Ilya Rostov, a man with a cheerful and sociable character, who is alien to despondency. Wanting to be useful to the Motherland, he decides to go to war.
• Natasha Rostova- the main character of the novel. In the first part of the first volume - a thirteen-year-old, childishly spontaneous, cheerful girl with a perky character, a cousin and a good friend of Sophia.
• Sonya Rostova- Natasha's cousin and friend, a kind girl who is in love with her friend's older brother - Nikolai Rostov and worries about the fact that he goes to the army.
• Vera Rostova- the unloved daughter of Countess Rostova. The girl is beautiful and smart, but, despite this, she produces an annoying, unpleasant effect on everyone around her. In her family, Vera behaves proudly and arrogantly, points out to the sisters their shortcomings and deliberately creates trouble for them. Vera gives the impression of a cold, heartless and heartless girl.
• Nikolay Bolkonsky- a retired general, father of the Bolkonsky family. In the first part, he appears as an intelligent person who prefers accuracy in all his actions. He loves his daughter Maria, but brings up her in excessive severity.
• Maria Bolkonskaya- the daughter of Nikolai Bolkonsky, a very rich and noble noblewoman, kind and gentle, believing girl, loving people and striving to do so so as not to upset anyone. In addition, she is smart and educated, because her father himself taught her algebra and geometry lessons.
• Andrey Bolkonsky- the son of Nikolai Bolkonsky. This hero, unlike his father, does not have such a tough character. His behavior changes throughout the novel. In the first part of the first volume, he appears to the reader as an ambitious and proud young man who goes to war, despite the requests of his pregnant wife. Andrey is a sincere friend of Pierre Bezukhov, who wants to help him in everything.
• Little princess, Elizabeth- Andrei's wife, a woman who loves secular society. She is cute, smiling beautiful woman however, she is very worried that her husband goes to the army and leaves her in a difficult situation. After all, Lisa is expecting a child.
• Prince Vasily Kuragin- an important official, an aristocrat, an influential person who serves imperial court and is personally acquainted with the empress. A relative of Count Kirill Bezukhov, claiming his inheritance, which, according to the plot of the story, was received not by him, but by Pierre Bezukhov.
• Helen Kuragina- the daughter of Prince Vasily. The brilliant beauty of St. Petersburg with an unchanging smile. She makes great strides in society, gains a reputation as an intelligent woman, however, between her family she discovers such character traits as vulgarity, rudeness and cynicism.
• Anatol Kuragin, son of Vasily Kuragin - negative character in the novel War and Peace. Behaves cheekily, often commits indecent acts, although he belongs to the aristocrats.
• Marya Dmitrievna- a woman famous for her directness of mind. She says what she thinks. She is known both in Moscow, and in St. Petersburg, and in tsarist circles. The reader first meets this heroine at the Rostovs' birthday, who perceive her as a long-awaited guest.

Chapter one

The first chapter of Leo Tolstoy's story "War and Peace" shows a secular society. Events begin in 1805. In the house of the maid of honor and the close empress Anna Pavlovna Scherer guests often gather. And now the first to come to her was Prince Vasily, a very influential man. A conversation ensues between them, in which they relate to various topics: they discuss military events, politics, and they also do not forget to mention how to arrange the future of children. Anna Pavlovna does not hide that she is dissatisfied with the eldest son of the prince - Anatole.

Chapter two

Anna Pavlovna's living room is gradually filling up. The author shows people of different temperaments, including Vasily's daughter, Helen Kuragin, "in a cipher and a ball gown"; little princess Liza Bolkonskaya, who got married last year; and also Pierre Bezukhov, presented by the writer as "a massive fat young man with a bobbed head, glasses, light trousers in the fashion of that time ..." appearance, nor by his behavior did he fit into a spoiled secular society. This unexpected visit even aroused the anxiety of Anna Pavlovna, who, after a brief conversation with Pierre, concluded that he was a young man who could not live. However, Bezukhov himself felt uncomfortable among such a high society.

Chapter three

The hostess herself demonstrates to the guests a viscount, a young man who considered himself a celebrity and an abbot who visited her as "something supernaturally sophisticated." Different topics are discussed again, of which preference is given the coming war with Bonaparte. Suddenly a new guest enters the living room - Andrei Bolkonsky, the husband of the little princess, whom Leo Tolstoy characterizes as the complete opposite of his wife. Andrey is surprised to see Pierre Bezukhov in a big light.

Chapter four

Prince Vasily is about to leave. He is stopped by one of the elderly ladies who were present at Anna Pavlovna's evening, and begins, expressing anxiety and concern, to beg for her son Boris: "What should you say a word to the emperor, and he will be directly transferred to the guard?" The prince tries to object, saying that it is difficult to ask the sovereign himself, but Princess Drubetskaya (that was the name of the elderly lady) is persistent. And Vasily finally gives in to entreaties, promising to do the impossible.

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the novel by Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace".

Meanwhile, Pierre Bezukhov, who intervened in the viscount's conversation about the execution of the Duke of Enghien, is committing an extremely indecent act in the eyes of Anna Pavlovna. Expressing his opinion that Bonopart acted correctly in this case, and excitedly proving his innocence, Pierre does not notice how more and more he is causing the hostess to displease and bewilder those around him.


Prince Ippolit involuntarily tries to defuse the situation, deciding to tell the public a very funny joke... And he succeeds.

Chapter five

In this chapter, after the first sentence, which mentions that the guests began to disperse, the author proceeds to describe one of the main characters - Pierre Bezukhov. So what adjectives does he use to show the character of this extraordinary personality? First, clumsy. Secondly, absent-minded. But these seemingly negative qualities became insignificant in the light of the good nature, simplicity and modesty that this young man possessed.
Anna Pavlovna went up to Pierre and said softly about her hope that he would nevertheless change his mind. Andrei Bolkonsky, passing by, reminded his friend that he was waiting for him at his place.

After a short time, Bezukhov and Bolkonsky met again - already within the walls of Prince Andrei's dwelling. According to the author's description, it is clear that Pierre felt at home here. An easy conversation ensued, but Andrei Bolkonsky made it clear that his friend's childhood reflections about Napoleon were not interesting to him.

However, the question followed, why is he going to war, to which the prince replied: "I am going because this life that I lead here, this life is not for me!"

Chapter six

Andrei Bolkonsky's wife, little princess Liza, entered the room. A dialogue immediately took place between her and Pierre. Pierre, with his childlike spontaneity, did not fail to express his opinion that he wondered why Andrei had to go to war. He touched upon the sore subject of Bolkonsky's wife, and therefore found support in her face. Lisa was afraid of parting with her husband - especially now, during pregnancy. Despair and fear prevailed, and she, not embarrassed by Pierre, began to tell her husband everything she thought about his desire to go into the army and leave her in such a difficult time. Bezukhov, who unwittingly witnessed the incipient scandal, tried to calm Lisa as best he could, but he did not succeed very much. Finally, Bolkonsky's wife calmed down and resigned herself. Friends went to supper.

And here, at the table, Andrei taught Pierre a valuable lesson on how to choose your life partner. “Do not marry until you tell yourself that you have done everything you could, and until you stop loving the woman you have chosen, until you see her clearly, otherwise you will be cruelly mistaken. and irreparable, ”he told his friend with conviction. And these words should be pondered by those who have decided to marry.

Andrei looked at Pierre with kind eyes, but still realized his superiority over him. He strongly advised his friend to abandon "all these carousing", saying that secular society is not suitable for such a nature as his. And he took his word of honor from a friend that he would not go to the Kuragin's.

However, Pierre Bezukhov violated it immediately, leaving Andrey. The young man again went to Anatol to once again experience the taste of dissolute life. They played cards and drank a lot. Pierre could not resist and got drunk to the point that he also began to do unworthy deeds bordering on madness.

Chapter Seven

The promise given to Princess Drubetskaya was fulfilled. Prince Vasily put in a word in front of the sovereign about her son, and he was transferred to the Semyonov regiment as an ensign.

The princess herself turned out to be a distant relative of the Rostovs, from whom she temporarily rented housing and where her son Boris was brought up.

The Rostovs had a big holiday - the birthday of their mother and daughter. Both of them were called Natalya. This was the reason for the upcoming noisy fun.

In a conversation with the guests, some details were clarified. For example, the fact that Pierre Bezukhov, the son of a wealthy Count Kirill Bezukhov, turned out to be illegitimate, however, the most beloved of the children, and since the count was already very ill, those around him guessed who would get his huge fortune - Prince Vasily or still Pierre.

They did not hesitate to talk about the unworthy behavior of Pierre, who, having contacted bad company, Dolokhov and Kuragin, compromised himself even more than at Anna Pavlovna's evening, when he argued with the abbot about Napoleon's actions. The story with the bear, on which the rowdy was tied to the quarter and thrown to swim in the Moika, caused a contradictory reaction from those around them - some were indignant, while others could not help laughing.

Chapter Eight

In this chapter, the reader, for the first time, has the opportunity to meet Natasha Rostova, one of the main heroines of the novel War and Peace. At the beginning of the novel, she appears as a thirteen-year-old girl, cheerful and carefree. The author describes her as "black-eyed, with a large mouth, ugly, but alive."

Finally, in view of the name day, all the young people - Natalya and Anna Mikhailovna's son Boris, and Countess Natalya's eldest son, Nikolai, and the Rostovs' niece Sofia, and the youngest son Petya - were accommodated in the living room.
At the end of the chapter, the author mentions that Boris Drubetsky and Nikolai Rostov were childhood friends.

Chapter nine

At the beginning of this chapter, the Rostovs' niece Sonya is described, who lives with them and with whom Natalya is very friendly.

The count-father complains that his son Nikolai Rostov, imitating his friend Boris, goes to war, to which the young man objects: “It's not friendship at all, but I just feel a vocation to military service…»

However, Sonya, who is in love with Nikolai, can hardly hold back her tears. The conversation again turns to children, and Countess Natalya mentions her eldest daughter, Vera, who is not stupid, well-mannered, with a pleasant voice, to whom she was stricter than the younger, but who, unlike Natalya Rostova, does not make such a pleasant impression on those around her. ... This girl plays a secondary role in the plot of the novel.

Chapter ten

Natasha Rostova, hiding between tubs of flowers, becomes an unwitting witness to the scene between Sofia and Nikolai, who, confessing his love to the girl, kisses her. Natasha herself, at that time thinking that she loved Boris, called the young man to her, "hugged him with both arms, so that thin bare arms bent above his neck, and, throwing her hair back with a movement of her head, kissed ... on the very lips."

Chapter eleven

Countess Natalya, who has not seen her friend Anna Mikhailovna for a long time, wants to talk to her in private. However, her daughter Vera is in the room. I have to tell her directly that she is superfluous and offer to go to her sisters.

In the next sofa room are two couples - Boris and Natasha, as well as Nikolai and Sophia. Vera does not understand the feelings of young people, and a verbal skirmish takes place between the sisters. However, the self-confident Vera does not feel that she has uttered troubles, on the contrary, she considers herself right in all her actions.

Meanwhile, the dialogue between Anna Mikhailovna and Countess Natalya continues in the living room. The conversation first goes about serving in the army of Nikolai Rostov, then the princess decides to go to Count Kirill Bezukhov, so that, before it's too late, to solicit support for his godson Boris - and informs the Countess about it. Count Rostov proposes to invite Pierre Bezukhov to dinner, which will take place on the occasion of the name day at four o'clock in the afternoon.

Chapter twelve

Anna Mikhailovna and her son drove into the wide courtyard of Count Kirill, and then went into the house. The doorman reported to Prince Vasily about their arrival. An atmosphere of sadness reigned in the room, because the elder Bezukhov was terminally ill, already dying. After giving short instructions to Boris about serving in the army, Prince Vasily began to listen to Anna Mikhailovna. “It must be prepared if it is so bad,” she urged, and the prince again realized that it was not so easy to get rid of this woman, who insists on her own way. And Princess Anna Mikhailovna, having asked Boris to talk to Pierre Bezukhov and convey to him an invitation to the Rostovs' name day, sat down in an armchair. She made a firm decision - "to help follow my uncle."

Chapter thirteen

Pierre Bezukhov stayed at his father's house. The story told about his indecent behavior was fair, and therefore the attitude towards the illegitimate son of Count Kirill Bezukhov was not distinguished by goodwill. To the question: "Can I see the graph?" an unfriendly, negative answer followed, and Pierre, who had not received what was expected, had to go to his room.

When Boris unexpectedly paid a visit to Bezukhov, he was surprised at first, although he met him in a friendly and simple manner. "Count Rostov asked you to come to dinner with him today," said the guest after an awkward silence, which seemed long.

Young people began to talk, and Drubetskoy was able to refute the assumption that he and his mother wanted "to get something from the rich man."

Pierre liked Boris Drubetsky very much, his heart disposed himself to this smart and strong character of the young man.

Anna Mikhailovna informed the prince of the decision to prepare the dying Kirill Bezukhov.

Chapter fourteen

After Anna Mikhailovna's departure, Countess Rostova sat for a long time herself, and then called the maid and ordered to call her husband. Taking pity on her poor friend, she decided to help her financially, and for this purpose she asked her husband for five hundred rubles. He, being generous, gave seven hundred. When Anna Mikhailovna returned, the new banknotes were already lying under the handkerchief on the table.

Here's Boris from me, to sew a uniform, - said the Countess, taking out the money and giving it to her friend.

Chapter fifteen

Finally, the guests began to gather for the name day. There were already a lot of those in the drawing-room who had come to congratulate the heroes of the occasion, but most of all they were expecting Marya Dmitrievna, a woman famous for her directness of mind and simplicity of address, who knew both Moscow and St. Petersburg, as well as in tsarist circles.

The assembled guests preferred to speak in military theme... At first, they listened to the conversation that took place between an old bachelor named Shinshin, who was the countess's cousin and Lieutenant Berg, an officer of the Semyonovsky regiment. Then Pierre Bezukhov arrived, and the hostess, having told him a few meaningless phrases, with a glance asked Anna Mikhailovna to occupy the young man.

Finally, Maria Dmitrievna arrived, who “took out yacht earrings with pears from a huge reticule and gave them to Natasha, who was radiant and reddened for her birthday,” suddenly turned to Pierre and began to scold him for the indecent behavior that the young man had allowed himself recently. In the end, the guests settled at the tables. "The sounds of the count's home music were replaced by the sounds of knives and forks, the guests talking, the quiet steps of the waiters ..."

Chapter sixteen

On the male side of the table, the conversation was growing more and more lively. One of the guests - a colonel - claimed that the manifesto on the declaration of war had already been published in St. Petersburg and insisted: "We must fight to the last drop of blood," Shinshin wondered why fight Bonopart at all.

Count Nikolai noticed that his son was also joining the army. “And I have four sons in the army, and I’m not grieving. Everything is God's will: you will die on the stove, and God will have mercy in battle, ”Maria Dmitrievna said loudly. Suddenly Natasha Rostova's children's voice rang out: “Mom! what kind of cake will be? "

Surprisingly, even Maria Dmitrievna was not angry when she saw such tactlessness, but she laughed at the spontaneity of the girl, and after her - all the guests.

Chapter seventeen

The holiday was in full swing. Suddenly Natasha discovered the absence of her cousin and beloved friend Sonya and, leaving the guests, went to look for her. She saw the girl lying "face down on a dirty striped nanny's feather bed, on a chest" and crying bitterly. The reason for the tears was that her Nikolenka went to the army, but not only that. It turned out that Sonya was wounded to the core by the words of Vera, the older sister of Natasha Rostova, who threatened to show her mama Nikolai's poems and called her ungrateful.

Kind Natasha reassured her friend, and she again became cheerful. The girls returned to the hall. The guests danced a lot, joked, rejoiced at such a wonderful event held in honor of the birthday of dear Natalia the elder and Natalia the younger. It was evident from everything that the holiday was a success.

Chapter Eighteen

While joy reigned in the Rostovs 'house, the Bezukhovs' family was experiencing severe grief, the approach of imminent loss: the sixth blow happened to Count Kirill. People gathered in the reception room, including the confessor, ready to unleash the dying man.

"Meanwhile, Prince Vasily opened the door to the princess's room," where, according to the author's description, "it was dark and smelled good of smoke and flowers."

Vasily called the girl, whom he called Katish (this was his cousin Katerina Sergeevna), for a serious conversation. They discussed the will of Count Cyril and were very afraid that the entire inheritance could go to his illegitimate son Pierre.

Prince Vasily rightly feared this, while Catherine at first objected: “He never wrote wills, but he could not bequeath Pierre! Pierre illegal ”, but then, having learned that by virtue of a written request from the count, the sovereign could satisfy his request for adoption, she was also seriously alarmed.

Vasily and Katish began to think over a plan to destroy the will in the name of Pierre, moreover, they wanted to create such a situation that Kirill Bezukhov himself annulled it. The paper lay under the dying man's pillow, in a mosaic briefcase, and Princess Catherine and Prince Vasily so wanted to get to it.

Chapter nineteen

Anna Mikhailovna turned out to be a far-sighted woman. She assumed that a struggle over the inheritance would flare up and went to the Bezukhovs, urgently summoning Pierre. Young Bezukhov was afraid of the upcoming meeting with his dying father, but he understood that this was necessary.

The princess and the son of Count Kirill entered the reception room. Pierre, obeying his leader, sat down on the sofa. Everyone in the room turned their gaze on this young man. But there was participation in them, even respect, and young Bezukhov felt "that this night he is a person who is obliged to perform some terrible and expected rite, and that therefore he had to accept services from everyone."

“The mercy of God is inexhaustible. Unction will begin now. Let's go, ”Anna Mikhailovna called Pierre resolutely, and he entered the room where his dying father lay.

Chapter Twenty

Pierre, who knew well the furnishings of his father's room, saw a sad picture: the father lying under the images "with the same gray mane of hair resembling a lion, over a wide forehead and with the same characteristic noble large wrinkles on his beautiful red-yellow face"; confessors who are ready to unleash the one passing away into another world; two junior princesses, Katish with an evil expression on his face; Anna Mikhailovna, some unknown lady; Prince Vasily, who was constantly baptized with his right hand, and others.

Pierre approached his father's bed. “He was looking at the count. The count looked at the place where Pierre's face was, while he stood. Anna Mikhailovna manifested in her expression a consciousness of the touching importance of this last minute father-son visits ”.

Chapter twenty one

There was no one in the reception room, except for Prince Vasily and the eldest princess, who, at the sight of Anna Mikhailovna and Pierre entering, whispered that she could not see this woman.

Katerina was already holding in her hands a mosaic portfolio that Anna Mikhailovna wished to take away, persistently and pretendingly affectionately convincing the princess not to resist. Two women tried to snatch the controversial thing from each other. The struggle continued until the middle princess ran out of the room where the count was dying. Katerina dropped the briefcase, which Anna Mikhailovna immediately grabbed and went with it into the bedroom.
Very soon she informed Pierre that his father had passed away.

Chapter twenty-two

At the estate of the old prince Nikolai Bolkonsky, they were impatiently awaiting the arrival of the young prince Andrei and his wife, the princess. Nikolai himself was distinguished by a difficult character, recognizing only activity and mind as virtues. He took care of raising the youngest daughter Marya himself, distributing her life in such a way that the girl did not spend time in idleness. Her father himself taught her lessons in algebra and geometry. The main feature of this elderly man was precision, taken to the extreme.

On the day of the arrival of the young, Prince Nikolai gave his daughter a letter from Julie Karagina, a friend of the princess, in which it was reported that Pierre Bezukhov had become a count, having received both the title and almost the entire inheritance from his father, becoming the owner of one of the largest fortunes in Russia. In addition, she spoke about Anna Mikhailovna's plan to arrange the marriage of Marya with Anatoly Kuragin. In turn, the princess wrote a letter in response, in which she expressed pity both for Pierre Bezukhov, who suddenly became rich, and for Prince Vasily, who was left with nothing.

The girl also lamented about the wars between people and was sad that this was happening. "... Humanity has forgotten the laws of its Divine Savior, who taught us love and forgiveness of offenses, and believes its main merit in the art of killing each other" - she sincerely expressed her opinion in a letter to her friend.

Chapter twenty three

Finally, Prince Andrei Bolkonsky and his wife crossed the threshold of their parents' house. However, at this time, the father, Prince Nikolai, was asleep and even the arrival of such dear guests could not become a reason to disrupt such a familiar daily routine.

Father had twenty minutes to rest, and therefore he suggested that his wife go first to Princess Marya.

Apparently, the little princess was in the house of her husband's parents for the first time, therefore, seeing the luxurious furnishings, she could not resist exclaiming: "This is a palace!"

Seeing that Maria was practicing playing the piano, the guests wanted to quietly go out, but then Mademoiselle Buryen, Princess Bolkonskaya's companion, noticed them and began to express delight that the long-awaited relatives had finally arrived.

Mary also saw her brother and wife and joined in the joy of their visit. Prince Nikolai did not stand aside, and although he expressed his emotions more sparingly, nevertheless, due to the arrival of his son, he was in a good mood. And again there was talk about the military theme, which so worried people at that time.

Chapter twenty-four

Finally, it was time for dinner, and Prince Nicholas went to the dining room, where Princess Maria, Mademoiselle Burienne and the prince's architect were already waiting for him, for some reason they were admitted to the table, although he was not at all from the nobility. All sat down, and again the conversation turned to "about the war, about Bonaparte and the current generals and government officials…»

Chapter twenty-five

The next day, Prince Andrey was going to leave. He was worried. Here is how the author describes the mood of a young man at that difficult time: “He, with his hands folded back, quickly walked around the room from corner to corner, looking ahead of himself, and thoughtfully shook his head. Was he scared to go to war, was he sad to leave his wife - maybe both ... "

Suddenly the steps of Princess Mary were heard. She was upset because she so wanted to talk to her brother in private. She looked at him - and did not recognize in this strong and courageous young man her formerly playful brother.

The sister admitted that she immediately fell in love with his wife Lisa, who, in her opinion, was still a child, but suddenly she saw a contemptuous and ironic expression flashed on Andrei's face. However, he was very happy to be with his sweet sister. The conversation proceeded peacefully, and when Maria mentioned Mademoiselle Bourienne, her brother did not fail to notice that he did not like her very much. However, the good princess tried to justify the companion in his eyes, because she is an orphan and so needs a good attitude towards herself.

Suddenly a question followed, discouraging Maria. It was about how her father treats her, because it was clear that Andrei's sister suffered from the difficult and tough character of her beloved dad. Most of all, the girl was depressed that her father did not believe in God. "... How can a person with such a huge mind not see what is clear as day and can be so delusional?" - she lamented about his religious worldview.

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About the novel. The storyline Leo Tolstoy built on the basis of the events of the Great Patriotic War of 1812. The author revealed the historical development Russian Empire at the beginning of the IXX century, describing the fate of the heroes of the book. A brief summary of the novel "War and Peace" in volumes will make it possible to understand the reasons for the defeat of the Russian army in the first half of the French invasion and its victorious offensive with the onset of winter.

Volume 1

In the first volume, the reader is introduced to the main characters. Leo Tolstoy contrasted the peaceful, philistine picture of the idle life of St. Petersburg and Moscow with the horror that war brings. The writer achieved literary contrast with the example of the epochal battles of Schöngraben and Austerlitz.

Part 1

Midsummer of 1805 was remembered by a resident of the capital for an outbreak of influenza. Anna Pavlovna Sherer, who has connections in the royal family, fell ill. Being a popular person in the high society of St. Petersburg, she put together a party. The main characters of the book have gathered here.

The first to enter was His Excellency Prince Vasily Kuragin. Lord punished respected person heirs. From the mouth of this gentleman comes a quote that reveals the essence of his character, that children are a burden of existence. His Excellency arrived with his daughter Elena Vasilievna. The beauty, socialite is accompanied by her elder brother, Prince Ippolit Kuragin, "a calm fool," according to his own father.

After the Kuragin came Princess Liza Bolkonskaya, the sweetheart in all respects, the wife of Prince Andrei Bolkonsky. Young people got married a year ago. The fragile woman has a rounded belly as a result of pregnancy. The noble lady brought her handicrafts to pass the time with benefit.

The scene of the appearance of the young Count Pyotr Kirillovich Bezukhov attracted everyone's attention. The big, intelligent, timid illegally born son of Count Bezukhov did not have time to learn the traditions and subtleties of etiquette of the high society of St. Petersburg. Therefore, he was coldly received by the mistress of the house.

Andrei Bolkonsky himself (the future image of the hero of the Fatherland), the husband of Liza Bolkonskaya, appears.

At the end of the evening, Countess Drubetskaya pitifully persuades Prince Vasily to recommend her son, Boris Drubetsky, to Kutuzov's adjutant. The rest of the guests are discussing the role of Napoleon in the political arena of the world.

Pierre visits Bolkonsky's house, promises to a friend not to get involved with the company of Anatol Kuragin (the unlucky son of Prince Vasily). Liza is outraged that her husband is going to war, sends her to his father, Prince Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky, a prominent politician at the court of Catherine II. Andrei Bolkonsky remains tough and unyielding, he leaves.

Pierre plunges into the riotous life of St. Petersburg officers, which ended in a scandal. Drunken young people, led by Kuragin junior and Dolokhov, tied the guard on duty to the back of the circus bear, let the animal swim into the river. Prince Bezukhov was punished, he was sent to Moscow, as to a quieter city.

And here is Moscow, a reception with the Rostov family on the occasion of the birthday of Countess Natalya and their daughter Natasha. Son Nikolai Rostov looks after his fifteen-year-old cousin Sonya. And the young birthday girl likes Boris Drubetskoy.

The eldest daughter Vera behaves like an adult young lady, and little Petenka is distinguished by childish carelessness. The reader observes the differences in morals between St. Petersburg high society and Moscow. Sincerity, ease of communication prevails here, family values ​​are held in high esteem.

Pierre Bezukhov arrived, being also invited. But the young man is concerned about his father's illness. Behind him, a real struggle of clans begins for the inheritance of the dying count. After all, Prince Vasily Kuragin, due to family ties, is a contender for the inheritance. This is a strong contender. Pierre, appearing at the bed of a dying man, feels like a stranger. Grief for the father and natural awkwardness complicate the young man's situation.

And in the estate of Bald Mountains, Liza languishes, left by Andrei in the care of the father and sister of Princess Marya. The daughter vegetates next to the eccentric old man, trying to share with him the hardships of his old age.

Part 2

Autumn of 1805 came. Kutuzov's troops were on the territory of the Archduchy of Austria in the Braunau fortress. Kutuzov himself promises to return Dolokhov, demoted to the rank and file for a joke with a bear, his rank, if he behaves in war, as befits a Russian officer.

Prince Andrey serves at the hand of Kutuzov himself, compiling a summary of the movement of the Austrian army to the command. The commander-in-chief values ​​the professionalism of his subordinate.

Nikolai Rostov serves as a cadet, as a hussar of the Pavlograd regiment. Russian troops retreat to Vienna, destroying crossings and bridges behind them. On the river Ens a battle flares up, the enemy who has overtaken is repulsed by a squadron of hussars. Kolya Rostov serves here, this is his first military experience. The guy is going through his state of indecision and confusion hard.

Kutuzov leads his army (35 thousand soldiers) down the Danube in order to save them from Napoleon's army, which at that time had 100,000 soldiers. Bolkonsky is sent to the city of Brunn with good news, there he meets with the diplomat Bilibin and learns that the French have occupied Venn. Then he sees Prince Ippolit Kuragin, who is not respected by his colleagues.

Bilibin invites Bolkonsky to remain in the service of the Austrian king, predicting the defeat of Kutuzov's army. Andrei decided to remain loyal to his commander-in-chief.

Bagration's army was ordered to detain the enemy as long as possible. For 24 hours the soldiers under the leadership of Bagration heroically held back the fierce onslaught, and then made an incredibly difficult transition. They are joined by Andrei Bolkonsky to take part in the upcoming battle.

In this part of the novel, the theme of true and pretentious patriotism is clearly traced. The image of Tushin is a portrait of a Russian hero, whose heroism often remains unappreciated by his contemporaries. So the battle of Schöngraben went on.

Part 3

Pierre Bezukhov managed to get an inheritance, he became an enviable groom. Prince Vasily does not hesitate to bring him with his daughter Helene. An enterprising, caring father is simultaneously negotiating with Prince Nikolai Bolkonsky, trying to snatch Maria from him for his youngest son Anatoly. Absolute affection for her father guides the decision of Princess Bolkonskaya. The girl refuses noble matchmakers.

It was the turn of the battle at Austerlitz. The plan was previously approved in St. Petersburg by Alexander I, so Kutuzov could not change something. Sleep is the only parting word that he gave the army, relying on the will of God.

Bolkonsky could not sleep before the battle. The dream of glory occupies the mind of a Russian officer. When the morning fog cleared, there was a skirmish with the enemy. Bolkonsky noticed how the banner fell from the hands of the ensign, raised the banner and led the soldiers behind him. Here the hero was overtaken by a bullet, he lay down on the ground and his eyes embraced the sky, endless, losing importance for a dying warrior. By the will of fate, Andrei is saved by Napoleon himself.

Volume 2

Children grow up, rush to extremes, are guided by the search for the meaning of life and fall in love. Before the start of the war 6 years, the events take place in the time frame from 1806 to 1812.

Part 1

The joy of the Rostovs, Nikolai came to them on vacation with his friend Denisov. The noble officer is fascinated by the beauty and intelligence of young Natasha.

Marriage to Helene changed inner world Count Bezukhov, he had to be disappointed in his hasty choice. Dolokhov behaves insultingly, hinting to others about an ambiguous connection with Countess Bezukhova. Pierre challenges Dolokhov, experienced in battles. Unable to firmly hold a pistol in his hands, the hero hits the belly of his wife's lover. After the scandal, he gives Helen to manage most of the state, leaves for the capital.

In Bald Hills, Liza is waiting for her husband, she is not told about his probable death. Suddenly young Bolkonsky arrives on the eve of his wife's birth. Tragic moment - Bolkonskaya dies in childbirth. The boy was named Nikolai.

Dolokhov makes a marriage proposal to Sonechka, but the girl, in love with Nikolai, refuses. Angry, the officer drags Nikolai Rostov into a risky card game, the young man lost a lot of money.

Vasily Denisov makes a marriage proposal to Natasha. Countess Rostova refuses the groom, pointing out her daughter's early age. Nikolai is waiting for money from his father to pay off the card debt.

Part 2

Count Bezukhov joins the Masonic society. Prince Vasily asks his son-in-law to reconcile with his wife once again, but is refused. Time passes, Pierre becomes disillusioned with the Masonic movement. This happened at the end of 1806, when the French resumed hostilities in Europe. Boris Drubetskoy, having received a high appointment, breaks off the connection with the Rostovs' house, often visits Helen Bezukhova. Pierre returns to Moscow to check the state of affairs of his estates, finds his state in decline.

The world is changing, Russia and France become allies, they begin to fight against Austria.

Prince Bolkonsky, having reached 31 years of age, is trying to establish his life in the family estate, but being a soldier in his soul does not find peace. He is invited to the Rostovs' house, he meets Natasha for the first time. The speech of the girl under the late sky sinks into the soul of the hero. He will remember her as sophisticated and romantic. In Moscow, Andrei, on behalf of Speransky, deals with state legislation, the way of the section "Rights of Persons".

After betraying his wife, Pierre develops depression. The Rostovs are trying to politely drive away Boris Drubetskoy, who has again become accustomed to the house. The eldest daughter Vera marries Berg.

First ball. Natasha Rostova was published on December 31, 1809. They had to dance for the first time, an experienced Bolkonsky man and a growing girl Rostov fall in love. Their feelings are mutual, Prince Andrey comes to the Rostovs, listens to the girl's singing, feels happiness. Having met Pierre, Bologna tells his friend about his new love, about his decision to marry.

The father dissuades his son with a scandal from his choice. Therefore, having made an offer to Natasha, Bolkonsky asks to keep this event a secret. The wedding is postponed for a year. In the Bolkonsky estate, the old prince is odd, enraged by his son's disobedience. Princess Marya is in a difficult situation.

Part 4

To improve the state of the Rostov family, Nikolai comes to the family, but realizes that he does not know how to manage the household. We had a rest on the hunt, then Christmastide came. For the first time, the guy was able to appreciate Sonechka's graceful beauty, admitted to his sister Natasha that he wanted to marry his cousin, which made her happy.

Princess Natalya was angry, she does not like the choice of her son, the poor niece is not a couple for the young prince in the mother's opinion. Kolya scandals with his mother, and she begins to spoil the life of poor Sonya, infringing on her, finding fault with trifles. The son decisively declares that he will marry the girl without a blessing if the mother continues to mock her.

Through the efforts of Natasha, it is possible to achieve an armistice. The relatives agree that they will not run around Sonya, and Nikolai will leave for the duty station. The family became impoverished, but returned to Moscow, leaving the sick Countess in the village.

Part 5

Everything is complicated in the Bolkonsky family. Living in Moscow, father and daughter cannot find a common language. Natasha remains confused after an unkind meeting with them. In the opera, she meets Anatol Kuragin, who wants to seduce the girl, having barely met her. First, Helen Bezukhova invites her to visit, where the womanizer passionately confesses his love to her, literally pursuing an inexperienced girl.

In letters that are secretly transmitted to Natasha, Anatole writes that he will steal her in order to secretly get married. The young man fraudulently wanted to take possession of the girl, because he had already been married earlier. Sonya destroys the insidious plans of the seducer, telling Marya Dmitrievna about them. Pierre reveals to Natasha the secret about the married position of Anatol Kuragin.

Natasha breaks off the engagement with Bolkonsky. Andrey learns the story with Anatoly. Pierre brings Rostova a letter from her ex-fiancé, Natasha repents. Pierre nurtures tenderness for the tear-stained heroine. Returning home he was lucky enough to observe the fall of a comet.

Volume 3

The author reflects on the causes of the tragedy that affected the lives of millions of people. War is an evil that people do with their own hands. The heroes of the novel will go through sorrow, pain and irreparable loss. Their world will never be the same again, but only perceived through the prism of death.

Part 1

The Patriotic War began. Prince Bolkonsky returns to the army in order to take revenge on Anatol for the desecrated honor of the bride. Then, as an officer, he accepts an assignment to the Western army.

Nikolai Rostov shows particular courage and is awarded the St. George Cross. A tender relationship develops between Pierre and Natasha. Moscow nobility is going to the council. Pierre gives 1000 souls of peasants and their salaries to the militia.

Part 2

Prince Andrew writes to his father, asking for forgiveness. He advises the family to leave Bald Mountains, but the old man stays at home. Part of the Moscow high society is happy to discuss the arrival of the French. Most of the people are patriotic. The tsar appointed Kutuzov the commander-in-chief of the entire Russian army in order to avoid conflicts between the commanders.

Princess Marya Bolkonskaya buries her father, falls into difficult situation, from which Nikolai Rostov helps her to get out. Denisov organized a full-fledged partisan movement. Prince Andrew and Pierre meet before the battle, discussing the importance of the fighting spirit of the soldiers themselves in the outcome of battles, and not just the ability of the commanders to give orders.

Prince Andrey is wounded by a grenade fragment in the stomach, on the operating table he sees Kuragin and forgives his enemy.

Part 3

Wartime philosophy is cruel. The decision to surrender Moscow to the French was extremely difficult for the Russian people. Kutuzov wanted to save the army, which means Russia. The evacuation began. At the Borodino field, Pierre receives a letter from his wife asking for a divorce. Natasha watches the wagon train with the wounded and finds Andrey there, trying to take care of him on the way of retreat. The girl asks her beloved for forgiveness and receives it.

Napoleon's foot steps into the city abandoned by the people. The conqueror feels the bitterness of disappointment, because every abandoned city, built of wood, burns down without people. Moscow burned down. Pierre plans to kill Napoleon, but the attempt fails. Instead, he rescues a girl from a burning house.

Volume 4

The end of 1812 turned out to be dramatic for the heroes of the novel, for the state. In a short time, millions of people walked across Russia, first from west to east, then in the opposite direction. This is the people, not every general, genius or ruler taken separately.

Part 1

The battle on the Borodino field died down on August 26. The next day, the sick Helen Bezukhova died, and the third day Kutuzov reported that the Russian troops had been withdrawn from Moscow. In 10 days, the cultural city turned into ash and was abandoned by the enemy troops.

Nikolai Rostov was sent to Voronezh even before the Battle of Borodino. The cavalier-hussar for the provincial townsfolk was an authority that was worshiped, especially by girls. But the warrior's heart is occupied by Princess Marya. The governor's wife, being an experienced woman who knows life, points out to Rostov that Princess Bolkonskaya can really make up a worthy party for a young man.

But what about Sonya? He himself promised to marry her. In the house of the governor's wife Anna Ignatievna Rostov meets Princess Bolkonskaya. Their relationship is developing. If the guy remembered Sonya with a smile, then he thought about the princess with inner fear and trepidation. The mother sends a letter, tells how Natasha takes care of the wounded Andrei. Then an envelope comes from Sonya, she knows about the sympathy between him and the prince's sister, breaks off the engagement with him.

Pierre was taken prisoner, was sentenced to be shot. But by the will of God, the shooting ceremony fell through. Princess Marya reached Yaroslavl, made friends with Natasha, who was caring for her brother. Girls spend with Andrey the last days his life.

Part 2

Everything that was conquered by the French army, all achievements were destroyed by Napoleon. After leaving the burned-down Moscow, Bonaparte began to make gross tactical mistakes. The troops could be left for the winter in the burnt city, they could be moved to Petersburg or in another advantageous direction. Of all possible options the most pernicious path was chosen.

Traffic on the broken Smolensk road weakened strong army deprived of the opportunity to eat. As if Napoleon had planned to destroy his own army. Or was Kutuzov a genius who surrendered Moscow as a trap?

In captivity, Pierre achieved peace of mind. The hardships hardened his body and spirit. Among ordinary people, he looked like a hero.

Part 3

The people's war differs in that ordinary people take up arms. They are unpredictable in their rage, they are guided by an acute desire to drive out a crowd of aggressive little people from their land, who even speak someone else's funny and incomprehensible language. This is how the partisan movement grows, in which people are fighting, overwhelmed with a sense of patriotism.

Young Petya Rostov dies in the Denisov partisan detachment, freed the captive Pierre by chance. The French army is retreating in panic, soldiers are robbing the carts of neighboring detachments in order to get food. So simply greatness, devoid of kindness, simplicity and truth, turns into insignificance.

Part 4

Natasha changes with the loss of Andrei, rethinking life, the girl understands what duty is, how she is attached to her family, to her mother. Countess Rostova is unable to bear the loss of her son Petenka. The early energetic fifty-year-old woman has become old, sick and weak. Mental strength left the mother, only the care of her daughter saves her from death.

Natasha and Maria experienced so many losses together that the war made them friends, they returned to Moscow together.

Epilogue

Part 1

A year later, Count Rostov, the father of the family, the breadwinner and support of his children, dies. Severe depression grips Natasha after his death. Pierre Bezukhov comes to the rescue, who, being a widower, marries her.

The relationship between Nikolai and Marya is developing well. The man, having received the inheritance of his father with debts, did not dare to propose to the girl for a long time. But Princess Bolkonskaya convinced him that debts cannot be an obstacle to the happiness of two loving hearts. Separation is whiter than a painful process for both.

Their wedding took place in the fall of 1814, the young family moved to Bald Hills. Nikolai Rostov borrowed money from Count Bezukhov, raised the estate to its feet within three years, and got it out of debt.

The year 1820 came, many events happened, the Bezukhov family has four children. Friends gather at the Rostovs'. Again, the author opposes two houses, a different way of life, the manner of communication between spouses. As if two parallel worlds in one state. Different dreams, goals and ways to achieve them.

Part 2

The political arena of Europe in the period from 1805 to the end of 1812 stands out from its historical development abrupt change of events. The first World War was people's war where every patriotic act of an ordinary person became decisive. The laws and patterns of war do not work under pressure popular will, which manifests itself in the desire for freedom.

It is the will of people united by misfortune that opposes the passion for destruction of one or more people, smart, trained and educated. Heroes die for freedom, not knowing the laws of history and economics. Freedom is also a natural force, like an electrical force and a force of attraction; it only manifests itself in the feeling of life, in the desire to develop, to find new life goals.

• Nikolay Rostov- the son of Count Ilya Andreevich Rostov. In the third part of the first volume, it occupies an important place in the narrative, is shown in the war - as a brave officer loyal to his native Motherland and Emperor Alexander. He is simply in awe of the sovereign and is ready to give his life for him and his Motherland without hesitation.
• Andrey Bolkonsky- in this part of the work it is shown as a matured young man, Kutuzov's adjutant, for whom the question of protecting the Motherland from the enemy is in the first place. The reassessment of values ​​by the hero occurs during the injury. He understands the importance of the eternal over the temporary, observes the greatness of the high blue sky and realizes how insignificant in comparison with him is what happens on earth, where people hate each other.
• Commander-in-Chief Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov- in the third part of the first volume of the novel "War and Peace" is shown as a wise commander, worried about the Russian army and selflessly fighting the enemy. He objects to Weyrother's plan, but the opinion of the commander-in-chief is not heeded in this case. The result is that in this battle the army is defeated, and Kutuzov himself is wounded in the cheek.
• Napoleon Bonaparte- a real historical figure, the French emperor, who went to war against Russia. In the third part of the first volume of the work, it is shown as a person who, paradoxically, is inherent in pity for the captured wounded Russian soldiers. He orders his doctor Larrey to examine the wounded Andrei Bolkonsky.
• Anatol Kuragin- a negative character in the novel "War and Peace", a person who opposes the good and the good. He loves binges, drinking, cunningly seduces women.
• Marya Bolkonskaya- the daughter of Prince Nicholas, experiencing pressure and even insults from her father. The girl realizes that dad is not doing this out of malice, and resigns herself. Marya is a very positive heroine with noble character traits. She not only forgives the vile act of Mademoiselle Burienne, but also quite sincerely wishes her friend to be happy with Anatole.
• Prince Nikolay, father of the Bolkonsky family- a person of strict rules who loves his daughter very much, but treats her harshly and sometimes without condescension, wanting at all costs to properly educate.
• Mademoiselle Burien- lives in the Bolkonsky family as a companion. This is a woman who does not value a good attitude towards her and, at the first opportunity, betrays Marya.
• Prince Vasily- the father of Elena, Anatole and Ippolit Kuragin, a man who wants to succeed, for the purpose of which he gets closer to useful people... When Pierre Bezukhov became a rich count, Vasily came up with a plan of how to marry his daughter Helene to him.
• Pierre Bezukhov- in the third part of the first volume, he is shown as a rich young man, before whom a choice appears - whether to marry Helen Kuragina. Unfortunately, not having the courage to resist the circumstances, he agrees to this marriage, although in his heart he understands what bad consequences this rash step entails.

Chapter one

Prince Vasily was a secular man who just wanted to succeed, while not wishing anyone any harm. The interest of his life was plans for rapprochement with useful, in his opinion, people. Since Pierre Bezukhov suddenly became very rich, Vasily decided to marry his daughter Helene to him.

As for Pierre himself, "after recent loneliness and carelessness, he felt so surrounded and busy that he could only be alone in bed with himself ..." even with the evil and hostile, a metamorphosis took place, they became tender and loving. For example, the eldest of the princesses, who had previously felt an outright dislike for Pierre, changed her attitude towards him, pretending to be sorry for the misunderstandings that had previously occurred between them. The princess became even kinder since the time when Pierre, at the request of Prince Vasily, signed a bill for 30 thousand in her favor.

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The naive Pierre believed in the sincerity of these people, who began to treat him so well. But he also regretted his former friends, of whom not many remained in St. Petersburg. In one of winter days the young man received a note with an invitation from Anna Scherer, where it was reported about the beautiful Helene, whom it is impossible not to admire. He agreed. However, the girl lured him into her nets only out of self-interest, but Pierre, vaguely feeling that something bad was approaching, still could not resist the opinion of the secular society.

Chapter two

The intention of Prince Vasily was to marry his son Anatol to the daughter of Nikolai Bolkonsky, for the purpose of which he decided to visit his estate. But before implementing this plan, it became necessary to resolve the issue with Pierre Bezukhov, who, even against his will, became attached to Helen Kuragina.

Convincing himself that Elena was a beautiful girl, the young man in his heart understood that this was far from the case, and wanted to break off relations with her. But this needed determination, and Pierre did not have it, especially since external circumstances more and more facilitated meetings with the beautiful daughter of Prince Vasily.

On the day of Helen's name day, a few people, mostly close ones, dined with the prince. Everyone felt that something important was about to happen. The guests were in a cheerful mood, only Pierre and Helene subconsciously understood that they were now in the center of a fateful event. When little by little the visitors had dispersed, Prince Vasily, with an expression of solemnity on his face, resolutely entered the drawing-room and blessed Pierre and his daughter Elena as bride and groom. After a month and a half, they got married.

Chapter three

Prince Nikolai Bolkonsky received a letter from Vasily Kuragin, who announced an imminent visit to him with his son Anatole. Finally, the guests, much to the displeasure of Prince Nicholas, crossed the threshold of the Bolkonskys' house. But Nikolai Andreevich threw off his evil on the servants, ordering to cover the road cleared for the "minister" with snow. Then nit-picking began - both about the daughter and about the supposedly dirty plate. Even the little princess was frightened of the prince's anger, for this reason she did not want to leave her room.

However, after dinner, the prince softened and went up to the frightened daughter-in-law, who turned pale at the sight of him. However, Nikolai Andreevich was already in better mood.

In view of the fact that guests arrived, they began to dress up Princess Marya, forgetting that an ugly face cannot be changed. And the girl, realizing this, almost cried and asked to leave her. Of course, she dreamed of family happiness, but she was afraid that because of her unsightly appearance she would never become a wife. Tormented by such thoughts, Marya received consolation from the Lord, who spoke to her in her heart: "If God wants to test you in the duties of marriage, be ready to do his will."

Chapter four

Finally, Princess Marya entered the room where Vasily Andreyevich and his son were sitting. On the first day of his acquaintance with the prince's daughter, Anatol seemed very taciturn, however, the awareness of his superiority was traced in all his behavior. "I know you, I know, but why bother with you?" - as if he spoke by his appearance.

However, then a relaxed conversation ensued between the guest and the household, in which Mademoiselle Burienne actively participated.

Only Prince Nikolai was angry about the arrival of unwanted guests, subconsciously realizing that he really did not want to marry his daughter. He was very unhappy that Marya, without his request, dressed up beautifully and again made a sharp remark to her, thus bringing the poor girl to tears.

However, all three women - Princess Marya, Lisa and Mademoiselle Burienne - were flattered by the attention of the young man who appeared in their house and, in their opinion, brightened up the monotonous life.

Chapter five

Under the influence of the events of the past day, the women could not sleep for a long time. Marya was thinking about "good" Anatol, and she was suddenly overcome by such fear that she had to ask the maid to spend the night with her in the room. Mademoiselle Buryen walked for a long time in the winter garden, and the little princess could not lie down well: "everything was hard and awkward."

Prince Nikolai, very unhappy with Marya's reaction to Anatole, felt insulted. He noticed that the young man was looking only at Mademoiselle Bourienne, and wanted to open the eyes of his naive daughter.

Indeed, Anatole began to flirt with Marya's companion. And the prince, now becoming affectionate, now falling into rudeness, tried in a conversation with his daughter to find out whether she really wanted to marry Anatole. “He will take you with a dowry and, by the way, will capture Mademoiselle Bourienne. She will be a wife, and you ... ”- he blurted out in his hearts. Tears appeared in the eyes of the princess again. In fact, the father, perhaps without realizing it himself, wanted to warn his child against an irreparable mistake, although he gave his daughter the freedom of choice in this matter. However, his fears about the promiscuous behavior of the guest were confirmed. Princess Marya saw Anatole and Buriens embracing. The reaction of the failed bride was amazing: instead of taking offense at her rival, she began to console her, promising that she would do everything for the happiness of her friend, who “loves him so passionately,” “so passionately repents”. And, to the joy of her father, she announced under Prince Vasily that she did not want to marry Anatole.

Chapter six

The Rostovs did not receive news of their son Nikolai for a long time, when suddenly a letter arrived. The delighted count went into his room to read the long-awaited news. Anna Mikhailovna, who still lived with the Rostovs, seeing her father's reaction to his son's letter - he sobbed and laughed at the same time - offered her help. Ilya shared with her the news about Nikolai, saying that he was wounded and now promoted to officer.

At first Natalya Anna Mikhailovna did not want to say that a letter had come from her brother, but then, yielding to persistent requests, she confessed, taking her word to keep it a secret. "Honest, noble word, I will not tell anyone ..." - Natasha promised, but immediately rushed with the news to Sonya. So the family, including brother Petya, and the countess (whom they decided to confess to later, so as not to upset) learned about the letter.

Finally, "Nikolushka's letter was read hundreds of times, and those who were considered worthy to listen to it had to come to the countess who would not let go of it." Each of the family members considered it necessary to convey a return message. The letters were accompanied by money - six thousand for uniforms and various things.

Chapter Seven

November 12 Kutuzovskaya combat army, who was camped near Olmutz, was preparing for the next day for the review of two emperors - an Austrian and a Russian. Nikolai Rostov found out that his relatives had handed over money and letters; he needed to get them from Boris at the agreed place. It was very opportune, because the young man needed funds, and he went to the guards camp, which was nearby. Finally, friends, Boris and Nikolai, who had not seen each other for six months, met. They had something to talk about after the forced separation. Andrei Bolkonsky joined the friends, who did not like Rostov's reasoning that staff officers receive awards simply by sitting in the rear. But the prince correctly, without resorting to insults, cooled the ardor of the young man.

Chapter Eight

The day after the meeting between Boris and Nikolai took place, a review of the Austrian and Russian troops... Rostov in the forefront Russian army, rejoices to see the emperor welcoming the army. He experienced "a feeling of self-forgetfulness, a proud consciousness of power and a passionate attraction to the one who was the cause of this celebration" and was ready without hesitation, if necessary, to give his life for his native Motherland, for the king. Even more joy was produced by the news that the valiant soldiers deserved the St. George's banners.

Nikolai took what was happening with such delight that, seeing Andrei Bolkonsky among his retinue, in his heart he immediately forgave him yesterday's words. "In a moment of such a feeling of love, delight and selflessness, what do all our quarrels and resentments mean ?!" He thought.

Chapter nine

The day after the inspection, Boris decided to go to Olmutz to Andrei Bolkonsky in order to ingratiate himself with such an important person and, if possible, under his patronage, be promoted to adjutant. It is not surprising that he wanted to make a career, because, unlike Nikolai Rostov, he did not have a lot of money. Involuntarily, envy crept into the soul.

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After some obstacles, the audience between Bolkonsky and Boris finally took place. Andrei was glad to patronize the young man, help him advance "in secular business", so that later he could feel a sense of pride in a useful cause - and brought Boris to the Olmyutsky Palace, to Prince Dolgorukov. But no matter how hard he tried to put in a word for the young man, obstacles interfered. When Andrei was already beginning to ask about Boris's case, Dolgorukov was suddenly summoned to the emperor. A young officer, so eager to advance the career ladder, while he remained in the Izmailovsky regiment.

Chapter ten

The squadron in which Nikolai Rostov served was left in reserve and did not participate in the battle to capture the city of Vishau. But the Russian army boldly fought the enemy, and as a result won a brilliant victory. At that time, a whole squadron of the French was captured.

Nikolai witnessed how two Cossacks were leading the captured dragoon on foot, who turned out to be "a young fellow, Alsatian, who spoke French with a German accent." The captured Frenchman asked to take pity on his horse.

On this day, another event took place that played a role in the life of Rostov. The hussars saw the passing Emperor Alexander, and this filled the soul of Nicholas with real happiness and delight. Even his friend Denisov joked about this that Rostov "fell in love with the tsar."

Chapter eleven

The sensitive Tsar Alexander did not remain indifferent at the sight of the wounded and killed and, being impressed, fell ill. On November 17, a French officer named Savary arrived in Vishau and demanded a meeting with the Russian emperor.

The purpose of "sending Savary" was to offer peace and a meeting between two emperors - French and Russian, however, the sovereign refused to meet in person and Dolgorukov was sent to negotiations with Napoleon.

Bonoparte was afraid of a general battle, and the Russian officers wanted to take advantage of this, believing that now the victory would certainly be for the Russian army. However, the commander-in-chief Kutuzov had a completely opposite opinion on this matter, believing that the battle would be lost.

Chapter twelve

As a result of the military council, which was very reluctant to be headed by Kutuzov and which was attended by Prince Andrei Bolkonsky, it was decided to fulfill the disposition to attack the enemy, to implement Weyrother's plan - even despite the fact that the commander-in-chief did not agree with him. Andrei Bolkonsky also wanted to express his thoughts on this, but he did not succeed.

Chapter thirteen

Due to poor visibility - there was a heavy fog - the Russians were not able to start the battle. It was night. Rostov, half asleep, dreamed of how he would tell his sister Natalya that he had seen the sovereign himself. Suddenly, several shots rang out.

Rostov, who drove up to Bagration's detachment, asked to be assigned to the first squadron, and his desire was fulfilled. Meanwhile, the enemy army was also preparing for battle. Napoleon read out the order for the offensive.

Chapter fourteen

The armies are preparing for the battle at Austerlitz. There is disorder in the movement of the columns, which Kutuzov immediately notices. The fog does not dissipate in any way. For Napoleon, this day - the anniversary of his coronation - was solemn. Finally, he removed the glove from the beautiful white hand and gave the order to begin the business.

Chapter fifteen

For Prince Andrei Bolkonsky, the long-desired moment was approaching. Kutuzov gave the general the order to build up soldiers in columns and then go around the village. But disagreements arose between them, since the general intended to line up behind the village. The situation was heating up.

Seeing his adjutant Andrey, Kutuzov softened a little and said: “Go, my dear, see if the third division passed through the village. Tell her to stop and wait for my order ... "

After that, Kutuzov saw two emperors approaching the columns with their retinue, and "his whole figure and manner suddenly changed." He suddenly turned into a "commanding" person. To the question of Emperor Alexander "Why are you not starting? .." Kutuzov replied: "I am waiting, Your Majesty." The commander-in-chief delayed the offensive in the hope of saving the troops, but the sovereign insisted on the immediate start of the battle. Kutuzov did not dare to disobey the emperor.

Chapter sixteen

Kutuzov peered into the dissipating fog. Adjutants and generals, taking turns looking through the telescope, found that the French were very close to them. The battle began. Despite being wounded in the cheek, Kutuzov rushed into the crowd of fleeing people. "Stop these scoundrels!" - gasping, he ordered the regimental commander. The soldiers started shooting without any command.

The ensign let go of the banner, but Andrei Bolkonsky picked it up and ran forward with a shout of "hurray". Kutuzov's adjutant was sure that the entire battalion would run after him, and at first it happened. He heard the whistle of bullets above him, saw the fight between the red-haired artilleryman and the French soldier, who were fighting for the bannik, but at some point he felt that he was wounded. There was nothing above him but the sky. Looking at him, Andrei finally realized that everything that happened before was empty. "How then have I not seen this high sky before?" He wondered.

Chapter seventeen

All the wishes of Nikolai Rostov, who after a short sleep felt resolute and brave, were fulfilled: he was an orderly for the bravest general; went on an assignment to Kutuzov, and, possibly, to the sovereign himself. However, on the way, the ardent young man had to face difficulties: at first, “a huge mass of cavalrymen on black horses was walking towards him,” then he saw how Russian and Austrian soldiers were shooting at each other, as a result of which there were many wounded, but he could not allow and thoughts of the defeat and flight of their compatriots.

Chapter Eighteen

Rostov, being near the village of Pratsa, was looking for Kutuzov and the sovereign. He asked about them, but one soldier claimed that the emperor was badly wounded, and some officers also confirmed this. Nikolai was confused, and, not knowing the real truth, he was discouraged and upset. Suddenly, happiness smiled at Rostov: he saw his adored sovereign outside the village, sitting on a horse, safe and sound, and realized that the rumors about his injury were untrue. However, rejoicing in such unexpected meeting and thinking about what had happened, the young man missed the opportunity to talk with the king about an important matter for which he stubbornly sought the emperor. He was afraid that the sovereign would change his opinion about him for the worse, especially since he already knew that the battle was lost.

Chapter nineteen

The wounded Andrei Bolkonsky was bleeding and groaning. Suddenly he heard the sounds of horses' hooves. They were the approaching French. Suddenly, Napoleon himself stopped in front of him, who, at first thought that the young man lying supine, was already dead, said: "Here is a beautiful death." However, looking more closely, the emperor realized that he was alive and ordered that the wounded be carried to the dressing station. Andrew could no longer answer Napoleon's questions and was silent, however, Bonaparte ordered that Dr. Larrey examined him.

It is surprising that the French emperor treated Russian prisoners kindly. But Andrey was thinking about something else - about the meaning of life, about God, about whether there is life beyond the grave. Everything that happened in comparison with this seemed so petty and insignificant. Dr. Larrey, having examined the wounded man, concluded that he was hopeless and would never recover, and Bolkonsky was placed in the care of the villagers.

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace". Description by chapters. Volume 1. Part 3.

In the St. Petersburg salon of Anna Pavlovna Sherer, the cream of society gathered: Prince Vasily with his close-minded son Ippolit and his beautiful daughter Helene, Prince Andrei Bolkonsky with his wife Liza, a black-haired little princess, Princess Drubetskaya, who is in a strained financial situation. The appearance of the clumsy and carried away Pierre Bezukhov, the heir to the old count. The guests are discussing the activities of Napoleon and the latest news in the state.

In Moscow, the Rostovs' house celebrated the name day of Natalya's youngest daughter, a lively and cheerful girl. The Rostovs had four children: the eldest daughter Vera, a cold girl, different from the noisy family, the sons Nikolenka, Petya and the aforementioned Natasha. Also, the family brought up a romantic and sensitive girl Sonya, who was in love with Nikolai. Natasha loved Boris Drubetskoy. The celebration was noisy, the guests danced, sang and talked at ease.

The old Count Bezukhov died - Prince Vasily wanted to destroy his will, but he did not succeed, Pierre became the only heir.
In the Bolkonsky estate, the old prince led an active lifestyle, taught mathematics to his daughter Marya, a devout girl, whose only joy was correspondence with a friend. The little princess is forced to live in the Bolkonsky estate, because her husband is serving in the army.

In the fall of 1805, Russian troops were stationed in Austria, in Braunau. Andrei Bolkonsky was an adjutant of Kutuzov, and Nikolai Rostov was a cadet of the hussar regiment. The demoted Dolokhov asks his superiors for a chance to improve. The review of the troops was brilliant. At the beginning of hostilities with the French, our army retreated to Vienna - crossed the river Ens. Gusar Denisov, a friend of Nikolai Rostov, took part in the burning of the bridge. The outcome of the battle was in favor of the Allies. During the Shengraben battle, there was confusion in the Russian camp - the commanders could not choose a single strategy. The flanks retreated, but Bagration attacked, Denisov's squadron and Timokhin's company also distinguished themselves. Nikolai Rostov was wounded.

After receiving the inheritance in the world, Pierre began to occupy an enviable position. Prince Vasily undertook a campaign to marry Bezukhov to his daughter, the beautiful Helen - she was crowned with success. Then Kuragin started another business - the marriage of his second son, Anatole, to Princess Marya. In the Bolkonsky estate, Anatol became more interested in the servant than the princess, although she dreamed of family life. As a result, Marya decided to stay at home with her father.

At the front, Emperor Alexander inspected the troops - Nikolai Rostov fell in love with the autocrat, was ready to die for him. Soon Rostov became Bagration's assistant. During the Austrelitz battle, the battlefield was covered with fog, confusion reigned, the Russians fled, Kutuzov was wounded. Andrei Bolkonsky, together with the banner, fled to the enemy - he was wounded and subsequently the French left him in the care of the inhabitants. The battle was lost.

Nikolai Rostov, together with his friend Vasily Denisov, came to visit Moscow. Dolokhov looked after Helen, for which Bezukhov was summoned to a duel - the offender was wounded.
Andrei Bolkonsky, who was considered at home for the deceased, returned. He found his wife giving birth - Princess Liza died, giving birth to a dream, Nicholas.
Rostov lost a large sum to his friend Dolokhov. Denisov made Natasha an offer, but was refused. Friends returned to the front.

Pierre Bezukhov joined the Masonic lodge, there were changes in his worldview, but after visiting Europe, he realized the shortcomings of the Russian community. After unsuccessful attempts to transform the lodge, Pierre left it. Andrei Bolkonsky left the service, settled in his estate Bogucharovo, was engaged in the arrangement of the village. Old prince decided to lead the militia. Soon Andrei began working with Speransky, but quickly became disillusioned with public service... At the court ball, Natasha made an indelible impression on him. Soon the prince proposed to her - the wedding was postponed due to Andrey's trip abroad. Natasha's trip with her father to the estate of old Bolkonsky was unsuccessful. Anatol Kuragin charmed Natasha - she almost ran away from home with him, but her relatives found out about it. In a difficult period, Pierre Bezukhov supported the suffering girl.

Napoleon's invasion of Moscow began. Pierre was sure of his special destiny. Andrei Bolkonsky returned to the active army. The old prince died. Nikolai Rostov helped Princess Marya leave for Moscow - sympathy arose between them.
Kutuzov was confident of the success of the Borodino battle. Bezukhov wanted to witness the battle. Napoleon's maneuvers were unsuccessful - the Russians fought back their positions. Prince Bolkonsky was seriously wounded, Anatol's leg was taken away, Bagration was killed.

The French invaded the deserted Moscow. Pierre assured himself that he must kill Napoleon - he was captured by the French. Natasha met the wounded Bolkonsky. Together with Marya, she looked after him until his last hours - Andrei died soon after. Helen died in St. Petersburg. After the Tarutino maneuver, the French were put to flight. Petya Rostov and Denisov were partisans - during one sortie Petya was killed ...
After the end of the war, the attitude of the authorities towards Kutuzov was strained, he was given to understand that it was time to retire. After returning from captivity, Pierre and Natasha got married. Subsequently, she became the mother of many children and completely merged into family life. The old Count Rostov died, Nikolai inherited all the affairs and married Princess Marya. Bezukhov planned to create a society for a coup in the state, Nikolai was critical of this, little Bolkonsky listened with enthusiasm to these conversations ...

Please note that this is only summary literary work"War and Peace". Many important points and quotes are missing in this summary.

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy's novel War and Peace was written in 1863-1869. To get acquainted with the main plot lines of the novel, we suggest that grade 10 students and everyone who is interested in Russian literature read the summary of "War and Peace" by chapters and parts online.

"War and Peace" refers to literary direction realism: the book describes in detail a number of key historical events, depicts typical Russian society characters, the main conflict is “hero and society”. The genre of the novel epic: "War and Peace" includes both the features of the novel (the presence of several plot lines, a description of the development of characters and crisis moments in their fate) and epics (global historical events, the all-encompassing nature of the depiction of reality). In the novel, Tolstoy touches upon many "eternal" themes: love, friendship, fathers and children, the search for the meaning of life, the confrontation between war and peace both in a global sense and in the souls of heroes.

main characters

Andrey Bolkonsky- the prince, the son of Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky, was married to the little princess Liza. He is in constant search of the meaning of life. Participated in the Battle of Austerlitz. He died of a wound received during the Battle of Borodino.

Natasha Rostova- the daughter of the Count and Countess Rostovs. At the beginning of the novel, the heroine is only 12 years old, Natasha is growing up before the eyes of the reader. At the end of the work, she marries Pierre Bezukhov.

Pierre Bezukhov- Count, son of Count Kirill Vladimirovich Bezukhov. He was married to Helen (first marriage) and Natasha Rostova (second marriage). He was fond of Freemasonry. Was present on the battlefield during the Battle of Borodino.

Nikolay Rostov- the eldest son of the Count and Countess Rostovs. Participated in military campaigns against the French and the Patriotic War. After the death of his father, he takes care of the family. He married Marya Bolkonskaya.

Ilya Andreevich Rostov and Natalia Rostova- Counts, parents of Natasha, Nikolay, Vera and Petit. A happy married couple living in harmony and love.

Nikolay Andreevich Bolkonsky- Prince, father of Andrei Bolkonsky. A prominent figure in the Catherine era.

Marya Bolkonskaya- Princess, sister of Andrei Bolkonsky, daughter of Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky. A devout girl who lives for her loved ones. She married Nikolai Rostov.

Sonya- niece of Count Rostov. Lives in the care of the Rostovs.

Fedor Dolokhov- at the beginning of the novel, he is an officer of the Semenovsky regiment. One of the leaders partisan movement... During his peaceful life, he constantly participated in revelry.

Vasily Denisov- friend of Nikolai Rostov, captain, squadron commander.

Other characters

Anna Pavlovna Sherer- the maid of honor and confidant of Empress Maria Feodorovna.

Anna Mikhailovna Drubetskaya- the impoverished heiress of "one of the best surnames in Russia", the friend of Countess Rostova.

Boris Drubetskoy- the son of Anna Mikhailovna Drubetskaya. Made it shiny military career... He married Julie Karagina to improve his financial situation.

Julie Karagina- daughter of Karagina Marya Lvovna, friend of Marya Bolkonskaya. She married Boris Drubetskoy.

Kirill Vladimirovich Bezukhov- Count, father of Pierre Bezukhov, an influential person. After his death, he left his son (Pierre) a huge fortune.

Marya Dmitrievna Akhrosimova- the godmother of Natasha Rostova, she was known and respected in St. Petersburg and Moscow.

Peter Rostov (Petya)- the youngest son of the Count and Countess Rostovs. Was killed during Patriotic War.

Vera Rostova- the eldest daughter of the Count and Countess of the Rostovs. Adolf Berg's wife.

Adolph (Alphonse) Karlovich Berg- a German who made a career from lieutenant to colonel. First the groom, then the husband of Vera Rostova.

Liza Bolkonskaya- a little princess, the young wife of Prince Andrei Bolkonsky. She died during childbirth, giving birth to a son to Andrei.

Vasily Sergeevich Kuragin- Prince, friend of Scherer, a well-known and influential secular figure in Moscow and St. Petersburg. He holds an important post at court.

Elena Kuragina (Helen)- the daughter of Vasily Kuragin, the first wife of Pierre Bezukhov. A charming woman who loved to shine in the light. She died after a failed abortion.

Anatol Kuragin- "restless fool", the eldest son of Vasily Kuragin. Charming and handsome man, dandy, lover of women. Participated in the Battle of Borodino.

Ippolit Kuragin- "the late fool", the youngest son of Vasily Kuragin. The complete opposite of his brother and sister, very stupid, everyone perceives him as a jester.

Amelie Burien- Frenchwoman, companion of Marya Bolkonskaya.

Shinshin- cousin of Countess Rostova.

Ekaterina Semyonovna Mamontova- the eldest of the three sisters of the Mamontovs, the niece of Count Kirill Bezukhov.

Bagration- Russian military leader, hero of the war against Napoleon 1805-1807 and the Patriotic War of 1812.

Napoleon Bonaparte- Emperor of France.

Alexander I- Emperor of the Russian Empire.

Kutuzov- Field Marshal General, Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army.

Tushin- artillery captain, distinguished himself in the battle of Shengraben.

Platon Karataev- a soldier of the Absheron regiment, embodying everything truly Russian, whom Pierre met in captivity.

Volume 1

The first volume of "War and Peace" consists of three parts, divided into "peaceful" and "military" blocks of the narrative and covers the events of 1805. The "Peaceful" first part of the first volume of the work and the opening chapters of the third part describe social life in Moscow, St. Petersburg, in Lysyh Gory.

In the second part and the last chapters of the third part of the first volume, the author depicts pictures of the war between the Russian-Austrian army and Napoleon. The central episodes of the "military" blocks of the narrative are the Battle of Schöngraben and the Battle of Austerlitz.

From the first, "peaceful" chapters of the novel "War and Peace", Tolstoy introduces the reader to the main characters of the work - Andrei Bolkonsky, Natasha Rostova, Pierre Bezukhov, Nikolai Rostov, Sonya and others. Through the depiction of the life of various social groups and families, the author conveys the diversity of Russian life in pre-war time... "Military" chapters reflect all the unadorned realism of military operations, additionally revealing to the reader the characters of the main characters. The defeat at Austerlitz, which concludes the first volume, appears in the novel not only as the defeat of the Russian troops, but also as a symbol of the collapse of hopes, a revolution in the lives of most of the main characters.

Volume 2

The second volume of "War and Peace" is the only "peaceful" volume in the entire epic and covers the events of 1806-1811 on the eve of the Patriotic War. In it, "peaceful" episodes of the heroes' secular life are intertwined with the military-historical world - the acceptance between France and Russia of the Tilsit armistice, the preparation of Speransky's reforms.

During the period described in the second volume, important events take place in the lives of the heroes that largely change their worldview and outlook on the world: the return of Andrei Bolkonsky home, his disappointment in life after the death of his wife and subsequent transformation thanks to his love for Natasha Rostova; Pierre's passion for Freemasonry and his attempts to improve the lives of peasants on their estates; Natasha Rostova's first ball; loss to Nikolai Rostov; hunting and Christmastide in Otradnoye (Rostov estate); the failed abduction of Natasha by Anatol Karagin and Natasha's refusal to marry Andrei. The second volume ends with the symbolic appearance of a comet hanging over Moscow, foreshadowing terrible events in the lives of heroes and all of Russia - the war of 1812.

Volume 3

The third volume of "War and Peace" is devoted to the military events of 1812 and their impact on the "peaceful" life of the Russian people of all classes. The first part of the volume describes the invasion French troops to the territory of Russia and preparation for the Battle of Borodino. The second part shows itself battle of Borodino, which is the culmination of not only the third volume, but the entire novel. On the battlefield, many central characters of the work intersect (Bolkonsky, Bezukhov, Denisov, Dolokhov, Kuragin, etc.), which emphasizes the inextricable connection of the entire people with a common goal - the fight against the enemy. The third part is devoted to the surrender of Moscow to the French, a description of the fire in the capital, which, according to Tolstoy, happened because of those who left the city, leaving it to the enemies. The most touching scene of the volume is also described here - the meeting between Natasha and the mortally wounded Bolkonsky, who still loves the girl. The volume ends with an unsuccessful attempt by Pierre to kill Napoleon and his arrest by the French.

Volume 4

The fourth volume of War and Peace covers the events of the Patriotic War of the second half of 1812, as well as the peaceful life of the main characters in Moscow, St. Petersburg and Voronezh. The second and third "military" units describe the flight of Napoleon's army from plundered Moscow, the Battle of Tarutino and guerrilla warfare Russian army against the French. The "military" chapters are framed by the "peaceful" first and fourth parts, in which the author pays special attention to the mood of the aristocracy regarding military events, its remoteness from public interests.

In the fourth volume, key events take place in the lives of the heroes: Nikolai and Marya understand that they love each other, Andrei Bolkonsky and Helen Bezukhova die, Petya Rostov dies, and Pierre and Natasha begin to think about possible joint happiness. However, the central figure of the fourth volume becomes a simple soldier, a native of the people - Platon Karataev, who acts in the novel as the bearer of everything truly Russian. In his words and actions, the very simple wisdom of the peasant, folk philosophy is expressed, over the comprehension of which the main characters of War and Peace are tormented.

Epilogue

In the epilogue of War and Peace, Tolstoy sums up the entire epic novel, depicting the life of the heroes seven years after the Patriotic War - in 1819-1820. Significant changes took place in their lives, both good and bad: the marriage of Pierre and Natasha and the birth of their children, the death of Count Rostov and the difficult financial situation of the Rostov family, the wedding of Nikolai and Marya and the birth of their children, the growing up of Nikolenka, the son of the deceased Andrei Bolkonsky, in which the character of the father is already clearly visible.

If the first part of the epilogue describes the personal life of the heroes, then the second presents the author's thoughts about historical events, the role in these events of a separate historical personality and entire nations. Completing his reasoning, the author comes to the conclusion that the whole history is predetermined by some irrational law of random interactions and interrelationships. An example of this is the scene depicted in the first part of the epilogue, when the Rostovs gather a large family: the Rostovs, Bolkonskys, Bezukhovs - all of them were brought together by the same incomprehensible law of historical interrelations - the main active force, directing all the events and destinies of the characters in the novel.

Conclusion

In the novel War and Peace, Tolstoy managed to masterfully portray the people not as different social strata, but as a single whole, united by common values ​​and aspirations. All four volumes of the work, including the epilogue, are connected by the idea of ​​"people's thought" that lives not only in every hero of the work, but also in every "peaceful" or "military" episode. It was this unifying thought that became, according to Tolstoy's idea, the main reason for the Russian victory in the Patriotic War.

"War and Peace" is rightfully considered a masterpiece of Russian literature, an encyclopedia of Russian characters and human life in general. For more than a century, the work has remained interesting and relevant for modern readers, history buffs and connoisseurs of classical Russian literature. War and Peace is a novel that everyone should read.

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