Social Studies OGE

Second part. Tasks with a detailed answer

Each of the six assignments in this unit tests a specific skill against a different content in the social studies course. There are some general rules:

2. It is important to pay attention not only to the fact that need to name(indicate, formulate, etc.): sign, (features, arguments, examples, etc.) but also define how many of these items it is necessary to bring (one, two, three, etc.).

3. There is a clear dependence of the scores on the completeness of the answer. The answer may be correct, but not complete. In this case, get maximum score it will be impossible.

The first task to the text (# 26 in progress) requires to draw up a plan of the text, highlight its main semantic fragments and heading each of them. To complete this task, you must carefully read the text, understand its content, and identify the main ideas. It is very important to understand that the title of the points of the plan should not completely reproduce individual phrases of the text - you must yourself briefly formulate the main idea of ​​each fragment. In this case, the number of selected fragments can be different - the assessment system does not specify any specific number of points in the plan. But at the same time, it must be understood that in splitting the text into semantic fragments (micro themes) there must be a certain logic - it is on the basis of its understanding that the expert checking the works can conclude that the main semantic fragments are highlighted.

Second task to the text (# 27 in progress) involves extracting explicit information. The required information can be given in the form of a direct quotation from the text, and lengths and details can be omitted and only a recognizable fragment of the phrase can be given. Information can be given in the form of a retelling close to the text. Both of these options for completing the assignment are equal.

Third assignment to the text (No. 28 in work) involves the extraction and some interpretation of the information presented in the text.

The fourth task to the text (# 29 in progress) involves going beyond the content of the text and attracting contextual knowledge of the social science course, facts of social life or personal social experience of the graduate. Requirements for completing the assignment: At first, the accuracy and correctness of the facts (social facts or models of social situations), their compliance with the theoretical provisions given in the assignment; Secondly, the presence of reasoning that concretizes the essence of the theoretical position given in the assignment, the logical and substantive correctness of these reasoning; third, correctness of reflection in reasoning and facts of connections of various types.

Fifth task to the text (No. 30 in progress)- a task, which, as a rule, has an independent detailed condition, tests a whole complex of skills: to correlate individual facts and social processes, apply the knowledge of the social science course, supplement the knowledge of the course with information to solve the problem, etc.

Sixth task to the text (No. 31 in progress) involves the formulation and argumentation by the graduate of his own judgment on a topical problematic issue of public life. This task is directly related to the content of the text, but it requires considering the text from a different perspective.

Read the text and complete assignments 26–31.

We are entering an age in which education, knowledge, professional skills will play a decisive role in the fate of a person. Without knowledge, by the way, becoming more and more complicated, it will simply be impossible to work, be useful ... A person will introduce new ideas, think about what the machine cannot think about. And for this, the general intelligence of a person, his ability to create new things and, of course, moral responsibility, which a machine cannot bear in any way, will be needed more and more ... everything that happens in the age of machines and robots. General education can create a person of the future, a creative person, a creator of everything new and morally responsible for everything that will be created.

Teaching is what a young man needs now from a very young age. You should always learn. Until the end of their lives, not only taught, but all the largest scientists studied. If you stop learning, you won't be able to teach. For knowledge is growing and becoming more complex. At the same time, it must be remembered that the most favorable time for learning is youth. It is in youth, in childhood, in adolescence, in youth that the mind of a person is most receptive.

Know how not to waste time on trifles, on "rest", which sometimes tires more than the hardest work, do not fill your bright mind with muddy streams of stupid and aimless "information". Take care of yourself for learning, for acquiring knowledge and skills that you will learn quickly and easily only in your youth.

And here I hear the heavy sigh of a young man: what a boring life you offer our youth! Just learn. And where is the rest, entertainment? What, then, shouldn't we rejoice?

No. The acquisition of skills and knowledge is the same sport. Teaching is hard when we cannot find joy in it. We must love to study and choose smart forms of recreation and entertainment, capable of also teaching something, developing in us some abilities that will be needed in life ...

Learn to love learning!

(D.S. Likhachev)

№ 26. Make an outline of the text. To do this, select the main semantic fragments of the text and title each of them.

№ 29. What forms of recreation and entertainment does the author recommend to young people? Give two examples of such forms; in each case, indicate what qualities this form develops.

happens in the age of machines and robots. " Using text and social science

knowledge, give two explanations for this thought.

№ 31. The author believes that “you should always learn”. Using the text and social science knowledge, confirm with two arguments (explanations) the need for continuous education throughout a person's life.

Argument = fact + judgment (because or because)

Secondary general education

UMK line G. A. Bordovskiy. Social Studies (10-11)

Social Studies

Unified State Exam in Social Studies: we analyze assignments with a teacher

My students, graduates of 2017, who successfully passed the USE in social studies, claim that the recommendation to read the entire text of the work before starting the assignments gives a good effect when doing the work. When reading the work, emotional stress is removed, brain activity is directed to the analysis of materials and the graduate is involved in productive cognitive activity leading to high scores for completing the work.

As materials for work we use version of the exam Social Science 2017 (early period), published by FIPI in the spring of 2017.

Part 1

Task number 1

Write down the word that is missing in the table.

Factors of production and factor income

When performing task number 1, you must carefully look at the name of the table. In our case, the table is called "Factors of production and factor income". One of the factors of production is indicated: entrepreneurship (entrepreneurial ability) and its factor income is indicated: profit. Knowledge of the main factors of production: land, labor, capital (physical and monetary), entrepreneurial capabilities of information is inextricably linked with the knowledge of factor income as income that the owner receives from the use or application of factors of production. Labor - wages, land - rent, capital - interest, entrepreneurial ability, information - profit. The table shows the factor income - rent, which means that in the first column we can safely enter such a production factor as Earth... The correct answer is earth. When preparing a student, it is important to know the complete characteristics of all factors of production.

Task number 2

In the row below, find a concept that is generalizing to all the other concepts presented. Write it down word (phrase).

State form, form of government, unitary state, federation, republic.

Answer: ___________________________.

In task number 2, it is always necessary to clearly define the generic concept (in the question it sounds like a generalizing concept). Our version presents: the form of the state, as device the political organization of society (it is important to remember that this is a certain set of characteristics by which we determine the method of organization and structure of the state); form of government determined by composition higher bodies state power and the order of their formation, as well as their interaction with the population of the state; a unitary state, which belongs to one of the forms of state-territorial structure, like a federation; the republic is one of the forms of government. To my students, I always strongly recommend, in a draft, as soon as they begin to complete assignments related to the topic "Politics", draw a diagram:

This is important because, typical mistake, which graduates admit when conducting trial exam, is associated with confusion of concepts. And when the scheme is in front of your eyes, it will be more difficult to make a mistake.

Accordingly, proceeding from the scheme, it becomes clear that the generic (generalizing concept for everyone else here will be - the form of the state, i.e. its versatile characteristics presented in the answer options. The rest of the concepts reflect those or other elements. For example, the form of government is given as part of forms of state and republic, as one of the forms of government.

The correct answer is the form of the state.

Task number 3

Below is a list of characteristics. All of them, with the exception of two, belong to the elite culture.

1. the complexity of the forms used;
2. the desire of the authors to embody their own ideas;
3. entertaining character;
4. strong commercial focus;
5. spiritual aristocracy;
6. special training requirement for understanding.

Find two characteristics that "fall out" from the general row, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.

When performing task number 3, we draw attention to the concept in question. In this case, it is "elite culture" and we are asked about the characteristics of this concept... Elite culture is considered in the topic "The spiritual sphere of the life of society." The generic term is "Culture". In our case, the question is in the plane of the varieties of culture (material, spiritual; folk, mass, elite). The task presents the features of elite culture: the complexity of the forms used, the desire of the authors to embody their own ideas, spiritual aristocracy, the requirement for special training for understanding. Well, really, are we all ready for the perception of Schnittke's musical works, the analysis of highly intelligent literary works Kafka? What can you say about Rodin's sculptures? It is clear that this culture is designed for a narrow circle of consumers prepared for the perception of complex works. Elite culture is not looking for commercial benefits; it is important for authors to express themselves and search for new forms in art.

The two characteristics that have remained outside our attention: the entertainment character and the pronounced commercial orientation are the most important characteristics of mass culture. Therefore, in this case, we will mark them as correct. Because in the task we are asked to remove unnecessary characteristics.

Task number 4

Choose the correct judgments about society and social institutions and write down numbers under which they are indicated.

1. Society is a constantly evolving dynamic system.
2. Social progress is characterized by degradation, a return to already obsolete structures and relations.
3. In a broad sense, society is understood as a part of the world that is isolated from nature, but connected with it, which includes methods of interaction and forms of uniting people.
4. Social institutions perform the function of human socialization.
5. Society is a closed system that does not interact with the external environment.

Answer: ___________________________.

In task number 4, we must find judgments about society and social institutions. Here one cannot do without knowledge of the concepts: "society" in the broad and narrow senses; society as a system; "Social institution", as a historically established stable form of organizing joint activities of people, and knowledge of the types of social institutions in the main spheres of society.

The first judgment characterizes society as a dynamic developing system - this judgment is correct, since it is an axiom in the course of social studies.

The second judgment is incorrect, since progress, which is one of the directions of social development, is characterized by the development of society from the lowest to the highest. And the judgment indicates: degradation, a return to already obsolete structures and relations, which are qualitative characteristics of another direction of social development - regression.

The third judgment almost completely reproduces the concept of "society" in a broad sense, and therefore is correct. There is not enough "consisting of individuals with consciousness and will."

The fourth proposition is correct. In the course of socialization, a person assimilates the experience of previous generations. We know that social institutions establish certain patterns of behavior for people. This is best confirmed by such a social institution as the family, which belongs to the social subsystem of society.

The fifth judgment is not true. Society is a dynamic, open, self-developing system. It is practically impossible to apply the concept of a “closed system” to society, which does not interact with the external environment. No special proof is needed here. Suffice it to recall the concept of society in the broad sense of "a part of the material world isolated from nature, but closely connected with it."

Thus, the judgments will be correct: 1, 3, 4.

Social Science Thematic Planning

Task number 5

Establish a correspondence between the characteristics and types (forms) of activity: for each element given in the first column, select the corresponding element from the second column.

Task number 5 relates to the topic "Activity". The types (forms of activity) are considered: play, study, work, communication. To complete this task, it is enough to know the characteristics of each type (form of activity). Imaginary setting is a characteristic of the game (A 4), focus on achieving a practically useful result - towards work (a person creates certain objects that satisfy needs) (B 2). Aiming at acquiring new knowledge and skills - towards learning (AT 3)... And none of the types (forms) of activity is complete without communication. Therefore, the remaining two characteristics: the process of establishing and developing contacts between people and the focus on the exchange of information reflect the essence of communication. (D 1, D 1). Just remember that in the process of communication, people exchange not only information, but also emotions, influencing each other.

With the seeming ease of tasks, it is important not to rush, to conduct an internal dialogue with yourself. Answer the question: why the chosen answer is correct, based on knowledge of the concepts.

Task number 6

Students conducted a study of motives learning activities schoolchildren of elementary grades. Find in the list below the methods they applied that correspond to the level of empirical knowledge. Write down numbers under which they are indicated.

1. description of observed phenomena
2. putting forward and substantiating hypotheses
3. explanation of existing relationships
4. direct observation of individual facts and phenomena
5. fixation of generalizations in the form of laws
6. obtaining quantitative data about the object under study

Answer: ___________________________.

In task number 6, they ask about the empirical level of scientific knowledge and its methods. Immediately, mentally, we turn to the generic concept - "science", recall the structure of scientific knowledge, which includes levels: empirical and theoretical, and distribute the methods related to each level. Remember that empirical methods include: observation, description, measurement, classification, systematization, i.e. with their help, it is possible to identify specific properties of the objects under study, in contrast to the theoretical level aimed at identifying general trends, laws, etc.

This is how we found the correct answers: 1, 4, 6

Task number 7

Choose the correct judgments about economies and write down numbers under which they are indicated.

1. Private property is the basis of the command (planned) economy.
2. In a traditional economy, the main issues of the economy are resolved by central government bodies.
3. The main subjects of market relations are economically independent participants in economic life.
4. The incentive for the activities of enterprises in a market system is profit.
5. The hallmarks of a market economy include free pricing.

Answer: ___________________________.

Task number 7 aims us at knowing the characteristics of economic systems as a way of organizing the economic life of society. Knowledge of the distinctive features of traditional, command (planned) or command-administrative, market and mixed economies is the basic knowledge of a graduate seeking to obtain a high score on the exam.

So let's try. Private property is a prerequisite for the existence of a market model of an economic system. We are also told in the judgment that the command economy. This is not true, also because the state property dominates in the command economy, and also the main issues of the economy are decided by the central authorities. This means that the second judgment is also not true. The third judgment is correct, since in a market economy, each owner has the right to freely and independently dispose of his factors of production.

The fourth and fifth judgments are also true, since in a market economy, freedom economic activity individual entities are aimed at making a profit in a competitive environment and market mechanisms determine the price.

Right answers: 3, 4, 5.

Task number 8

Establish a correspondence between examples and types of taxes and fees in the Russian Federation (in accordance with the Tax Code of the Russian Federation): for each item given in the first column, select the corresponding item from the second column.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Task number 8 is associated with the financial literacy of the graduate, namely the knowledge of the types of taxes and fees in the Russian Federation. The assignment defines the levels of taxes collected: federal, regional and local. When performing this assignment, it is important to clearly distinguish between the types of taxes by level:

Thus, in our assignment, we again apply empirical method ranking: A 3, B 3, B 1, G 3, D 2.

Authors: Vorontsov A.V., Koroleva G.E., Naumov S.A. The textbook covers the most important topics of social science course: economics, politics and law. In accordance with modern scientific concepts, the authors reveal the features of the operation of the market mechanism and the role of the state in the economy, the foundations of political science, the functioning of the state and the development of democracy, the principles of law, the foundations of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation, the rights and freedoms of man and citizen.

Task number 9

Firm Y is a tailor shop for wedding dresses. Find examples of short-run variable costs to firm Y in the list and write down numbers under which they are indicated.

1. costs of repayment of interest on a previously taken loan
2. the cost of purchasing fabrics, threads, accessories
3. cost of payment of piecework wages to employees
4. rent for atelier premises
5. payment for consumed electricity
6. insurance premiums

Answer: ___________________________.

Completion of task number 9 requires knowledge of the topic "Firm" and its key concepts: revenue, costs and profits. The assignment should clearly indicate the variable costs of the firm in the short run, as opposed to fixed costs.

To complete the task without error, it is also necessary to remember that variable costs change when the volume of production changes.

A firm's credit history will always be a fixed cost, so the first option is not correct. But the acquisition of fabrics, threads, accessories refers to consumables, which means to variable costs, as well as the payment of piecework wages to workers, in contrast to salaries, which are fixed costs of the company. Rent, insurance premiums are fixed costs of any company. And here is the payment consumed electricity (depends on the volume of work of the company) - will be a variable cost.

Right answers: 2, 3, 5 .

Social Studies. Grade 11. A basic level of. Textbook. Authors: Nikitin A.F., Gribanova G.I., Martyanov D.S. The tutorial is included in educational and methodical complex in social studies for grade 11 ( a basic level of). Complies with the Federal State Educational Standard of the average (complete) general education, included in the Federal List. The textbook examines the most important issues of economics and law. The methodological apparatus of the textbook includes the headings "Thinking, comparing, drawing conclusions", "Testing our knowledge", "Exploring, designing, discussing, arguing".

The figure shows the change in the supply of chairs in the respective market: supply line S moved to a new position - S 1 . (P - price; Q - number.)

Which of the following factors can cause such a change? Write down numbers under which they are indicated.

1. increase in the cost of materials for upholstery chairs
2. increase in wages of workers in factories that produce chairs
3. reducing the cost of materials for the chair frame
4. reduction of taxes levied on furniture manufacturers
5. increase in electricity tariffs for furniture manufacturers

Answer: ___________________________.

Task number 10 requires a very careful reading of the question. It is necessary to figure out what they ask: about a change in the amount of demand or the amount of supply? In this case, the offer of chairs in the respective market has changed. By observing the change in the supply curve, we can say that the supply has decreased. When completing the task, one must remember that the change in supply is influenced by the cost of factors of production, technology, state tax policy, government support, price expectations, competition, etc.

Therefore, the first variant of the answer is that an increase in the cost of materials for upholstery of chairs will just contribute to a decrease in the supply of this product on the market. The answer is correct. An increase in the wages of workers increases the value of such a factor of production as labor, but also reduce the supply of this product on the market at the same time. The answer is correct. The third option should lead to an increase in supply, since a decrease in the cost of raw materials leads to an increase in the supply of goods on the market (in our case, a decrease in the cost of material for the frame). The answer is not correct. Tax cuts will also boost supply. The answer is not correct. Rising electricity tariffs for furniture manufacturers, on the other hand, will raise variable costs and lower supply. So, the rise in the cost of consumables, electricity tariffs, wages of workers will force the company to either reduce production or increase the cost of goods, which will lead to a decrease in supply on the market.

Right answers: 1, 2, 5 .

Task number 11

Choose the correct judgments about social stratification and social mobility and write down numbers under which they are indicated.

1. Horizontal mobility presupposes a transition to a social group located at another level of the social hierarchy.
2. One of the criteria for differentiating social groups is income.
3. Personal qualities of a person are the criterion of social stratification of modern society.
4. Sociologists distinguish between individual and collective mobility.
5. One of the criteria for the social stratification of society is the amount of power.

Answer: ___________________________.

Performing task number 11, we proceed from the knowledge of the concepts of "social stratification" and "social mobility", the criteria of social stratification, types of social mobility.

Horizontal mobility presupposes a transition from one social group to another at the same level of the social ladder. Therefore, the first judgment is not true. Differentiation (separation) of social groups in society occurs according to many criteria, one of which is income. And also the amount of power, education, prestige of the profession. The second and fifth judgments are correct, in contrast to the third. A person's personal qualities are not a criterion for social stratification. The fourth proposition is correct because sociologists do distinguish between individual and collective mobility. For example, under the influence of the events of the 1917 revolution, the position of social groups shifted.

Right answers: 2, 4, 5.

In the course of sociological surveys of adult residents of countries Z and Y, they were asked the question: "Which of the directions of the state's youth policy do you consider the most important?"

The results of the polls (in% of the number of respondents) are shown in the diagram.

In the list below, find the conclusions that can be drawn from the diagram and write down numbers under which they are indicated.

1. The share of those who note the importance of ensuring access to decision-making in the economy, public life, and politics in country Z is less than in country Y.
2. Equal shares of respondents in each country consider it necessary to conduct educational work.
3. In country Z, the opinion about the importance of ensuring access to decision-making in the economy, public life, and politics is less popular than the opinion about the importance of educational work.
4. In country Y, equal shares of the respondents noted as the most important areas the creation of conditions for self-expression, self-realization of young people and carrying out educational work with them.
5. The share of those who consider the provision of social support to be the most important is higher in country Z than in country Y.

Answer: ___________________________.

Performing task number 12, you need to carefully read the conditions of the sociological survey. In this case, the most important directions were found out. youth policy two countries. The chart shows the data for these countries. Before reading the presented judgments, you should carefully study the diagram yourself. In each of the countries, the leading position was taken by the answer “provision of social support”. Further, in country Z, the second place was taken by the position “conducting educational work”, and the minimum position was taken by the judgment “providing access to decision-making ...”. In country Y, equally minimal positions were taken by the judgments “providing access to decision-making ...” and “creating conditions for self-expression”. After we have independently tried to analyze statistical materials, we try to analyze judgments.

The first judgment is correct, since these diagrams demonstrate this position. The second judgment is not true, since there are more people in country Z who consider "educational work" important than in country Y.

The third proposition is correct, and we saw it during our own analysis of the diagram.

The fourth judgment is also true, we also determined this during the analysis of the diagram and marked these positions as minimally identical.

The fifth judgment is not true, it can be clearly seen in the diagram. The indicators indicate the opposite result.

Right answers: 1, 3, 4.

Task number 13

Choose the correct judgments about the state and its functions and write down numbers under which they are indicated.

1. Environmental requirements established by the state form the basis of the country's environmental safety.
2. The fundamental feature of a state of any type is the implementation of the principle of separation of powers in it.
3. The state has a monopoly on the lawful use of coercion by the forces of law enforcement and security agencies.
4. The external functions of the state include the determination of the general direction of the economic policy of the state in accordance with the achieved level economic development.
5. The state creates a regulatory and organizational basis for effective and high-quality activities government agencies.

Answer: ___________________________.

Performing task number 13, it is important to remember the concept of "state", its main features, external and internal functions. The first judgment directs us to such a feature of the state as the exclusive right on lawmaking... Therefore, the judgment “environmental requirements established by the state ( lawmaking), constitute the basis of the environmental safety of countries ”is correct. The second judgment is not true, because the principle of separation of powers is implemented in a democratic state, and, therefore, this feature is not fundamental for any type of state.

The third proposition “the state has a monopoly right to lawfully apply coercion by the forces of law enforcement and security agencies” in fact, sends us to the most important feature of the state - the monopoly legal right to coercion. The fourth judgment is erroneous, since it reflects the most important internal function of the state "determining the general direction of the state's economic policy." The fifth judgment combines two features of the state: lawmaking and the system of bodies and mechanisms for exercising public power (we are talking about state power bodies). We read: “the state creates normative and organizational basis for efficient and high-quality activities government agencies.

Right answers: 1, 3, 5 .

Task number 14

Establish a correspondence between the questions and the subjects of state power of the Russian Federation, to whose jurisdiction these questions relate: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

For the correct fulfillment of task number 14, it is necessary to know well the fundamentals of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation and the functionality of all branches of government in the Russian Federation. First, you need to carefully look at which subjects of state power of the Russian Federation are indicated in the assignment. In our case, they are not named directly, but the levels are indicated: only the federal center and jointly the federal center and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Knowledge of the principles of the federal structure of the Russian Federation will come to the rescue. Remember that in a federation the principle of the integrity of the state, the unity of state power, and the delineation of powers, which we are asked about, are implemented. Earlier, we saw the delineation of powers when completing a tax assignment. It is necessary to remember what is in the exclusive competence of federal bodies: all issues of international relations, defense and security, judicial system, federal property, etc.

The first competence - issues of ownership, use and disposal of land, subsoil, water resources and others natural resources jointly administered A 2... Those. it is a question on which the center and the subjects share the responsibility for solving problems. So, it would be correct to attribute to the same position "the implementation of measures to combat disasters" IN 2... Federal funds for regional development implement the foundations of federal policy and federal programs, therefore B 1... Positions D and E belong to the exclusive competence of the federal authorities, therefore D 1, D 1.

Task number 15

In Democratic State Z, during the reform of the electoral system for parliamentary elections, a transition was made from a proportional electoral system to a majoritarian one.

Which of the following remained unchanged in the course of this electoral reform? Write down the relevant numbers.

1. free and voluntary participation of citizens in elections
2. granting the right to vote to citizens from the age of 18, regardless of nationality, gender, professional affiliation, education level, income
3. secret ballot procedure
4. single-member constituency voting
5. dependence of the number of deputy mandates received by the party on the number of votes
6. possibility of nominating independent non-partisan candidates

Answer: ___________________________.

Question 15 is related to the electoral process. Despite the fact that at the beginning of the question they explain to us the reform, during which there was a transition from a proportional electoral system to a majoritarian one. The essence of the issue is not so much about the types of electoral systems, their reform, but about elections in general(topic "Political participation"). We need to recall the basic principles of elections in a democratic state: direct participation of citizens, universal, equal, direct suffrage, secret ballot, voluntary participation.

Accordingly, the first judgment is correct. The second proposition refers us to the principle of equality in electoral law, therefore it is also true. The third judgment is correct, one of the principles is also presented - secret ballot.

The fourth judgment goes beyond the question: which of the following remained unchanged during this electoral reform? Voting in single-mandate constituencies sends us to the organization of the electoral process under the majoritarian system, as opposed to the proportional system, where the state acts as a single constituency. This means that this judgment reflects a change in the electoral process. The answer is not correct in our case. The dependence of the number of deputy mandates received by a party on the number of votes cast also applies to the proportional electoral system, which is not true for our question. The sixth option also reflects the majority electoral model.

Correct answer: 1, 2, 3 .

Task number 16

Which of the following applies to the political rights (freedoms) of a citizen of the Russian Federation? Write down numbers under which they are indicated.

1. holding meetings and rallies
2. appeal to state bodies
3. payment of legally established taxes and fees
4. defense of the Fatherland
5. participation in the management of state affairs through their representatives

Answer: ___________________________.

Question No. 16 again brings us back to the foundations of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation. Human and civil rights and freedoms. It is important to know four groups of rights and freedoms: personal (civil), political, socio-economic, cultural. Our assignment asks about political rights that ensure citizen participation in the exercise of political power. Therefore, the holding of meetings and rallies is true, appeal to state bodies is true, participation in the management of state affairs through their representatives is true. Paying taxes and fees, protecting the Fatherland are the constitutional obligations of a citizen, as well as observance of the Constitution and laws of the Russian Federation, concern for the preservation of the historical and cultural heritage, taking care of children and disabled parents.

Right answers: 1, 2, 5 .

Task number 17

Choose the correct judgments about family law in the Russian Federation and write down numbers under which they are indicated.

1. Family law regulates property and personal non-property relations between family members.
2. The marriage is suspended due to the announcement by the registry office of one of the spouses as deceased.
3. The marriage is concluded in the civil registry office (Civil Registry Office).
4. The legal regime of the spouses' property is established only by the marriage contract.
5. Parents are obliged to provide maintenance to their minor children.

Answer: ___________________________.

Analyzing the materials of assignment number 17, we highlight the basic concepts and norms related to family law. The first judgment will be correct, as it refers us to article 2 Family Code... A key institution family law is a marriage entered into in the registry office (judgment 3), giving rise to the mutual rights and obligations of spouses. The second judgment confuses us a little, it is known that in connection with the death of one of the spouses, the second spouse must come to the registry office to obtain a certificate about his death, and as a consequence of this, termination of a contracted marriage... Our task is formulated: the marriage is suspended due to the announcement by the registry office of one of the spouses as deceased. The answer is not correct. The fourth and fifth options take us to property rights and responsibilities of spouses. The fifth option is correct, since the wording is at the junction of constitutional obligations and the norms of family law: parents are obliged to provide maintenance to their minor children. But the fourth option is erroneous because of its wording: the legal regime of the spouses' property is established only prenuptial agreement. This is not true since Not only a marriage contract, but also the norms of family law, i.e. the legal regime of the spouses' property is regulated by family law and is established by the marriage contract.

Right answers: 1, 3, 5 .

Task number 18

Establish a correspondence between examples and measures of legal responsibility in the Russian Federation: for each item given in the first column, select the corresponding item from the second column.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Assignment # 18 deals with legal liability. When completing the assignment, it is important to remember the types of legal liability: criminal, administrative, civil and disciplinary. A reprimand is a disciplinary action - A 2... The warning refers to the type of administrative punishment - B 3... Dismissal on appropriate grounds (for example, absenteeism, one-time gross violation of labor duties, repeated failure of the employee to perform labor duties, etc.) - IN 2... Notice - disciplinary action, G 2... Deprivation of liberty - criminal liability for committing a crime - D 1.

Task number 19

Joint Stock Company "Sweet Charm" produces confectionery. Find in the above list the features of the difference between a joint-stock company and other organizational and legal forms of enterprises. Write down numbers under which they are indicated.

• division of the authorized capital of the company into equal parts, each of which is framed with a security
• obligatory conclusion of an employment contract with employees
• the duty of employees to comply with labor discipline
• distribution of profits among employees in accordance with their labor participation
• bearing the risk of losses within the value of the participant's securities
• payment of dividends to owners for the year

Answer: ___________________________.

To complete the task number 19, it is necessary to distinguish between the organizational and legal forms of enterprises. In our case, highlight distinctive features joint stock company. We recall that joint stock companies, like limited liability companies, belong to economic companies. These are commercial organizations, i.e. the purpose of their activities is to make a profit. The authorized capital is divided into a certain number of shares. Participants can be citizens legal entities and public law formations. Therefore, answer option 1 - "dividing the authorized capital of the company into equal parts, each of which is framed by a security" will be correct. It is known that shareholders are not liable for the obligations of a joint-stock company, but they bear the risk of losses on the company's activities within the limits of the value of their shares. Therefore, option 5 - “bearing the risk of losses within the value of the securities owned by the participant” (share - security) will be correct, as well as answer 6 - “payment of dividends to the owners at the end of the year”. 2 and 3 judgments - "the obligatory conclusion of an employment contract with employees", "the obligation of employees to observe labor discipline" refer to the general provisions of Labor Law. But "the distribution of profits among employees in accordance with their labor participation" is a characteristic of such an organizational and legal form of an enterprise as a "production cooperative" (artel).

Right answers: 1, 5, 6 .

Task number 20

Read the text below where a number of words are missing. Select from the provided list the words to be inserted in place of the blanks.

“A person who actively assimilates and purposefully transforms nature, society and himself is _________ (A). This is a person with his own socially formed and individually expressed qualities: _________ (B), emotional-volitional, moral, etc. Their formation is due to the fact that the individual, together with other people _________ (C), cognizes and changes the world and himself. The process of this cognition in the course of assimilation and reproduction social experience at the same time is the process _________ (D).

Personality is defined as special form the existence and development of social ties, the relationship of a person to the world and with the world, to himself and to himself. It is characterized by _________ (D) to develop, expand the scope of its activities and is open to all influences of social life, to all experience. This is a person who has his own position in life, who shows independence of thought, carries _________ (E) for his choice. "

The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word can only be used one once.

Choose one word after another in sequence, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words in the list than you need to fill in the blanks.

List of terms:

1. activity
2. intellectual
3. duty
4. everyday
5. a responsibility
6. socialization
7. personality
8. pursuit
9. communication

The following table lists the letters that represent the missing words. Write down in the table under each letter the number of the word you have chosen.

In completing task number 20, I recommend that you first try to read the text and substitute words yourself that, in your opinion, are appropriate in meaning. This is how a semantic understanding of the content of the text is achieved. And when you read it again, you have to pick up words from those in the list. You will have a success situation when your chosen words coincide with the suggested ones from the list. So, we try to read by inserting words that are close in meaning, then we choose from those available in the task.

“A person who actively assimilates and purposefully transforms nature, society and himself is personality (A)(Personality is a set of socially significant properties and qualities of a person. Where a person is formed - in society. What a person does - transforms the world and himself). This is a person with his socially formed and individually expressed qualities: intellectual (B), emotional-strong-willed, moral, etc. (in this case, there is a listing of socially significant qualities). Their formation is due to the fact that the individual, together with other people activity (B) learns and changes the world and himself (one of the definitions of activity is the conscious activity of a person, the input of which a person changes the world around him and changes himself; the process of human interaction with the world around him). The process of this cognition in the course of assimilation and reproduction of social experience is simultaneously a process socialization (G).

Personality is defined as a special form of existence and development of social ties, a person's relationship to the world and with the world, to himself and to himself. It is characterized by aspiration (D) develop, expand the scope of its activities and is open to all influences of social life, to any experience (again explained through the process of socialization, which lasts throughout a person's life). This is a person who has his own position in life, who shows independence of thought, carries responsibility (E) for your choice (freedom and responsibility in human life) ”.

Part 2

Read the text and complete assignments 21-24.

In a broad sense, underemployment is a situation in which the work performed does not require the full use of the qualifications and professional training of the individual, does not meet his expectations and does not allow him to receive the same salary that he could have by doing that job (and to that extent) that could be claimed by ...

Cyclical unemployment is associated with fluctuations in the demand for labor. A downturn is a cyclical decline in business activity that results in people losing jobs until demand picks up again and business picks up. Seasonal unemployment occurs due to seasonal fluctuations in labor demand. It affects those employed in fishing, construction and agriculture. Those who change jobs and those who are not currently employed due to the transition from one place to another are called functional (frictional) unemployed. Functional (frictional) unemployment is considered, although inevitable, but still an acceptable consequence of a healthy economy. It can be assumed that even with full employment, wage earners will move from place to place.

Structural unemployed people experience difficulties in getting a job due to insufficient or insufficient qualifications, discrimination based on gender, ethnicity, age or disability. Even during periods of high employment, unemployment remains disproportionately high among the structurally unemployed.

Unemployment is not just a lack of work ... Although unemployment can be a creative, will-mobilizing test, most people who have experienced it say they have experienced despair, powerlessness and confusion, especially if they have been out of work for more than a few weeks. For most people, employment is the main, and often the only means of meeting material needs for food, clothing, and a roof over their heads. Studies show that those who do not like their job still prefer to keep it, even when the opportunity to live on other incomes is provided. While working conditions can be detrimental, lack of work leads to just as many problems: increased stress, family conflicts, alcohol and drug addiction.

(K.H.Brier)

When starting to perform tasks on the text 21-24, initially you should read the text very carefully and highlight the main semantic fragments of the text. Work through the text with a pen for maximum assimilation of the content. I do not recommend that my students read the question right away and chaotically, with a cursory reading, look for answers. As a rule, this practice leads to erroneous answers and lower scores on the exam.

Task number 21

How does the text describe the impact of the recession on cyclical unemployment? What sectors of the economy, according to the author, is affected by seasonal unemployment? (List all industries mentioned in the text.) How does the author explain the inevitability of functional (frictional) unemployment?

Answer: "A downturn is a cyclical decline in business activity, as a result of which people lose jobs for a period until demand rises again and there is a recovery in business activity." Those. labor demand fluctuates.

Task number 22

Task number 22 is also best done in parts.

Answer: “underemployment is a situation in which the work performed does not require the full use of the qualifications and professional training of the individual, does not meet his expectations and does not allow him to receive the same salary that he could have by doing that job (and in that volume) , which could apply ... "

Explain why some workers agree to part-time employment (make two assumptions). When completing this task, I recommend that students write down each suggestion on a new line.

In our case, we can simulate the answer using text. We do not provide examples, because this is not indicated in the assignment.

Answer: employees agree to part-time employment, because it is important for a person to feel significant, needed. Even part-time employment gives a person a sense of stability, relieves social tension, and makes it possible to participate in public life.

Workers agree to part-time employment, because in times of crisis, even such work can be the only source of income for their families, protection from social shocks, and allows them to preserve their way of life.

Task number 23

The author notes that "even during periods of high employment rates, disproportionately high unemployment remains among the structurally unemployed." Using social science knowledge, explain the reason for this level of unemployment among these categories of citizens. Name any two measures to prevent discrimination of the categories of citizens indicated by the author, provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The author gives us the reasons for the high unemployment among the structurally unemployed: insufficient or insufficient qualifications, discrimination based on gender, ethnicity, age or disability. But the task requires the use of social science knowledge. We recall that we know from the course of social studies that structural unemployment is associated with the impossibility of finding employment for people of certain professions and the mismatch between supply and demand in the labor market.

Answer: The high level of structural unemployment even during periods of high employment in the country is associated, as a rule, with changes in production technologies, scientific and technological progress. Those. people of certain professions are no longer in demand on the labor market (examples are not required in the assignment, only an explanation of the problem).

Name any two measures to prevent discrimination of the categories of citizens indicated by the author, provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation. In this case, we are asked to refer to the norms of the Labor Law of the Russian Federation, since it regulates relations in the field of hired labor.

Answer: the labor code of the Russian Federation contains prohibitions on discrimination:

1. citizens of the Russian Federation have equal opportunities for workers to advance in work, taking into account labor productivity, qualifications and work experience in their specialty, as well as for training and additional professional education;
2. restrictions on labor rights or obtaining benefits depending on gender, race, skin color, nationality, language, origin, property, family, social and official status, age, place of residence, attitude to religion, beliefs, affiliation or non-affiliation with public associations are prohibited or any social groups, as well as from other circumstances not related to the business qualities of the employee.

The guarantee of non-discrimination of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation provides for the right of a person who considers himself discriminated against in the world of work to apply to the court with an application for the restoration of violated rights, compensation for material damage and compensation for moral damage.

Task number 24

Why, according to the author, does unemployment cause a state of despair and confusion in a person? Using social science knowledge and facts of social life, make two assumptions about what the mobilizing effect of the unemployed state on a person is manifested in.

Using social science knowledge and facts of public life, make two assumptions about what the mobilizing effect of the unemployed state on a person is manifested in (in this case, we must give examples, because the question is “facts of public life”).

1. The unemployed state provides an incentive for retraining if the profession is in little demand on the labor market. A break in employment for retraining and raising the level of education. Citizen N, after being registered with the Employment Center, was sent to vocational training electric and gas welder by profession.
2. The unemployed state provides an opportunity for organizing self-employment. For example, after being fired from his main job at the closure of an enterprise in the city of Moscow, citizen N moved to the Moscow region, submitted documents to the Employment Center of the City of Moscow, where he received advice on starting a farm, assistance in drawing up a business plan and one-time financial assistance.

Task number 25

What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "art"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences: one sentence containing information about the arts, and one sentence that reveals the essence of the educational function of art.

Task number 25 can be successfully completed only with knowledge of the basic concepts of the course. Art is a form of culture that reflects the surrounding reality in artistic images. The artistic image can be expressed in different types arts: music, painting, architecture, sculpture, literature. Works of art have a great influence on the formation of a person's personality.

Task number 26

Name and illustrate with examples any three main responsibilities of an employer, as enshrined in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

Assignment 26 should identify and illustrate examples of any of the three main responsibilities of an employer as set out in the Labor Code:

1. Ensure safety and working conditions in accordance with labor protection standards. At enterprise N, in order to improve the working conditions of workers, training sessions were held on the prevention of injuries,
2. Pay full salary on time. For the delay in the payment of wages, the management of enterprise Y was prosecuted in the form of coercion to pay employees in addition to the wages of interest.
3. Carry out compulsory social insurance of employees. V labor contract, signed by citizen N with the company, a clause on compulsory social insurance of citizen N. was included in the section of employer's duties.

Task number 27

A new political party was registered in State Z. It has central government bodies and regional offices. The party proclaims as its basic principles traditionalism, stability, order, as well as the priority of the interests of the state, nation, society over the interests of the individual. The political party won the required number of votes during the elections and won seats in parliament. Determine the type of political party depending on its ideological affiliation. Give the fact that allowed you to make such a conclusion. Name any two other types of parties distinguished by this criterion, and briefly describe any one of them.

• the party is registered;
• central government bodies and regional offices (sign indicates a mass party);
• basic principles: traditionalism, stability, order, as well as the priority of the interests of the state, nation, society over the interests of the individual (a sign indicating an ideological affiliation is conservative);
• entered parliament after the elections (participates in power - a sign indicating the ruling party);

Now questions: Define the type of political party depending on its ideological affiliation.

Answer: Conservative Party.

Give the fact that allowed you to make such a conclusion.

Answer: Since it defends the principles of tradition and stability of development (traditionalism, stability, order, as well as the priority of the interests of the state, nation, society over the interests of the individual).

Name any two other types of parties distinguished by this criterion, and briefly describe any one of them.

Answer: Liberal and socialist parties can be distinguished according to their ideological orientation. Signs of a liberal party: inalienability of natural human rights, their priority over the interests of society and the state, political pluralism, free market economy.

Task number 28

You have been instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic "Types of families". Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.

To write a plan for any of the social science topics, it is necessary to clearly understand the structure of the study of the topic. Basically, this activity tests students' understanding of the structure of the topic. Therefore, the writing of the plan depends on the quality of assimilation of the material of the topic, understanding of its structure. In this case, the theme of the plan is “Types of families”.

1. The concept of a family as a small group based on marriage or consanguinity.
2. Family functions (in this version of the plan it is possible not to indicate)
3. Types of families by the nature of the relationship between members:
1. Traditional (patriarchal family), its features:
   A) cohabitation of several generations;
   B) the supremacy of a man;
   C) the economic dependence of family members on men;
   D) strict distribution of responsibilities
2. Partner (democratic) family:
   A) nuclearity;
   B) decision-making by all family members;
   C) the economic independence of women;
   D) fair distribution of household responsibilities
4. Types of families in relation to raising children:
1. Authoritarian;
2. Democratic;
3. Liberal (conniving)
4. Modern trends in family development

Task 29

Please select one thing from the statements below, reveal its meaning in the form of a mini-essay, indicating, if necessary, different aspects of the problem posed by the author (the topic raised).

When expressing your thoughts on the problem raised (designated topic), when arguing your point of view, use knowledge obtained in the course of social studies, corresponding concepts, and facts public life and own life an experience.

(Give at least two examples from various sources for factual reasoning.)

29.1. Philosophy. “The privilege of fish, rats and wolves is to live according to the law of supply and demand; the law of human life is justice. " (D. Ruskin)

29.2. Economy. "The types of business are different, but the business as a system remains the same regardless of its scale and structure, products, technologies and markets." (P. Drucker)

29.3. Sociology, social psychology. "We need schools that do not just teach, which is extremely important, this is the most important thing, but also schools that educate a person." (V.V. Putin)

29.4. Political science. "The supreme power is worthy of veneration only insofar as it is a means of ensuring human rights." (A. Kyustin)

29.5. Jurisprudence. “Protection of rights is a duty to society. Whoever defends his right defends the right in general ”. (R. Iering)

Exercise 29. 3. "We need schools that do not just teach, which is extremely important, this is the most important thing, but also schools that educate a person." (V.V. Putin)

When writing an essay, first of all, it is necessary to clearly understand the sphere of society to which the chosen topic belongs. You should carefully read the proposed topics, analyze your “knowledge base”, understand on which of the topics you have clearer theoretical ideas, on which of the topics you can give the most high-quality examples that reveal the content of the topic.

In this case, we have chosen a topic from the section sociology, social psychology. We understand that the problem of the modern school and the education system is immediately raised. Eternal question: educational tasks training and upbringing, which is more important? The issue of socialization is also touched upon - "schools that educate the individual." I will note that we cannot go into the concepts of the topic of the spiritual sphere of society here, because we are writing an essay from another section. So, let's try to write.

What social order should the school fulfill - give students only high level education? Or to carry out an equally important mission - upbringing of the personality?

As you know from the course of social studies, education is a way of becoming a person by acquiring knowledge, acquiring skills and abilities, developing creative abilities through a system of social institutions, the most important of which is the school.

When we talk about a school as an educational institution, we understand that we are talking about social institution, which has a number of elements: these are educational standards and programs, principles of functioning, including a network educational institutions and governing bodies.

To improve the quality of education, the state is taking a number of measures: the duration of training is lengthened, the requirements for the level of qualifications of teachers are increased, variability is used educational programs, individual educational trajectories of students are being built, schools are equipped with modern equipment, new forms of final certification are being introduced.

As a result, we see how school graduates demonstrate high scores on the exam, which make it possible to borrow budget places in the leading universities of the capital. According to the results of international research presented by the HSE, in which 49 countries took part, Russian schoolchildren primary grades hold leading positions in the world in reading, mathematics and science. And also 8 classes in mathematics. According to the researchers, this result was achieved thanks to the introduction of new educational standards, a system of unified state certification.

But just enough educational outcomes for society and individuals? The author of the quote clearly indicates to us the most important component educational process: education of a person's personality.

Based on the functions of education: economic, social and cultural, it becomes clear that it is in the cultural function - the use of previously accumulated culture for the purpose of educating a person, developing his creative abilities - this problem manifests itself.

In addition to lessons, marks, exams, there is also the richest in events school life: cool watch, school festivals, hikes, joint trips with classmates in Russia and other countries.

In all this, the student learns to interact with other people, shows his abilities and talents. It is in this atmosphere that the social function of education is realized. Through the socialization of the individual, the assimilation of social norms, statuses and roles.

As an example, we can cite from childhood the beloved film "Freak from 5 b" vividly demonstrating how the school collective, the class, forms the personality of Boris. How he learns responsibility when he is appointed as a counselor in grade 1.

Thus, V.V. In his remarks, Putin once again stressed the importance of understanding by society and the school of the inseparability of the two most important processes associated with the socialization of the individual - education and upbringing. "

Description of the presentation Algorithm for completing the tasks of part 2 of the OGE in social studies on slides

Task 26 The task requires to draw up a plan of the text, highlighting its main relatively complete semantic fragments and heading each of them. A plan is a clear sequential presentation of parts of the content of a text in short formulations reflecting the theme and / or main idea of ​​the relevant passage. To complete the assignment, you must: - read the text carefully, - understand its content, - understand the topic, - identify the main ideas of the text. The titles of the points of the plan should not completely reproduce individual phrases of the text. The main idea of ​​each fragment should be highlighted and briefly formulated. The number of selected fragments can be different.

Types of plans A plan can be simple or complex. The plan can be drawn up in noun form (no verbs). The plan can be drawn up in a question or thesis form. - The question plan is written in the form of questions to the text; one question corresponds to each paragraph of the text. - The thesis plan consists of theses of the verbal structure. A thesis is a briefly formulated main provision of a paragraph of a text, lecture, report, etc.

Criteria for assessing the assignment 1. The ability to highlight the main semantic fragments of the text, formulate their names (points of the plan) is assessed. 2. The maximum score for completing the task is 2 points. 3. When assessing the performance of this assignment, the expert decides: whether the graduate has correctly defined the structure of the text (whether all the semantic parts of the text are highlighted; are there any “superfluous” semantic parts absent in the text; are the points of the plan related by meaning); how accurately the content of the text is conveyed in the titles of the points of the plan (how accurately the points of the plan reveal the main idea of ​​the corresponding fragment, the author's thought; do they correspond to the general logic of disclosing the content of the text). 4. If all the semantic parts of the text are highlighted, the title reflects the main ideas of the text logically and completely - 2 points are given. 5. If the student correctly identified more than half of the semantic fragments of the text and reflected the main ideas of the corresponding parts of the text in the titles (points of the plan), then 1 point is given. 6. The main fragments of the text are not selected OR the names of the selected fragments (points of the plan) do not correspond to the main idea of ​​the corresponding parts of the text, being quotations from the corresponding fragment, OR the answer is incorrect, 0 points are given

Task 27 The second task involves the extraction of information presented in the text explicitly. Tasks may contain requirements: find any two (three) definitions (explanations, reasons, characteristics, etc.) in the text; find answers to 2-3 questions in the text; find in the text evidence (arguments, etc.) that the author cites in support of some idea; fill in the blanks in the table. The ability to extract information from text is tested and assessed. For example, bringing one position instead of the required three or four indicates an insufficient level of possession of this skill. Please note: The task is directly related to the text, the examiner's reasoning, not related to the content of the text, cannot be considered the correct answer. If the answer comes down to reasoning that does not directly relate to the text, then it is estimated at 0 points. The maximum score for completing the task is 2 points.

Task 28 The task involves transformative reproduction or interpretation of the information contained in the text. This type assignments has several models: determine what is a fact, determine its causes; to establish the consequences of the described social phenomenon; explain the position (opinion, point of view, etc.) of the author and give his arguments (explanations, proofs, examples, etc.); to assess the role of certain factors, etc. In the graduate's answer, the required information can be given in the form of a direct quotation from the text, moreover, details can be omitted and only a fragment of the phrase can be given. Information can also be given in the form of a retelling close to the text. The examiner's reasoning that is not directly related to the content of the text cannot be considered the correct answer. If the answer is reduced only to such reasoning, it is estimated at 0 points. The task, like the previous task 27, also directly relates to the text, but requires its interpretation and involvement of the knowledge of the course. You should carefully read what and in what quantity should be named and what sources of information to attract (only text or knowledge of the course, personal experience, facts of public life).

Task 29 The task involves going beyond the content of the text and attracting knowledge of the social science course, facts of social life or personal social experience of the graduate. An assignment can have two parts (for example, explanation and examples). This type of assignment has several models of conditions and requirements: Using the facts of social life and personal social experience, name three manifestations of a phenomenon ... Using the content of the text, course knowledge and personal social experience, give three proofs ... (give three explanations) ... Using facts social life and personal experience, confirm with three examples ... (give three examples, confirm with three specific examples) ... Relying on social science knowledge and personal social experience, make three assumptions ... Using the content of the text, social science knowledge and facts of public life, give two examples ... and briefly explain each example ... Using the content of the text, social science knowledge and personal social experience, explain three situations ... Illustrate with three examples the idea of ​​the text ... (use specific examples to illustrate any three characteristics given in the text) ... Based on the author's text, formulate three recommendations ...

Criteria for assessing the assignment 29. What are the requirements for completing such assignments? First, the accuracy and correctness of the facts presented, their correspondence to the theoretical provisions given in the assignment; Secondly, the reasoning should concretize the essence of the theoretical position given in the assignment, the logical and substantive correctness of these reasoning is assessed. The provisions or concepts that need to be concretized, as a rule, are of a general, abstract nature (this is the specificity of social science knowledge). Examples can be facts of the past and present, gleaned from their own experience or received public recognition; real events and simulated situations. The maximum score is 3 points.

Task 30 Task - a task that, as a rule, has an independent detailed condition - tests the ability to apply knowledge gleaned from a source of social information to solve a specific problem. The task involves the use of information from the text to comprehend and explain actual facts and processes real life practical life situations... The correct answer must contain the following elements: answer to the question a fragment of text The task is assessed as follows: An explanation is given, a fragment of the text is given. - 2 points. An explanation is given OR a text fragment is given. -1 point The answer is wrong. - 0 points. Problems have two levels of requirements: the first relates directly to the situation formulated in the condition; the second - focuses on the search for information to solve the problem in the proposed source. The variants use different condition models: problem situation, social fact, statistics, problem statement, etc.

Examples of assignments 30 Condition of the assignment - problem situation Citizens submitted an application for marriage registration to the registry office. The bride immediately demanded from the groom to provide her material support. The groom refused, citing the fact that the marriage had not yet been concluded. Is the groom's refusal legal? Explain your answer. What piece of text can help you explain? Condition of the assignment - a social fact In country Z over the past 20 years, the share of rural residents has significantly decreased, which negatively affected the development of the agricultural sector. In this regard, a law was passed prohibiting residents of villages and villages from leaving for the city. Evaluate this law from the standpoint of knowledge of natural human rights. Please provide a piece of text that can support your assessment. The maximum score for completing the task is 2 points.

Task 31 The task involves the formulation and argumentation by the graduate of his own judgment (or the author's position, opinion, etc.) on a topical problematic issue of public life. This building is directly related to the content of the text, but involves the consideration of its individual provisions from a different perspective. The instruction for the text is structured in such a way that in his answer the student can either agree with the given point of view or refute it. The correct answer must contain the following elements: student's opinion: agreement or disagreement with the stated position; arguments (explanations), in case of agreement or disagreement.

Evaluation Criteria for Assignment 31 - The student's opinion is expressed, two arguments are given. - 2 points. - The student's opinion is expressed, one argument is given OR the student's opinion is not expressed, but it is clear from the context, two arguments are given. - 1 point. - The student's opinion is expressed, no arguments are given OR the student's opinion is not expressed, but it is clear from the context, one argument is given OR the answer is incorrect. - 0 points. Evaluated: - substantial completeness, - logical validity of the student's own position, - the variety of arguments given by him. Arguments can be knowledge, facts, examples gleaned from the course, from media reports, from personal social experience. This type of assignment has one more model of the condition and the requirements arising from it: - relying on the text and social science knowledge, give two arguments (explanations) in defense of the position (opinion, point of view, etc.) of the author. Maximum score - 2:

Memo to students Using the texts included in KIMs Unified State Exam in social studies lessons In the learning process, it is necessary to acquaint students with the texts different types, showing their originality and characteristic features. This is not, of course, a serious textual analysis. It is enough to teach students to start working with a text by “recognizing” its species - this will facilitate its interpretation and analysis. “The effect of recognition”, as practice shows, is extremely important for the successful completion of examination tasks in relation to the tasks of Part C. It is appropriate to use the recommendations described in the methodological literature. It should be remembered: if the main thing in the text is an assertion, argumentation of any truth, this is most likely a scientific text; if norms of behavior are stated (prohibitions, prescriptions, opportunities), this is most likely a legal document; if the basis of the text is value judgments, but the attitude towards something is clearly shown, this is a publicistic text; if quantitative indicators reflecting the state or tendency of development of an object are presented, these are static materials; if the text contains assessments of the state of society and forecasts, promises, plans for improvement, this is, most likely, a political document; if only facts are stated (a description is given of something, some actions or someone's judgments), these are information materials ”(LN Bogolyubov, EL Rutkovskaya).

How to work with text in the exam 1. How to start working with text? It is necessary to carefully read both the text and the questions to it. "Continuous" reading is useful in that it makes it possible to orientate in the text, preliminary (not always explicitly, more often in filmed form) determine its structure, mark key provisions, correlate its content with tasks and questions. It is important in the process of preliminary reading to clearly determine to which content line of the course in social studies the proposed text belongs to. Such a correlation is necessary, since, as has been noted more than once, some of the tasks involve the use of contextual knowledge. 2. Is it necessary to determine main idea text? It is not necessary to look for exact formulations (unless, of course, among the tasks there is no one that directly prescribes to determine the main idea of ​​the author); it is enough to answer the question: “What does the text say? ".

How to work with the text on the exam 3. In what order should you answer the questions? The general principle is simple - to answer in the order in which they are presented in the work. It is sometimes impossible to complete the next task if the answer to the previous question is not found. At the same time, if difficulties arise, you should not stop working on the text. Each assignment is assessed, and even a not very convincing answer may contain the right elements that deserve additional point... 4. How to figure out for yourself - whether to look for the answer in the text or do you need to remember what was studied in the lessons? Read the assignment carefully. It provides the appropriate instructions: find in the text; what the author says; what signs are named by the author; based on the knowledge of the course and your own experience, characterize; concretize the author's opinion based on the knowledge of the course. The conclusion is obvious: you need to carefully read the assignment.

How to work with the text on the exam 5. What to look for when completing assignments? Important: read the assignment carefully; understand what exactly is required for a successful response; understand what parts the task is composed of; try to complete the entire task; if you can answer only part of the task, be sure to write down the answer (each element of the answer is evaluated, incomplete, but the correct answer will bring you extra points); do not go beyond the scope of the question, do not try to write everything that you know about the problem, do not evaluate the author's opinion and do not seek to express your point of view, if this is not directly provided for by the assignment.

The written part of the Unified State Exam in Social Studies always causes difficulties for graduates. It requires more than just confident knowledge theoretical material, but also the application of their own knowledge, a broad outlook and understanding of social interactions. I propose to analyze the real tasks of part 2, which we met at the exam in 2016.

Part 2 of the Unified State Exam in Social Studies

Let's immediately highlight several blocks of "difficulties" associated with solving them on the exam:

1. Lack of time (a significant amount of the written part, the need to write it out in a draft, and then carefully transfer the entries to a clean copy - answer forms 2);
2. Insufficient knowledge of the theory of basic social science
3. Inability to apply this knowledge in practice, giving examples from social practice and from one's own life;
4. Insufficient understanding of how to correctly formulate an answer in a “favorable” light for oneself, which will be checked by a subjective person -

We also note that it is these tasks that will bring you about half of all possible points that you can get on the exam on the exam - 27 out of 62, according to the evaluation criteria in

Real tasks and answers of part 2 of the USE in social science 2016

I propose to see how the work of part 2 was done by one of the graduates on the exam in 2016, and then analyze it. First, let's take a look at the completed answer forms 2:

Now let's look at the texts of the assignments and the markup received by the graduate for completing the assignments of part 2:

Text (tasks 21-24)

Guarantees of legality and law and order

In a state governed by the rule of law, there is a whole system of guarantees of law and order. The guarantees of law and order are understood as such conditions of public life and special measures. adopted by the state, which ensure a strong rule of law and the stability of the rule of law in society. There are material, political, legal and moral guarantees of legality and law and order.

Material guarantees include such an economic structure of society, within which an equivalent relationship is established between producers and consumers of material goods. Equivalent market relations create a real material basis for the normal functioning of civil society. In these conditions, any subject of law becomes economically free and independent. Supported and protected by law, it fully realizes its capabilities in the field of material production, which is the most important guarantee of law and order in society. A materially secured and socially protected individual, as a rule, conforms his behavior to the law, since his interests are guaranteed by the rule of law and are objectively embodied in the rule of law.

Political guarantees of legality and law and order are all elements of the political system of society that support and reproduce social life on the basis of legal laws that reflect the objective laws of social development. The state, its bodies, various public associations and private organizations, labor collectives, that is, all links of the modern political system of society, in the interests of their life support, in every way support the necessary regime of legality and the stability of law and order. Those political organizations or individual politicians who oppose themselves to the order established by law are deprived of state protection.

Legal guarantees include the activities of state bodies and institutions, specifically aimed at preventing and suppressing violations of law and order. It is carried out by the legislative, executive and judicial bodies of state power. The main directions of the fight against offenses are formed by the legislative bodies, issuing the corresponding normative legal acts providing for legal responsibility for illegal actions. The direct work on the prevention and suppression of offenses is carried out by state law enforcement agencies. In the presence of sufficiently strong economic and political guarantees, the law enforcement activity of the state effectively ensures the optimal regime of legality and the stability of the rule of law.

The moral guarantees of legality and law and order are a favorable moral and psychological environment in which the legal rights and obligations of participants in legal relations are realized; the level of their spirituality and culture; sensitivity and attention of state bodies and officials to a person, his interests and needs. All links of the political system of society, including charitable organizations, institutions of culture and art, schools, higher educational establishments, church. A morally healthy society is a society that functions on the basis of laws, in conditions of a stable rule of law.

Law and order in society are ensured by the entire system of guarantees that organically interact with each other, mutually condition and complement each other.

1. 2 points out of 2 possible.

1. 2 points out of 2 possible.

What system, according to the author, is the basis for the normal economic development of society? How does the text explain that economic actors are interested in ensuring law and order? Illustrate this interest with an example.

1. 1 point out of 3 possible.

What kind branch examples

1. 1 point out of 3 possible.

1. 2 points out of 3possible.

What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "social group"?
Drawing on knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences:
one sentence containing information about the types of social groups, and one sentence containing information about any of the functions of social groups.

1. 3 points out of 3 possible.

Name and illustrate with (specific) examples three types imperfect competition.

1. 3 points out of 3possible.

A young man at the age of 16 is hired on the following conditions: without a medical examination, a working day from 16 to 23 hours, leave only after 6 months of work, and besides this, the payment is hourly. It is necessary to find the violations committed by the employer and explain them.

1. 3 points out of 3 possible.

Plan by topic "Activity as a form of human interaction with the outside world."

29.3 3 points out of 5: 1(1) 1(2) 1(2)

"True patriotism as a private manifestation of love for humanity does not coexist with hostility towards individual nations" (N.A. Dobrolyubov).

Analysis of the fulfillment of tasks of part 2

We will not comment on and dwell in detail on those tasks where the maximum possible points were given. In the form of a joint analysis of the graduate and exam expert Kotsar Evgeny Sergeevich let us analyze those moments for which the graduate could not get the maximum score:

23. 1 point out of 3

What kind branch Do you know from your social studies course? Name them and bring them examples their activities to ensure law and order.

Graduate Comments:

• the condition did not say that the examples should be specific.
  In addition, the Guidelines for Social Science Experts on page 18 says:

« Examples there may be facts of the past and present, gleaned from the personal social experience of graduates or received public recognition; real events, examples from art and simulated situations... In the answers varying degrees of specification are allowed , and in this regard, some examinees can follow the path of more and more clarification of the very initial position, highlighting its sides, aspects, forms of manifestation, etc.; others may give preference to particular facts that embody traits (characteristics) of the common. "

• I suspect that they gave only one point out of three for the fact that only the 3rd example seemed specific to them, and the first two were considered for the fact that the criteria from the Demo version is called "General reasoning is given."

Let's say the second example really looks like "general reasoning". But why is the 1st example bad? In fact, it says about the development of a bill regulating the sphere of economic relations, and indicates the essence of this bill.

• Perhaps they would like to see in each example a link to some state. organ, i.e. so that in each example the subject of this activity is indicated. For example, in 3rd, I said about the court, but in the first two, there is no such subject. But as far as I remember, the condition did not say anything about the authorities - it was necessary to write about branches authorities. If, after all, it was not about branches, but about something more specific, then, probably, it was rightly removed

Still, I think you can try to appeal 1 point for the first example.

Expert commentary:

The second argument will definitely not be counted, "Implementation of measures ... (? What ???)"

I agree that the third example was most likely counted (more specific), but also that it is possible to fight for the 1st (the wording of the task did not provide for concretization, the functions of the legislative branch were not distorted). You are absolutely correct in citing an excerpt from the Methodological Recommendations.

1. 1 point out of 3

Using social science knowledge, give three explanations that the rule of law and stable rule of law helps to ensure the normal functioning of society.

Graduate comment:

In this case, I don’t understand at all why there is only one point out of three. If you look at the answer to task 24 from then, it seems that some specifics are not required there. Unless, perhaps, my writing is more detailed and more difficult to understand from the first reading. In addition, various terms from the course are quite actively used.

A point of 1 implies that the experts accepted only one explanation out of three. But in my opinion, here all three explanations are actually the same in nature. That is, if we assume that there is some flaw in one of the explanations, then the same flaw should be in the others. In this case, it was necessary to put either 0 or all 3 points here. But I do not see any problems in the explanation here, so I tend more towards 3 points.