How many times was Stalin a hero of the Soviet Union. Why did Joseph Stalin forbid the establishment of the Order of Stalin? (8 photos)

The highest award for Labor, from the Peoples of Russia.

On December 20, 1939, for exceptional services in organizing the Communist Party, creating the Soviet state, building a socialist society in the USSR and strengthening friendship between peoples, Comrade Stalin was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.

Why Stalin refused the title of Hero Soviet Union.

I want to write not even about a historical moment, but just about a hint at one moment in our history, which still remains unnoticed.

Since the Civil War in the USSR, awards have been established "for battle and for labor." Stalin could not refuse to award them, since this would be disregard for state awards, although Stalin himself never wore orders, making an exception only for the star of the Hero of Socialist Labor, which since the moment he was awarded this title in 1939, from time to time appears on his chest. In total, before the war, he had three orders - the Order of Lenin and two Red Banners.

During the war, he began to command all front-line operations and received five more awards - one Order of Lenin, two Orders of Victory, one Red Banner and the Order of Suvorov 1st degree (as for another Order of Lenin, I will say about it separately). That is, Stalin, like all marshals of the USSR, accepted the awards that were due to him, since he was obliged to accept them, and, most likely, agreed that he deserved them.

Marshal Tymoshenko, who was the People's Commissar (Minister) of Defense for a year and a half before the war, fought well during the war and was awarded six orders - one Order of Lenin, one Order of Victory, three Orders of Suvorov 1st degree and one Red Banner. That is, he was awarded even more orders than Stalin.

Marshal Voroshilov, from 1925 to early 1940 was the people's commissar of defense. During the war he was awarded three orders - one Order of Lenin, one Order of Suvorov 1st degree and one Red Banner.

The title of Hero of the Soviet Union began to be awarded to military leaders from the moment this award was established, Zhukov, for example, had this title for Khalkhin-Gol, Marshals Kulik and Timoshenko for Finnish war, and General Stern for the leadership of the troops in Spain - for the fulfillment of his international duty. That is, the assignment of the title of Hero of the Soviet Union to the highest command personnel of the Red Army was already an established practice. Accordingly, during the Great Patriotic War the assignment of this rank to senior military leaders was continued, but in a dramatically increased number. Some were awarded this title twice (Marshals Rokossovsky, Zhukov), and at the end of the war and at the end of the war, the title of Hero of the Soviet Union was generally conferred by chokh, and those who, in conscience, were supposed to be shot, were included in the lists of awarded generals.

However, marshals Timoshenko and Voroshilov were not awarded this title either during the war or as a result. It turns out that Stalin, approving the lists submitted for conferring the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, simply crossed out these commanders, although throughout the war he agreed with the awarding of their commander's orders. For example, Stalin presented Tymoshenko three times for awarding the highest military leader's order of Suvorov 1 degree (Zhukov has only two of them, Stalin has one), presented Timoshenko to be awarded the unique Order of Victory, that is, he believed that Tymoshenko deserved these orders. But he did not consider him a hero! Why??

Another moment. Not a single commissar (later a "member of the military council") became a Hero of the Soviet Union. Although such political workers as Khrushchev, Brezhnev and, especially, Mehlis, cannot be accused of cowardice. Commissar Poppel, who fought the remnants of his corps for 800 km in the rear of the Germans, wrote that such an instruction regarding the commissars had been received since the beginning of the war.

So why, in Stalin's understanding, the pre-war people's commissars and all commissars in general are not heroes?

I think this is the point.

By June 22, 1941, the Red Army had from Soviet people everything for the defeat of the Germans is an excellent human material (even Zhukov considered the main factor in the victory of a young Soviet soldier), quite modern weapons and equipment, and, most importantly, all this in quantities exceeding the weapons and equipment of the Germans. The Red Army had enough ammunition, fuel and equipment. But in 1941 she suffered a shameful defeat, gave the Germans vast territories of the USSR and almost 40% of the population. Was Stalin tormented by the question why ?? I think I tortured from the beginning of the war and the rest of my life. And I think that he saw the reason for these defeats in the abomination that the cadre command staff of the Red Army showed in the war - he saw massive meanness, betrayal, cowardice, inability to fight and contempt for the lives of soldiers. The cadre command staff of the Red Army preserved all this vileness and kept it intact from the tsarist officers, and at the beginning of the war, this tsarist officer's abomination in the Red Army remained unredeemed.

Defense ministers and commissars were responsible for the quality of the army's cadre command personnel.

But why did Stalin never mention a word about this? Because it was impossible to talk about anything like that out loud during the war and immediately after it. Start talking about this general-officer meanness, or even shoot for it during the war, and trust in the command staff will collapse, respectively, the army will not become, but even with the victory over the Germans and Japanese, the military threat to the USSR constantly persisted, in view of the superiority of the United States in the atomic weapons.

But what about Stalin himself? He's a leader, isn't it his fault in such a composition of the Red Army command? Yes, he was a leader, yes, he was responsible for everything. And, if I understand correctly, Stalin understood and accepted this guilt.

When, immediately after the end of the war with the Germans, all the front commanders signed a collective petition to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet to assign their commander-in-chief the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR granted this request - conferred this title on Stalin with the Golden Star and the Order of Lenin. But Stalin categorically refused to accept the signs of these awards, and for the first time they appeared only on the cushions near his coffin. (Later, the artists on his portraits began to paint on both a star and another Order of Lenin, but during his lifetime Stalin was not something that he did not wear, but did not receive). Stalin did not consider himself a Hero of the Soviet Union.

(Yu. Mukhin)

I draw your attention to the fact that even here they could not do without lies. Order No. 270 clearly condemns those who gave up captured, and not those who were captured ... All the servicemen who were captured and released from it passed through filtration camps. So, in total, as a result of the war, over 90% of the Soviet servicemen released from captivity, having successfully passed the necessary check , returned to the ranks or were sent to work in the industry. The number of arrested was about 4% and about the same number were sent to penal battalions ...

And as always, the cherry on top:

fkmrf123 »Georgy Shakhov Today 08:29

For those to whom it was all thoroughly interesting to know, perhaps not a wonder. But for those who came across such a "truth" by accident, then just how amazing fact it turns out.

Michael Naida »fkmrf123 Today 08:48

Stalin did not consider himself a Hero. And it is right. A hero is a concrete act, in specific location... who does in the Name of People what the absolute majority ... is not capable of. Later, freeloaders, hangers-on (mostly Jews), ruined this title, starting to reward each other in order to amuse their own ego. Typical example today, the title of academician ... 90% of which, the essence is scum-mold ... no right, to this once honorary title ... not having. In the State, perhaps a couple of awards remained, which the Jews have not yet turned into tsatski ... I suppose, these are the Order of Victory and the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called with Swords. Yes, sir ...

In the summer of 1944, this man wrote a statement with a request, sending it personally to Stalin - the lower authorities did not even want to listen to him, answering not at all out of heartlessness: “You already ...

Why they refused, you can understand from the text of the statement.

This Man, a Hero of the Soviet Union, wrote to Stalin that his moral life was bad and asked for help. How?

Be sure to read this statement, a copy of which was kept in the archives of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Belarus, it was declassified and published quite recently.

These days, it doesn't just seem incredible - it's overwhelming.

Moscow, the Kremlin, to Comrade Stalin.
From the Hero of the Soviet Union
lieutenant colonel of state
security
Orlovsky Kirill Prokofievich.

Statement.

Dear Comrade Stalin!

Allow me to hold your attention for a few minutes, express your thoughts, feelings and aspirations to you.
I was born in 1895 in the village. Myshkovichi of the Kirov district of the Mogilev region in the family of a middle peasant.

Until 1915 he worked and studied in his agriculture, in the village of Myshkovichi.

From 1915 to 1918 he served in tsarist army as the commander of a sapper platoon.

From 1918 to 1925 he worked in the rear of the German occupiers, White Poles and White Lithuanians as a commander partisan units and sabotage groups. At the same time, he fought for four months on the Western Front against the White Poles, for two months against the troops of General Yudenich, and for eight months he studied in Moscow at the 1st Moscow Infantry Commanding Course.

From 1925 to 1930 he studied in Moscow at the Komvuz of the Peoples of the West.

From 1930 to 1936 he worked in a special group of the NKVD of the USSR for the selection and training of sabotage and partisan personnel in case of a war with the Nazi invaders in Belarus.

1936 worked on the construction of the Moscow-Volga canal as the head of the construction site.
Throughout 1937 he was on a business trip in Spain, where he fought in the rear of the fascist troops as the commander of a sabotage and partisan group.

1939 - 1940 he worked and studied at the Chkalovsk Agricultural Institute.

1941 was on a special mission in Western China, from where, at his personal request, he was recalled and sent to the deep rear of the German invaders as the commander of a reconnaissance and sabotage group.

Thus, from 1918 to 1943, I was lucky enough to work in the rear of the enemies of the USSR for 8 years as a commander of partisan detachments and sabotage groups, illegally cross the front line and state border more than 70 times, carry out government assignments, kill hundreds of notorious enemies of the Soviet Union both in war and in peacetime, for which the USSR Government awarded me two Orders of Lenin, the Gold Star medal and the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. Member of the CPSU (b) since 1918. I have no party penalties.

On the night of February 17, 1943, intelligence intelligence brought me information that on 17 / II-43 on one of the roads of the Baranovichi region, Wilhelm Kube (General Commissioner of Belarus), Friedrich Fens (Commissioner of three regions of Belarus), Obergruppenführer Zacharius, 10 officers and 40-50 of their guards.

At that time, I had only 12 of my soldiers, armed with one light machine gun, seven machine guns and three rifles. During the day, in an open area, on the road, it was quite risky to attack the enemy, but it was not in my nature to miss a large fascist reptile, and therefore, even before dawn, I brought my soldiers in white camouflage coats to the road, put them in a chain and disguised them in snow pits 20 meters from the road along which the enemy was supposed to drive.

For twelve hours in the snow pits, my comrades and I had to lie and wait patiently ...

At six o'clock in the evening, an enemy transport appeared from behind the hillock, and when the carts were level with our chain, at my signal, our machine-gun fire was opened, as a result of which Friedrich Fens, 8 officers, Zacharius and more than 30 guards were killed.

My comrades calmly took away all the fascist weapons and documents, took off their best clothes and in an organized way went into the forest, to their base.

There were no casualties on our side. In this battle, I was seriously wounded and contused, as a result of which my right arm was amputated along the shoulder, 4 fingers on the left, and the auditory nerve was damaged by 50-60%. In the same place, in the forests of the Baranovichi region, I became physically stronger and in August 1943, by a radiogram, I was summoned to Moscow.

Thanks to To the People's Commissar I am living very well financially to comrade Merkulov and the head of the 4th Directorate, Comrade Sudoplatov, of state security. Morally - bad.

The Lenin-Stalin party brought me up to work hard for the benefit of my beloved Motherland; my physical disabilities (loss of hands and deafness) do not allow me to work at my previous job, but the question arises: did I give everything for the Motherland and the party of Lenin-Stalin?

To my moral satisfaction, I am deeply convinced that I have enough physical strength, experience and knowledge in order to still benefit in peaceful work.

Simultaneously with reconnaissance, sabotage and partisan work, I devoted possible time work on agricultural literature.

From 1930 to 1936, due to the nature of my main job, I visited the collective farms of Belarus every day, I thoroughly looked at this business and fell in love with it.

My stay at the Chkalovsk Agricultural Institute, as well as the Moscow Agricultural Exhibition, I used to the bottom in obtaining such an amount of knowledge that can provide the organization of an exemplary collective farm.

If the Government of the USSR issued a loan in the amount of 2.175 thousand rubles in commodity terms and 125 thousand rubles in monetary terms, then I would have achieved following indicators:

1. From a hundred fodder cows (in 1950) I can achieve milk yield of at least eight thousand kilograms for each fodder cow, at the same time I can increase the live weight of a dairy farm every year, improve the exterior, and also increase the percentage of milk fat.

2. Sow no less than seventy hectares of flax and in 1950 get no less than 20 centners of flax fiber from each hectare.

3. Sow 160 hectares of grain crops (rye, oats, barley) and in 1950 get at least 60 centners from each hectare, provided that even in June - July of this year there will be no rain. If it rains, the harvest will not be 60 centners per hectare, but 70 - 80 centners.

4. Collective farm forces in 1950 will plant a one hundred hectares orchard in accordance with all agrotechnical rules developed by agrotechnical science.

5. By 1948, three snow retention strips will be organized on the territory of the collective farm, on which at least 30,000 ornamental trees will be planted.

6. By 1950 there will be at least one hundred bee farm families.

7. Until 1950, the following buildings will be built:

shed for M – P farm No. 1 - 810 sq. m;
shed for M – P farm No. 2 - 810 sq. m;
barn for young cattle number 1 - 620 sq. m;
barn for young cattle number 2 - 620 sq. m;
barn-stable for 40 horses - 800 sq. m;
granary for 950 tons of grain;
shed for storing agricultural machines, implements and mineral fertilizers - 950 sq. m;
power plant, with it a mill and a sawmill - 300 sq. m;
mechanical and carpentry workshop - 320 sq. m;
garage for 7 cars;
petrol storage for 100 tons of fuel and lubricant;
bakery - 75 sq. m;
bath - 98 sq. m;
a club with a radio installation for 400 people;
house for kindergarten- 180 sq. m;
barn for storing sheaves and straw, chaff - 750 sq. m;
Riga No. 2 - 750 sq. m;
storage for root crops - 180 sq. m;
storage for root crops No. 2 - 180 sq. m;
silo pits with brick lining of the walls and bottom with a capacity of 450 cubic meters of silo;
storage for wintering bees - 130 sq. m;
By the efforts of the collective farmers and at the expense of the collective farmers, a village with 200 apartments will be built, each apartment will consist of 2 rooms, a kitchen, a toilet and a small barn for the collective farmer's livestock and poultry.
The settlement will be a type of a well-maintained, cultural settlement, drowning in fruit and ornamental trees;
artesian wells - 6 pieces.

I must say that the gross income of the Krasny Partizan collective farm in the Kirov district of the Mogilev region in 1940 was only 167 thousand rubles.

According to my calculations, this same collective farm in 1950 can achieve a gross income of at least three million rubles.

Along with the organizational and economic work, I will have time and leisure to raise the ideological and political level of my collective farm members, which will make it possible to create strong party and Komsomol organizations on the collective farm from the most politically literate, cultured and devoted people of Lenin-Stalin's party.

Before writing this statement to you and assuming these obligations, I have thoroughly considered many times, carefully weighing every step, every detail of this work, I came to the deep conviction that I will do the above work to the glory of our beloved Motherland and that this farm will be indicative farm for collective farmers in Belarus. Therefore, I ask for your instructions, Comrade Stalin, about sending me to this job and granting the loan I am asking for.

If you have any questions about this application, please call me for an explanation.

Application:

Description of the collective farm "Krasny partisan" of the Kirov district of the Mogilev region.
Topographic map showing the location of the collective farm.
The estimate of the purchased loan.

Hero of the Soviet Union Lieutenant Colonel of State Security Orlovsky.
July 6, 1944
Moscow, Frunzenskaya embankment,
house number 10a, apt. 46, tel. Г-6-60-46 "

Stalin gave the order to satisfy the request of Kirill Orlovsky - he understood it perfectly, because he himself was the same.

He handed over to the state the apartment he had received in Moscow and left for the ruined Belarusian village. Kirill Prokofievich fulfilled his obligations - his collective farm "Rassvet" was the first collective farm in the USSR, which received a millionth profit after the war.

After 10 years, the name of the Chairman became known throughout Belarus, and then the USSR.

In 1958, Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin. For military and labor merits he was awarded 5 Orders of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner, and many medals. Was elected as a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the third-seventh convocations.

In 1956-61 he was a candidate member of the CPSU Central Committee. "Twice Cavalier" Kirill Orlovsky is the prototype of the Chairman in the film of the same name. Several books have been written about him: "Rebellious Heart," "The Story of Cyril Orlovsky" and others.

And the collective farm began with the fact that almost all the peasants lived in dugouts.

Eyewitnesses describe as follows: “Bins in the yards of collective farmers were full of good. He rebuilt the village, paved the road to the regional center and the village street, built a club, a ten-year school. There was not enough money - I took all my savings from my book - 200 thousand - and invested in school. I paid scholarships to students, preparing a reserve of personnel. "

This statement, marked "Top Secret" (that was the status of the applicant), written just three days after Minsk was liberated and not intended to be ever published, tells more about the person who wrote it, the country and the era more than whole volumes of books. It says a lot about our time, although it was not intended for this at all.

It immediately becomes clear what kind of people built the USSR - about the same as Orlovsky. There are no questions on whom Stalin relied on during the construction of the country - it was precisely on such people that he gave such people every opportunity to express themselves. The result was seen by the whole world - the USSR, which literally rose twice from the ashes, Victory, Space and much more, where only one would be enough to glorify the country in history.

It also becomes clear what type of people worked in the Cheka and the NKVD.

If anyone did not understand from the text of the statement, I will emphasize: Kirill Orlovsky is a security officer, a professional saboteur-"liquidator", that is, it is the "NKVD-shny executioner" in the most direct sense of the word, and as the idiots who like to trump pseudo-obscene vocabulary would say - "camp guard ”(completely not understanding the meaning of this word and to whom it referred). Yes, that's right - a year (1936) before volunteering for Spain, Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky was the head of the GULAG system section at the construction of the Moscow-Volga canal.

Yes, just like that - often the chiefs and the Chekists were about such people, although, of course, people, as everywhere, came across all sorts. If anyone does not remember, the great teacher Makarenko also worked in the GULAG system - he was the head of the colony, and then the deputy head of the “children's gulag” of Ukraine.

Awards presented for participation in military operations of the Second World War and for special achievements at the front and in the rear. Contents 1 Anti-Hitler Coalition 1.1 Soviet Union 1.1.1 ... Wikipedia

This article is about non-government awards given to public organization and having an appropriate legal status. The awards listed in the article should not be confused with state awards orders and medals of the Soviet Union ... Wikipedia

Order of Stalin ... Wikipedia

This term has other meanings, see Stalin's funeral (disambiguation). The funeral of IV Stalin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, took place on March 9, 1953. The style of this article is not encyclopedic or violates ... Wikipedia

Main article: Stalin, Joseph Vissarionovich The list includes Soviet and foreign awards and honorary titles of the Soviet statesman Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin. The list is built chronologically by the date of the award ... Wikipedia

A panel depicting JV Stalin at the Narvskaya station of the Leningrad metro, existed until 1961, then it was closed with a fake Stalin personality cult, the exaltation of JV Stalin's personality by means of ... ... Wikipedia

From 1924 to 1953, many geographical objects were named in honor of J.V. Stalin, mainly in the USSR and the countries of people's democracies. Most of these objects were returned to their former name shortly after the event in 1956 ... Wikipedia

Main article: Stalin, Joseph Vissarionovich The reading circle of Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin became the subject of study by historians, biographers and other researchers of the Soviet leader. In particular, this issue was studied in detail by Dr. historical sciences... Wikipedia

Main article: Stalin, Joseph Vissarionovich On March 1, 1953, Stalin, lying on the floor in the small dining room of the Blizhnyaya dacha (one of Stalin's residences), was discovered by security officer Lozgachev. On the morning of March 2, doctors arrived at Blizhnyaya Dacha and ... ... Wikipedia

Founded 1937 Location Gori ... Wikipedia

Books

Encyclopedia of Soviet awards. The order of Lenin. Order of Stalin (project), Valery Durov. This edition is the first book entirely devoted to detailed history one of the Soviet ...
The order of Lenin. Order of Stalin (project), Durov Valery. This edition is the first book entirely devoted to the detailed history of one of the Soviet ...

Frankly speaking, an extremely ridiculous myth. The fact is that Stalin did not suffer from a craving for awards when he was born. And everyone knew this well. It appears that this was due to one circumstance. Our scribblers are very fond of attributing all their disgusting features to the one in relation to whom the authorities give the command "face". Here they ordered to thoroughly throw mud at Stalin - and they are trying. They invent all sorts of dirt, just to please the authorities and snatch a fatter piece from it. Under Stalin, they could not do that. To curry favor with Stalin, famous poet Osip Mandelstam, for example, has already scribbled more than fifty laudatory poems about him. He even composed an ode. Did not help. Especially when the ode came along. With this, Mandelstam finally brought Stalin out of patience and was ordered to send him away from the capital, to Vladivostok (note, not for felling, but in the capital of the Soviet Of the Far East). Stalin did not tolerate sycophants, or rather, hated them with fierce hatred. Because he believed that "an obliging bastard is worse than the enemy." The same was the case with awards, especially military ones.

In his famous book "The Work of All Life" Marshal of the Soviet Union Alexander Mikhailovich Vasilevsky wrote: "Stalin firmly entered military history... His undoubted merit is that under his direct leadership as the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, the Soviet Armed Forces withstood the defensive campaigns and brilliantly carried out all offensive operations. But he, as far as I could observe him, never spoke about his merits. And he had fewer awards than the commanders of the fronts and armies. "

What awards did Stalin have, who for more than 30 years was at the helm of power in the USSR? After all, the greats are not devoid of human weaknesses - they are also living people. In the paintings and photographs of many famous historical figures- both state, political and military - all are depicted with a huge number of various awards. Our marshals and generals, especially during the war, are literally hung from head to foot with all kinds of awards. Their ceremonial tunics weigh almost one and a half pounds. But on Stalin's tunic, only one modest star of the Hero of Socialist Labor always gleamed. He received it in 1939 along with the first Order of Lenin. It is interesting to note the following in this connection. Unlike Hitler, who in principle wore on his tunic only one of his two Iron Crosses, that is, a purely militaristic order, Stalin preferred to wear only the star of the Hero of Socialist Labor, thereby clearly emphasizing the peaceful orientation of his activities as the head of state and party.

As for the awards, Stalin had 14 of them. His first award was the Order of the Red Banner, which he received on the initiative of Lenin and on the basis of the resolution of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of November 27, 1919 “for services at the fronts civil war". The second Order of the Red Banner (then there was no division into military and labor), Stalin received in February 1930 - Central Executive committee The USSR took into account the numerous petitions of a number of organizations, general meetings of workers, peasants and Red Army men and awarded Stalin "for services on the fronts of socialist construction." By the way, the wording is very remarkable - it turns out that both among the people and above everyone perfectly understood that the large-scale socialist transformations carried out under Stalin's leadership were, in essence, a war for the construction of socialism. They were hardly all wrong, for this was indeed a war. The resistance to these changes was fierce. All in all, Stalin had three Orders of the Red Banner.

The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR awarded Stalin with the Order of Suvorov 1st degree on November 6, 1943 “for the correct leadership of the operations of the Red Army in the Patriotic War against the Nazi invaders and successes achieved". Pay attention to the date. By that time, it was already clear to the blind that a radical turning point in the war had already taken place long ago - the great victories in the Battle of Stalingrad and the Battle of the Kursk Bulge were the clearest proof of this. By that time, the marshals and generals had already washed their well-deserved (and some undeserved) commander's and other orders and medals more than once, and Stalin received the commander's order only on November 6, 1943.

On June 20, 1944, the Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Moscow City Council of Working People's Deputies, on behalf of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, presented Stalin with the first medal - "For the Defense of Moscow" in the Kremlin. The wording of the decree was as follows - “for the leadership heroic defense Moscow and the organization of the defeat of German troops near Moscow. " Again, pay attention to the date of awarding this medal - by that time, the military leaders who were awarded such a medal, who took part in the defense of Moscow and in the defeat of Nazi troops near Moscow, had sober up more than once after numerous libations about such an award. And Stalin had just received it on June 20, 1944.

Incidentally, there is a notable incident associated with this medal at a lesser-known high command banquet that took place prior to the famous Victory Banquet. According to the book “Commander Fathers. Stars on epaulettes - stars on graves "to the description of Yu. I. Mukhin, it was as follows:" Marshal Zhukov was at the same table with the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, but not a word was said in his personal honor. It seemed strange to everyone present. Senior military leaders began to give him (that is, Zhukov. - A.M.) signal for a smoke break. Zhukov asked Stalin to take a break. The chief gave permission. He himself smoked a pipe at the table, and everyone went out into the smoking room. Here, the front commanders asked Marshal Zhukov to start a short performance so that they could continue the toast in honor of the first Marshal of Victory.

Zhukov began his toast speech something like this: “If they asked me when it was hardest for me during the whole war, I would answer that in the fall and winter, during the defense of Moscow, when the fate of the Soviet Union was practically decided.”

Having listened silently to this tirade of Zhukov, Stalin suddenly interrupted him with the words: “Here you, Comrade Zhukov, remembered the defense of Moscow. It is true that it was a very difficult time. This was the first victorious battle of our army in the defense of the capital. And you know that many of its defenders, even generals who were wounded and distinguished themselves in battles, were not awarded awards and cannot receive them, since they became disabled! "

Zhukov replied to this reproach as follows: “Comrade Stalin, I, like you, have not received any awards for this battle either, although almost all employees of the General Staff have been awarded the Orders of Lenin (Shaposhnikov, Antonov, Vatutin, Shtemenko and others). I fully admit that I made a mistake in this matter, and we will correct it. "

Then Stalin hit the table with his fist so hard that the crystal leg of the tall wine glass broke off, and red wine spilled onto the tablecloth. The leader, interrupting Zhukov, said: "And at the same time you did not forget to reward your bl ... her." There was a deathly silence, during which Stalin got up, left the table and never returned. "

The third medal of Stalin was "For the victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945", and the first was the medal "20 years of R.K.K.A."

On July 29, 1944, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR awarded Stalin with the highest Soviet military leader's order "Victory" with the wording "for exceptional merits in organizing and conducting offensive operations The Red Army, which led to the largest defeat of the German army and a radical change in the situation on the front of the struggle against the German fascist invaders in favor of the Red Army. " The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR awarded Stalin with the second Order of Victory on June 26, 1945 with the wording “for exceptional services in the organization of all the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union and their skilful leadership in the Great Patriotic War, which ended in complete victory over Nazi Germany.” In the Soviet Union, only three people were twice awarded the Order of Victory - Marshals of the Soviet Union I. V. Stalin, A. M. Vasilevsky and G. K. Zhukov.

The day after being awarded the second Order of Victory, on June 27, 1945, Marshal of the Soviet Union Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin (second) and the Gold Star medal as hard days defense of our Motherland and its capital Moscow, with exceptional courage and decisiveness led the fight against Nazi Germany. On the bust by sculptor Yatsyno, Stalin is depicted in an open overcoat, and on the tunic there are two stars of the Hero - Socialist Labor and the Soviet Union, which in reality never happened.

Stalin never wore the Star of the Hero of the Soviet Union, not considering himself worthy of this title, since he believed that since he personally did not take part in hostilities at the front and did not perform any feats at the front, he had no right to such a title. By the way, having learned about this award, he expressed extremely sharp dissatisfaction with this and uttered a harsh word to the overly quick ones who arranged the publication of such a decree - "sycophants".

Simultaneously with the assignment of the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, on the written submission of the front commanders, Stalin was awarded the highest military rank - Generalissimo of the Soviet Union. By the way, along the way, they wanted to establish the Order of Stalin, but Joseph Vissarionovich was indignant to the depths of his soul with such toadying and categorically rejected such a proposal.

In 1949, in connection with his 70th birthday, Stalin was awarded the third Order of Lenin. This was the last award in his life.

In total, there are 9 orders and 5 medals - 14 awards, none of which are foreign. Frankly speaking, in comparison with the many-pound "iconostases" of the same marshals and generals of Victory - it is extremely small. Well, if we compare with the unforgettable Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev, who had 120 awards, Comrade Stalin was completely deprived, as he himself ordered himself to call himself in response to attempts to address him “Comrade Generalissimo of the Soviet Union”.

This is how Stalin "loved to reward himself." And of the available awards, he most appreciated the title of Hero of Socialist Labor. Because he was a creator!

70 years ago, on June 26, 1945, the title "Generalissimo of the Soviet Union" was introduced in the USSR. Introduced by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 26, 1945 on the basis of consideration of the collective petition of workers, engineers and technical workers and employees of the Moscow plant "Resora" dated February 6, 1943 and the proposal of the commanders of the front troops, the General Staff of the Red Army, the Navy of June 24, 1945

The next day, June 27, 1945, at the suggestion of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and the written submission of the front commanders, the title was awarded to Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin "in commemoration of exceptional merits in the Great Patriotic War." In addition, Iosif Vissarionovich was awarded the Order of Victory and was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Generalissimo of Russia

For the entire existence in Russia, only five people have been awarded this highest title. For the first time the title of Generalissimo (from the Latin generalissimus - "the most important") was awarded in 1569 in France to the Duke of Anjou (later King Henry III). In France, the term "Generalissimo" meant an honorary military title, which was given to persons of the ruling dynasties and the most prominent statesmen... In the Holy Roman Empire, the Austrian Empire and England, this was the position of the commander of an army in the field during the war, or the commander-in-chief of all the troops of the state. In Russia and Spain, this was an honorary highest military rank.

In Russia, the word "generalissimo" appeared during the reign of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. Foreign officers serving in the Russian army, this is how they turned to the Great Voivode, who was considered the commander of the army. Tsar Peter Alekseevich in 1696 for the first time bestowed the title of Generalissimo on voivode Alexei Semyonovich Shein. Alexey Shein came from an old boyar family and was noted by Peter for his successes in the Azov campaigns of 1695-1696, which ended with the capture of the Turkish fortress of Azov. During the first, unsuccessful Azov campaign, Alexey Shein commanded the Guard - the Preobrazhensky and Semyonovsky regiments. During the second Azov campaign, in 1696, the Russian voivode was the commander ground forces... After that, the tsar appointed Shein commander-in-chief of the Russian army, commander of artillery, cavalry and head of the Inozem order. Shein was responsible for the southern strategic direction, fought against the Turks and Crimean Tatars... However, Shein soon fell out of favor (due to the case of the archers) and died in 1700.

Officially, the military rank of Generalissimo in The Russian state was introduced by the Military Regulations of 1716. Therefore, formally, the first generalissimo of Russia was the "nestling of Petrov's nest", the tsarist favorite, Alexander Danilovich Menshikov. It was a controversial personality. On the one hand, he was a loyal companion of Peter for a long time, fought successfully, played a big role in the decisive Battle of Poltava, where he commanded first the vanguard, and then the left flank of the Russian army. At Perevolochna, he forced the remaining Swedish troops to surrender. On the other hand, he was power-hungry and greedy for money and riches. In terms of the number of serfs, he became the second after Tsar Peter the soul-owner in Russia. Menshikov was repeatedly caught in embezzlement. Peter let him down for a long time, recognizing his services to the Fatherland and under the influence of his wife Catherine. However, at the end of Peter's reign Menshikov fell into disgrace, he was deprived of his main positions.

Under Peter, Menshikov did not receive the rank of generalissimo. After Peter's death, he was able to become the de facto ruler of Russia under Catherine I and Peter II. When on May 6 (17), 1727, Peter II Alekseevich became the third emperor of all Russia, Menshikov received the rank of full admiral. And on May 12 he was awarded the rank of generalissimo. As a result, Menshikov received the rank of generalissimo not in recognition of military merit, but as a favor of the tsar. However, Menshikov was defeated in the struggle with other dignitaries and nobles. In September 1727 Menshikov was arrested and exiled. He was stripped of all awards and positions.

The next generalissimo, Prince Anton Ulrich of Braunschweig, also did not have special merits in front of Russia, which should be noted with such a sign of attention. Anton Ulrich was the husband of Anna Leopoldovna. When Anna Leopoldovna became regent (ruler) Russian Empire under the minor emperor Ivan VI, her husband received the highest military rank on November 11, 1740. This happened after a palace coup that ended the reign of Biron.

Anton Ulrik did not possess, unlike the same Menshikov, any managerial and military talents, he was a gentle and limited man. Therefore, he was unable to protect his family. On the night of December 5-6, 1741, another palace coup: The Braunschweig surname was overthrown, Elizaveta Petrovna ascended the throne. Anton Ulrik was stripped of all ranks and titles and sent into exile with his whole family.

On October 28, 1799, the great Russian commander Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov became the generalissimo of the Russian land and sea forces. He was awarded by Emperor Paul in honor of the legendary Swiss campaign of 1799, when the Russian miracle heroes Suvorov defeated not only the French, but also the mountains. Alexander Suvorov received this title by right. He did not lose a single battle, crushed the Poles, Ottomans and French. Suvorov was the author of "The Science of Winning" brief instruction soldiers, where the Russian spirit was expressed, allowing them to emerge victorious in the most difficult conditions. The commanders of the Suvorov school were M.I.Kutuzov, P.I.Bagration and others.

Supreme

After the generalissimo of the 18th century, no one else was awarded the highest military rank in Russia, although the Russian army still fought a lot. Winner The great army Napoleon Mikhail Kutuzov was awarded the rank of Field Marshal for the distinction at Borodino. Even such greatest war like the First World War, did not lead to the emergence of Russian generalissimo. After October revolution In 1917, the previous military ranks were abolished, and with them the rank of generalissimo.

Only during the most terrible and bloody war of the 20th century - the Great Patriotic War, which became sacred for Russia-USSR, since there was a question of the survival of the Russian civilization and the Russian super-ethnos, did they return to the idea of reviving this title. After the Great Patriotic War, on June 26, 1945, by a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the highest military rank "Generalissimo of the Soviet Union" was introduced and on June 27 it was awarded to Joseph Stalin, who during the war years was the Soviet Supreme Commander-in-Chief.

A very interesting legend is connected with the assignment of the rank of generalissimo to Stalin. As you know, Stalin was indifferent to titles and signs of power, he lived modestly, even ascetic. The Supreme Commander did not like sycophants, believing that helpful bastards are worse than obvious enemies. According to the recollections of contemporaries, the question of conferring the title of Generalissimo on Stalin was discussed several times, but the "leader of the peoples" constantly rejected this proposal. At the same time, the highest military leaders especially insisted on the revival of this title, for them the hierarchy was of great importance. One of these discussions took place in the presence of Stalin. Marshal of the Soviet Union Konev recalled that Stalin reacted in the following way: “Do you want to assign the Generalissimo to Comrade Stalin? Why does Comrade Stalin need this? Comrade Stalin does not need this. Comrade Stalin already has authority. You need titles for authority. Just think, you have found a title for Comrade Stalin - Generalissimo. Chiang Kai-shek - Generalissimo, Franco Generalissimo. Needless to say, good company for Comrade Stalin. You are marshals, and I am a marshal, do you want to expel me from the marshals? In some generalissimo? .. ”Thus, Stalin gave a categorical refusal.

However, the marshals continued to insist and decided to exert influence through Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky, one of Stalin's favorite generals. Rokossovsky was able to convince Marshal Stalin with a simple but correct argument showing a military hierarchy. He said: "Comrade Stalin, you are a marshal and I am a marshal, you cannot punish me!" As a result, Stalin surrendered. Although later, according to Molotov's testimony, he repented of this decision: “Stalin regretted that he had agreed to the generalissimo. He was always sorry. And rightly so. Kaganovich, Beria overdid it ... Well, the commanders insisted on it. "

Although, to be honest, he shouldn't have reproached himself. Stalin earned this high title. His enormous, simply titanic work still affects the position of Russia as a great power.

Joseph Stalin was the only generalissimo in the history of Russia who had not only the highest military rank of the country, but also was its leader. Under his leadership, Russia-USSR was prepared for war: the army, the economy and society. The Union became a powerful industrial power, which was not only able to withstand the war with almost all of Europe, led by Hitlerite Germany, but also to win a brilliant victory. The Soviet armed forces became the most powerful force on the planet. And the Soviet Union became a superpower, which in the field of science and advanced technologies, education and culture was the world leader, leading mankind into the future. The Red Empire was then a kind of "beacon" for the entire planet, inspiring hope for humanity for a brighter future.

After Stalin, the title of Generalissimo of the Soviet Union was not awarded, but was listed in the statutes until 1993. In 1993, together with other individual military ranks Armed Forces USSR rank of Generalissimo of the Soviet Union in the list military ranks The Russian Armed Forces did not enter.