February 8 is the day of Russian science holiday history. Day of Russian Science

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Holiday Day Russian science has its own unique history. Traditions and congratulations to scientists will help prepare an original celebration.

People who devoted themselves to science have always strived to fulfill their noble goals. It is thanks to their labors that the world saw many unique developments that made it possible to reach modern heights of development in various fields.

And not in the last place in the world treasury of scientific developments are the works of Russian scientists. And dedicated to them professional holiday, which is usually celebrated in early February - on the Day of Russian Science.

Stages of development of Russian science: who celebrates the holiday?

Russia has always been famous for its inquisitive minds and restless researchers. But scientists were elevated to the rank of scientists only under Peter I. It was by his decision that the Academy of Sciences was opened. The great reformer perfectly understood the importance of education and scientific thought in the development of the country.

Therefore, the first scientific institution was founded on a unique project, different from European schools and universities. The organization united the gymnasium and the university. It was talented Russians who could become employees and students of the Academy. Status in society and the presence of ranks, money did not affect the ability to become a student. Therefore, both the children of nobles and the offspring of commoners could enter the Academy.

For successful studies, students were rewarded with royal favor. Pundits served for the good of Russia and received a good salary for their labors.

Centuries and rulers changed, and the Petrovskaya Academy continued its activity. And even under the Soviets, when many of the achievements of tsarist Russia were destroyed, the Academy continued its activities. And only in 1925 it changed its name to the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. With the collapse of the Union, the institution was given a new name Russian academy sciences. In fact, the modern RAS is the same Petrovskaya Academy, which was revived in 1991 as a higher scientific institution.

Really talented people who have glorified Russian science all over the world have become famous graduates of the Academy. It is impossible not to mention the works of Mikhail Lomonosov, famous multifaceted talents, the work of Ivan Pavlov - a medical scientist who studies reflexes and their cause-and-effect relationships. The whole world knows the table chemical elements Dmitry Mendeleev, and Lev Landau's textbooks still teach the basics of physics. Konstantin Tsiolkovsky amazed the world with his space developments, and Igor Kurchatov went down in history as the "father" of atomic technologies.

Today, Russian scientists continue to work in the scientific field and have proven their worth in practice. After all, the lion's share of the inventions of the last century belongs to them.

Therefore, mathematicians and physicists, chemists and genetics, biotechnologists and astrophysicists, philosophers and literary scholars, historians and folklorists, as well as scientists from other fields raise their glasses in honor of Russian science. Together with the pundits, graduate students and laboratory assistants, gifted students, research trainees and service personnel celebrate.

history of the holiday

For the first time, the successes of scientists began to be celebrated in 1918. The holiday is associated with the publication by the leader of the proletariat V.I. Lenin's famous work, which reflected the essence of planning scientific and technical work. The publication took place from 18 to 25 April. This event formed the basis of the holiday, which was celebrated for a long time by all organizations associated with scientific activities, in April, on the third Sunday.

In the difficult times of the 90s, the holiday was simply forgotten. Science was simply forgotten against the background of the division of power, influence, property. The common people and the scientists themselves simply had nothing to live on, since world-famous establishments were closed, funding was curtailed. Only a few research institutes were able to stay afloat, undergoing reorganization and becoming commercial.

The main symbol of Russian science is scientific academy was revived in the early 90s, but the holiday of science was remembered only by the end of the millennium. By the decree of Yeltsin, the President of Russia, the Day of Russian Science was established. For the first time, the holiday of scientists was celebrated on February 8, 2000.

The date of the holiday coincides with the day of the establishment of the Petrovsk Academy of Sciences.

Is a scientist a profession?

The importance of hard work by scientists is undeniable. But what pushes people to a life dedicated scientific developments and research. After all, the work of these people is not always judged by merit. And sometimes you have to make a lot of effort to get a grant or targeted funding for research.

The world of science is a special community of gifted and extraordinary people. They live by their ideas and for the sake of the moment when the inspiration comes. A person who is far from scientific ideas sometimes does not understand unfamiliar terms and expressions. But behind them are future discoveries and breakthroughs in the economy.

The achievements of scientists affect the quality of life of people, the creation of new jobs, and the maintenance of the country's prestige. Therefore, in modern Russia high school priority is given. Comfortable conditions for the work of young scientists are being created, competitive areas are being promoted.

Since 2013, significant transformations have begun, affecting both infrastructure and working conditions. The long-term reform program is calculated until 2020.

This made it possible to raise the prestige of scientists and attract young people to these areas. Today in some areas more than 50% of specialists are under the age of 39.

V research works today more than 700,000 specialists take part, of which 370,000 are directly involved in research. The total number of organizations involved has reached 3,600.

Congratulations to the scientist

Thousands of people today, on February 8, will celebrate Science Day - an interesting and important holiday. We congratulate everyone involved in this area. Congratulating on your professional holiday, I would like to wish you new unique discoveries. Let your work improve people's lives, and maybe even make them a little happier.

Everything that is useful in life,

Interesting and famous

Everything was invented by people of science

And, believe me, not at all out of boredom.

And today we congratulate the scientists

With an important event in their life.

In our magic words

The notes of your discoveries will sound.

Larisa, January 16, 2017.

And again, the reformer Peter the Great brought into the country a bit of the Western European way of life. According to his decree of February 8, 1724, the Academy of Sciences was approved. Hence and memorable date- Science day. The most interesting thing is that the name of the institution has not changed in any way; abbreviations and names of new old states were added to the Academy of Sciences, depending on historical events. Since 1925, the institution was called the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, and since 1991, the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Official date

The Day of Russian Science began to be celebrated only in 1999. According to the presidential decree, the holiday was officially fixed for February 8, thereby building a historical bridge between our times and Peter's times. And how many wonderful scientists Russia gave to the world in different eras. This is also a simple village boy, who later became one of the most outstanding sons of scientists and founded Moscow University. This is from Mikhail Lomonosov, who, centuries later, marks the Day of Russian Science of the Year. These are outstanding scientists of the 20th century Academician Pavlov, Tsiolkovsky, Kapitsa, Landau, Kurchatov and Korolev. And this is just a small list of our famous scientists compatriots.

Ahead of the whole planet

Our country has become a legislator in a number of scientific spheres... We were the first to fly into space, made important developments in nuclear energy and the biosphere. Our great scientists have received the Nobel Prize in the most different areas... The first of them was famous professor Pavlov for the work in which the foundations of the physiology of digestion were described. On the day of science, it is also worth remembering the outstanding biologist Ilya Mechnikov, who received an award for his work on immunity. In 1978, the Russian physicist Pyotr Kapitsa was awarded Nobel Prize per the most important discovery in physics, proof of superfluidity of helium. Science Day in Russia is not an empty word and not a legacy of Soviet developments. Our most recent scientist was physicist Novoselov, who was recognized by the Swedish Academy of Sciences for his research on graphene. It happened quite recently - in 2010.

Structure

The Russian Academy of Sciences includes 9 directions at once, depending on the field of study, which are located in Moscow. The RAS also has 3 regional branches and 15 large scientific centers. Science Day is celebrated in all departments of a large scientific structure... RAS is a whole city, scattered across the vastness of the country, with a population of 50 thousand people. Among them are honorary "residents", and these are 500 academicians and 800 corresponding members. Despite the fact that the official date, according to the decree of the President of the Russian Federation, is set for February 8, most of the RAS employees of the old school prefer to celebrate Science Day, as before, on the third Sunday in April.

V Soviet Russia there was a tradition to celebrate the country's success in the scientific field. The third Sunday of April was dedicated to the honoring of scientists, since in April 1918, in the interval from 18 to 25, the leader of the revolution V.I. Lenin wrote a work on the planning of scientific and technical work.
Science Day was celebrated in all institutions whose activities were associated with scientific progress.

Changes in the country

In the early 1990s, many traditions were lost and forgotten. The country was going through a difficult time: higher echelons shared power, ordinary people tried to adapt to a kaleidoscopically changing reality. Financing scientific research There was no one to study, and even more so to remember the Day of Science. Some research institutes were closed, others were reorganized. It took more than one year for life to get into a more or less direct channel.
Only June 7, 1999 Chapter Of the Russian state signed a decree establishing a day dedicated to the achievements of scientists of the Fatherland. According to the Decree issued in 2000, the Day of Russian Science is February 8th. Why exactly this number?

History of Russian science

In 1724, on January 24, Peter I established the Academy of Sciences and Arts. The new style, introduced in Russia in 1918 by the Decree on Time, moved this date to 8 February. Thus, the Decree of June 7, 1999 perpetuated the anniversary of the establishment of the country's main scientific institution.
Peter I, loving his homeland and applying all his strength to its development and prosperity, allowed the offspring of not only noble families, but also commoners to enter the Academy. Moreover, for successful activities in mastering knowledge and arts, the king honored with his mercy.

The Academy of Sciences and Arts studied the laws of the surrounding world and society, the essence of man and public consciousness, and also conducted publishing activities. All this had a beneficial effect and is still affecting social development countries and economic growth, progress in technology, international relations.

In 1925, the institution of Peter I changed its name to the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, and since 1991 it has been called the Russian Academy of Sciences, RAS.
The names of scientists from the Academy are world famous: Mikhail Lomonosov, known for many talents, Ivan Pavlov, who studied reflexes, Dmitry Mendeleev, creator of the periodic table of chemical elements, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, keen on development spaceship, Lev Landau, according to whose textbook physicists from all over the world study, Igor Kurchatov, the "father" of the Soviet atomic bomb, you can go on and on. Truly gifted people, who have the freedom to conduct the necessary research and the support of the government, have been leading Russian science at the forefront of world science for nearly three centuries.
Russian scientists were the first on the planet to produce:
- development of the theory of the biosphere,
- launching an artificial space satellite into orbit,
- construction and commissioning of a power plant with a nuclear reactor.

Academy of Sciences today

At the beginning of the XXI century, the composition of the RAS includes big number research institutes, laboratories and museums. The activities of the Academy extend to almost all areas of science, these are: mathematics, astrophysics, physics of quantum liquids and crystals, physics elementary particles, mechanics, chemistry, biochemistry, biotechnology, history, philosophy, literary criticism, folklorism, the list is far from complete.
Per last years Russian academics:
- ultra-strong steel and ductile iron were created,
- injection lasers and transistors have been developed, which will become the basis of new generation electronic devices,
- connection found chemical reaction with magnetic radiation,
- development of production technologies that do not harm the environment,
- created a deep-sea neutrino telescope, which exists in the world in a single copy,
- the human genome is comprehensively studied,
- identified and studied the tasks of human psychodiagnostics in rapidly changing conditions,
- diamonds with specified characteristics and weight up to 6 carats were grown,
- the basis for more than 2000 monographs and textbooks has been created.
This is just a small part of the results of the work of more than 100,000 people.
Scientists are trained at the institute of research trainees, postgraduate studies, doctoral studies. Among the full members of the Academy there are 40 laureates of the prestigious Nobel Prize.

Events on the Day of Russian Science

On the eve of the significant date, research institutes spend days open doors, organize lectures, talks with scientists. Employees of institutes and museums conduct excursions, during which they provide a unique opportunity to see with their own eyes supercomputers that simulate and calculate economic processes... In the laboratories of physicists, you can witness interesting experience and learn about the technology for the production of modern ultra-strong and high-quality materials. In addition, exhibitions and screenings of scientific films are organized.
Also, scientists do not forget about schoolchildren. Special events are held for them, at which representatives of various scientific branches talk about their work in a simple and accessible form. This gives the children the opportunity to better understand the changes taking place around them and think about choosing a profession as a scientist.

Of course, all the events dedicated to the Day of Russian Science will simply not fit in one day. Therefore, every year a whole week is devoted to the celebration in the first half of February.

Day of Russian Science among scientists

Government Russian Federation February 8, congratulates the entire scientific community on significant date, celebrates successes for last year, awards the most distinguished scientists in a particular field, confers honorary titles and presents diplomas.
Financial support and research grants are also timed to coincide with this date.
Colleagues-scientists congratulate each other, wish fruitful work and new achievements.

Science and man

All the familiar things that we see around us every day were born thanks to the hard work of scientists. Now, it is even difficult to imagine how one could live without paper, a telephone, an electric kettle, motor transport, and the Internet. But any thing owes its birth to a person who at one fine moment was illuminated by an idea, who believed in it and achieved its realization.
Of course, studies of genes encoding proteins are incomprehensible to a person who is far from gene biology. But this is a possible future breakthrough in the search for a cure for cancer. As well as the phrase "geochemical activity of microorganisms" few people can repeat without hesitation. But successful research in this area will significantly increase oil production.
Many years of human activity for their own benefit have not been without sacrifices, and they are calculated by environmental scientists every year. Currently, 414 species of endangered animals are listed in the "Red Book" and measures are being developed to preserve their numbers.

Thus, science covers all spheres of life on Earth, and the significance of its development is invaluable. Day of Russian Science, February 8, allows you to draw the attention of a wide range of public to the scientific progress that invisibly accompanies a person throughout his entire existence.

On June 7, 1999, by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, in commemoration of the 275th anniversary of the founding of the Academy of Sciences in Russia, the Day of Russian Science was established, which is annually celebrated on February 8. The decree says that the holiday was established: "taking into account the outstanding role of national science in the development of the state and society, following historical traditions and in commemoration of the 275th anniversary of the founding of the Academy of Sciences in Russia."

On February 8 (January 28, O.S.), 1724, Peter I signed a decree on the formation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which was originally called the Academy of Sciences and Arts. The Academy of Sciences and Arts studied the laws of the surrounding world and society, the essence of man and public consciousness, and also conducted publishing activities. All this has had a beneficial effect and is still affecting the social development of the country and economic growth, progress in the field of technology, and international relations.

In 1925, the institution of Peter I changed its name to the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, and since 1991 it has been called the Russian Academy of Sciences - RAS.

This holiday has a special meaning for Russia. Over the years of its existence, our country has presented the world with many famous names who have made an incomparable contribution to world science.
The names of scientists from the Academy are world famous: Mikhail Lomonosov, known for many talents, Ivan Pavlov, who studied reflexes, Dmitry Mendeleev, the creator of the periodic table of chemical elements, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, fascinated by the development of the spacecraft, Lev Landau, according to whose textbook physics of everything is taught peace, Igor Kurchatov, the "father" of the Soviet atomic bomb, you can go on and on.

At the beginning of the 21st century, the Russian Academy of Sciences includes a large number of research institutes, laboratories and museums. The activities of the Academy extend to almost all areas of science, these are: mathematics, astrophysics, physics of quantum liquids and crystals, physics of elementary particles, mechanics, chemistry, biochemistry, biotechnology, history, philosophy, literary criticism, folklorism, the list is far from complete.

Holidays in the Russian Federation, as a rule, are not chosen by chance, usually they are timed to some historical event... In this regard, the Day of Russian Science, which is celebrated annually on February 8, is also not an accidental day. It was on February 8, though as early as 1724, that the Academy of Sciences was formed by order of the Russian Emperor Peter I by the decree of the Senate. Later, in 1925, it changed its name to the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, and at the end of the 20th century it was renamed into the current Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS).

This holiday is of particular importance for our country. Over the years of its existence, Russia has been able to give the world many famous names who have been able to make a tangible contribution to world science. Thanks to such scientists as M. V. Lomonosov, D. I. Mendeleev, I. P. Pavlov, S. P. Korolev, science for our country has become that powerful resource that allows us to implement economic transformations in the state. Continuing the list of scientists, you can endlessly list the names: Tsiolkovsky K.E., Kapitsa P.L., Landau L.D., Kurchatov I.V., Alexandrov P.S. - these are just a few of those Russian scientists who made a tangible contribution to the development of world science and all mankind. The work of Russian scientists has become an important component of the wealth of the Russian nation and the force that ensures progress in development. It is for this reason that the Day of Russian Science is so important for all residents of our country. The work of genius Russian scientists can rightfully be compared with a feat, because many of them carried out experiments and achieved positive results at the cost of their own lives and health. The result of their work was the formation of the country's potential, which ensures the prosperity of the nation.

The Russian scientific community began to celebrate its professional holiday on February 8 relatively recently. The Day of Russian Science was established by the decree of the President of the Russian Federation in 1999. During Soviet power this holiday was celebrated on the third Sunday in April. Even now, for some Russian research teams, it is associated with the first warm spring days, and some teams continue to celebrate it "the old way", that is, on the third Sunday of April.

The 1999 presidential decree states that the holiday was established: "taking into account the outstanding role of Russian science in the development of society and the state, following historical traditions and in commemoration of the 275th anniversary of the founding of the Academy of Sciences in Russia." The first time a professional holiday was celebrated on February 8, 1999, on the day of the 275th anniversary of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

At one time, Russia became the first country in the world where the doctrine of the biosphere was developed, for the first time in the world it was our country that launched into space artificial satellite Earth, for the first time in the world we have commissioned a nuclear power plant (NPP). Many Soviet and Russian scientists were awarded at the highest international level - they received the prestigious Nobel Prize. Academician Ivan Pavlov was the first of our compatriots to receive it; he received it in 1904 for his work on the physiology of digestion. He was followed by Ilya Mechnikov, who received an award in 1908 for his work on the study of immunity. The famous Soviet physicist Pyotr Kapitsa won the Nobel Prize in 1978 for the discovery of the phenomenon of superfluidity of liquid helium. The most recent Russian laureate of the prize is physicist K. S. Novoselov, who received the prize in 2010 for innovative experiments in the study of two-dimensional material graphene.

The heart of Russian science is the Russian Academy of Sciences. As part of the program for the reorganization of the system of Russian state academies Sciences, which took place in September 2013, two other Russian academies were poured into the Russian Academy of Sciences - the Russian Academy medical sciences and the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences. At the beginning of 2015, RAS had 1184 members, including 463 academicians and 721 corresponding members. In number scientific organizations, which are subordinate to the RAS, also include about 550 scientific institutions including scientific centers, institutes, observatories, scientific stations, libraries, museums, archives, botanical gardens, nature reserves and other organizations, which employ more than 55 thousand researchers.

At the same time, recently the number of Russians who believe that science is useful discoveries has increased 1.5 times over a quarter of a century, up to 62% - these are the results of a poll conducted by the All-Russian Center for Public Opinion (VTsIOM) on the eve of the Day of Russian Science, celebrated February 8. In 1989, according to VTsIOM, 42% of the respondents adhered to this position. The value of science in terms of useful discoveries is noted in to a greater extent people who studied in higher education educational institutions(67%), as well as young people (64% aged 18-24) than respondents with primary education(49%) and the elderly (56% among people over 60). More than a third of respondents (39%) believe that science is necessary condition for the progressive development of society, in 1989 only 26% of the respondents thought so.

Although the Day of Russian Science is not a day off, it is widely celebrated in all scientific teams of our country. It has become a real good tradition on this day, February 8, to organize scientific conferences and conduct seminars. Also, the defense of dissertations is often appointed on this day, because, you see, getting a candidate or doctoral degree on a holiday for all Russian scientists is especially honorable and important. More than 800 thousand people celebrate the Day of Russian Science every year.

Based on materials from open sources