The main directions of work for the year of the children's library. Goals, objectives and main directions of development of the children's library in modern society
Children's libraries B. modern society - These are peculiar centers for self-development, self-education, uniting the efforts of all socializing institutions in their territories, seeking common forces, jointly to the sustainable positive development of their readers. The organization of the reader's activities of the younger generation is the main function of the children's library. It is in the library that the child receives the skills of readership, readership culture, information culture. The main goal of libraries working with children - meeting the needs of children and managers children reading In information, in all sectors of knowledge, the organization of leisure, assisting in the formation and development of the individual, in broadcasting knowledge and information to make faithful solutions in different periods of mature, i.e. on the socialization of children, adolescents, youth.
After analyzing the experience of children's library libraries, it can be noted that children's libraries are an invaluable heritage and a unique phenomenon of world history and culture. The end of the XX - the beginning of the twentieth century is characterized by the creation of the global information structure, the development of information technologies. Today, in the period of modernization and globalization, all libraries change significantly. New information technologies put the tasks of their development before the children's libraries of the world.
One of the most acute problems at the present stage facing children's libraries of Russia and abroad is the problem of rejection from reading children. This phenomenon is studied by scientists and is comprehended by the public from many countries, including Russia. A well-thought-out system for attracting children to reading, lifting interest in the book is a promising direction of the work of children's libraries in the world.
In the world, not new problem "family literacy". In a number of developed countries, the number of families functionally illiterate are growing. Family literacy can be viewed as the achievement of a certain level of literacy in the family, where together work on improving their education. The need for closer interaction of libraries serving children with family, as well as service for the walls of the library is the prospects for children's libraries.
In the early 90s. The American Children's Library Services Association together with the Family and School Development Institute has successfully worked on the creation of a national program, which provided for their parents, so that they can assist their children in their studies. This program was designed for parents and provided for the use of libraries. The slogan campaign was "reader ticket - the best gift to your child." Various programs for parents of young readers teach them competently working with a children's book using various forms and methods. The German Foundation for reading with the Federal Department of Family recently began to exercise the project "Reading - Family Case". Work is carried out with all categories of mentors - parents, educators of kindergartens, teachers.
One of the most effective impacts is the impact on "Literary Wednesday Resources". The presence of children's books surrounded by a child is one of the main conditions for the development of a sustainable habit of reading. In the late 80s - early 90s. In the USA, Indiana, a program associated with the support of free reading (reading for pleasure) has students of 4-6 grades entitled "Movement to reading and a paperback book", with the participation of school and public libraries. For the US, it was a unique program, but it resembled New Zealand and British programs "Book Flow". Her goal is to stimulate the free reading of the young, using two ways: accommodation in the experimental schools of a large collection of books in a soft cover; Support for these schools in providing motivated readers.
In the US, the libraries work intensively with the family, and the program is carried out both with children of different ages and with parents, grandfathers, grandmothers. In the public libraries, a number of programs are being implemented with a child on the knees ("Lap-Sit"), when the parent can bring a baby (from birth to 24 months) to the library so that he can listen to stories, move and imitate, and also Parents had the opportunity to learn how to stimulate mental processes in the kid. One of the most famous family literacy programs implemented by public libraries since 1987 is called "main start". This program was carried out by volunteers and librarians and included consultations of parents for reading as a family session, recommendations aimed at improving the school academic performance of the child, acquaintance of parents with reading materials, training skills with preschoolers. In Pittsburgh, the Mom-Tinenerger program (girls aged 13 to 19 years) included classes with the tutors who came to school from the library twice a week and taught young mothers to communicate with children, advised them for children's reading. Another program - "Read together": Tutors (volunteers) use children's books as a material for training and help educational adults read these books to children. Parental reading clubs loud are another model of a modern family literacy program. Another example of a non-standard approach in working with the family is a project that was called the "fathers" and was carried out in the second half of the 90s. Xx in. When working with prisoners of San Quentin prison in California. Purpose: Help the fathers become the first teachers of their children, teach fathers to use children's books to teach their children and communicate with them. Another problem, exciting American society, is the problem of communication of generations. Network of organizations and unions of the American Association of Pensioners (AARP) and more than 100 organizations "Communication of Generations" have their own branches at the local level, state level, as well as national organizations. Programs are not limited to work with the elderly and children, they can attract people of student age, workers, etc.
Currently, studying reading in America is set very seriously. Back in the 80s, HC. In the United States, fears were expressed about the fact that the country turns into the "nation of the audience", so the attention was paid to the problems of reading "at the very top". The most relevant directions of studying reading in American practice can be called the following: studying the reading of children; marginal groups; Studying the place of reading in the life of the family and community, etc. The most significant analytical studies of recent years American experts consider the work of D. David "Readers and reading in America: historical and turning prospects" (1994) and K. Davidson "Reading in America: Literature and the history of society "(1989). In 2002, a study of public involvement in the United States was conducted in the United States, including the reading of fiction. The results were published. Currently, European and American studies are closely linked with the programs for promoting reading among the unread-to-date population, with projects in support of reading, which exist at the state level in almost every country.
Today, in the period of modernization and globalization, the library varies significantly. New information technologies put the tasks of their development before the children's libraries of the world. Children and teenagers quickly and easily master new technologies and attract their huge opportunities for cyberspace. The role of libraries in the process of building an information society is enormous, this focuses the Public Library Organization of IFLA.
In 1991-1993, a ten-year-old program for building a national information infrastructure was launched in the United States. The US Library Association began to develop new approaches and creating programs for libraries to overcome the "discontinuity in information". Today's school library as an information center plays a vital role in the preparation of schoolchildren to life and work in the information society. The US Association of School Libraries used two national technologies: Iconnect- Provided Internet - classes to help school librarians, the project "Children connect" provided assistance and reference service for users.
An understanding of the American librarians of their changing tasks in the era of new information technology was reflected in the "Statement of the obligation to achieve high quality library services for children in the technological age." In a number of commitments that children's librarians accepted, due to the development of the network, the following are indicated:
teach parents the ability to work with the Internet and support them to play an active role in managing our children when using the Internet;
to play an active role in the development of policies in the field of Internet and programs that will help parents to protect children from inappropriate materials and provide children with access to the information in which they need.
In the UK, a new original company on the introduction of online to the life of the nation began. Adult attraction mission in world network It is assigned to the web educated children.
Created "International Children's Digital Library" (ICDL). The essence of the project is to post 10 thousand books on 100 languages \u200b\u200bon the Internet (including, Russian) for children from 3 to 10 years. Everything e-books Manufactured by scanning - Page Numbering, Care Book Font, Colorful Illustration. The ICDL budget is $ 4.4 million. The project is organized by the University of Meriland with the support of the US Congress Library and the National Science Development Fund.
The first European children's virtual library was created. In 1994, children's librarians 6 countries (Great Britain, Germany, Greece, Spain, Portugal and Finland) were united to develop a unique international project Chilias -Baby virtual library. The project is addressed to children of 9-12 years and developed in direct participation. Chilias consists of four complementary partitions posted on the Internet: a virtual library - "Information Planet" (information about authors, books, cities of the projects, computer programs, and animals, music, sports) are collected here; Interactive program "Sochini Story", allowing children to independently make new information, for example, to write fairy tales and stories; "Guest book" - a discussion club, where children can express their opinion on the merits and shortcomings of the program, conduct correspondence with their peers in different countries; Training program for training infoton information search skills.
Thanks to the creation of online computer centers in different countries, such as OCLC, RLIN, WLN in the USA, ABES in France, Pica in Holland, etc. Libraries do not catalog new arrivals and do not carry out retroconversion of catalogs alone. The case is to the fact that soon in the world no one will independently describe foreign literature - high-quality bibliographic descriptions will be borrowed from the bibliographic institutions of those countries where this literature was published. In the early 1990s, the British library agreed to coordinate efforts to microfilming their funds and the preservation of their microfilms made. In parallel, the National Computer Register of Microform is created, and its data is transmitted to the US SCIENTIFIC LIFE (RLIN) information network, thanks to which they become available for use throughout the world.
The processes occurring in the field of library services in Western countries are ahead of Russia in the use of ICT. The information policy of many countries of the world is based on the fact that today's internet users and tomorrow are children and adolescents. In this regard, in a number of West countries, various programs are developing related to connecting libraries and schools, educating young users. Literacy basics in the broad sense of the word.
Russia is at the beginning of the construction of the information society, and children are his future participants. Today there is not only widespread distribution, but also the extensive growth of information resources in the world and in Russia. The general trend is the development of media education and various types of literacy: information, computer and network.
As in the world and in the domestic library library, the problem of the work of libraries on the Internet is intensively discussed by experts - theorists and practitioners of library. However, in Russia today is relevant and not sufficiently studied is the problem of developing children's library service as one of the most active potential Internet users.
Another side of this problem is the possibility of libraries working with children, create and provide young cultural wealth accumulated by them in the form of new information resources, thus creating "children's cyberspace", which can contribute to the development of the child's personality. At the same time, it is well known that there are many information on the Internet capable of bringing the juvenile harm. In recent years, in the countries of the West, librarians are extremely concerned about this problem and discuss various ways to solve it.
In 2000-2001, a comprehensive research "Children's libraries and the Internet: problems, development and development prospects" was conducted by specialists of RSDB. The library was considered as a social institution with the tasks and functions inherent in it, which undergo changes dictated in the sociocultural situation. In the course of the study, for the first time, the material was collected about the work of the "leading group" - librarians from the central children's libraries - the leaders of the library service of children of different regions of Russia. It is these specialists today are carriers of innovation, with their help developing new strategies and methods of working with children in libraries where new information and communication technologies are used. The results of the study indicate a developing trend in the entry of children's libraries into a new information space. The process goes with great difficulties, since the role of the navigator in the cyberspace information flow requires a completely different level of competence, as well as other professional knowledge. There are problems of automation of children's libraries in Russia. Despite the fact that the rights of the child are declared as priority, the role of libraries as guarantors of the rights of children on obtaining information is clearly underestimated. The solution to this problem should go within the framework of targeted state programs.
Since the second half of the 1980s, significant political and socio-economic changes occur in Russia, which have influenced the development of libraries, and to study their readers.
Active in learning the reading of young readers of the Departments of the Sociology and Psychology of the RGYUB, RSDB. They develop their own programs and methods for researching children's and youth reading.
During this period, large-scale readings studies in the regions are beginning, primarily in Siberia, who later gave deep and interesting results.
Every year, since 1995, with the participation of federal and regional libraries, on the basis of their proposals, the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation forms a consolidated (coordination) plan of the main library events (conferences, seminars, meetings, major exhibitions, etc.). Of all the many events held in last year Relative children's reading programs can be distinguished by the conference "Children. Book. Library" (Ivanovo, 1996), "Children's reading at the turn of centuries" (Ivanovo, 1999).
The program "Reading" ("The National Development Program for Development and Literacy in the Russian Federation") is a priority project in the field of culture and improving literacy. The first swallow, broken through the fog of ambiguities in this matter, - the project of the movement "Young Russia reads", published in the journal "School Library". The project is accompanied by the program articles of the famous employees of the RSDB V. P. Chudinova and E. I. Golubeva "Support for children's reading - our main task today."
The first project of the National Program "Reading" under the motto "Save the spirituality of Russia!" He was published in the book "Reading. Society. State" (M., 2001). The goal of the program was formulated as follows: "All-time support for reading, the most important element of culture, tool for increasing the intellectual potential of the nation, creative and social activity of Russian society." Among the areas of the program, the following areas were allocated: children's reading; family reading; school reading; advocacy of reading; State support of book publishing, media and proliferation of printing.
Children's libraries were actively involved in the implementation of the ideas of the program. In all regions of the country, the shares, festivals, conferences rolled. Began to open the "Schools of Talented Reading", "Workshop Readings", "Creative Laboratory", "Reading Centers". Public initiatives supported the press. A rare magazine in those years did not respond to articles about all this. (In the bibliographic indicator "Reading children and adolescents" (RSDB), reflecting publication since 2001, more than 600 books and articles are currently. Specific suggestions on the national reading program were made by leading employees of the RSDB and published in the collection of materials "Young reader and book culture of Russia" (M., 2003). The working group of the newspaper "Book Review" has been responding. Parents have actively encouraged for child reading. But soon for incomprehensible reasons, as if by order, all this work got up.
So, instead of the planned introduction to the staffing school of secondary schools and secondary special educational institutions, the position of the methodologist of extracurricular reading, extracurricular reading was generally seized from the school schedule. The same happened with the "organization on the basis of universities of culture of specialized training for working with children." Instead of the "Organization" conducted disorganization: in most universities, this specialization has abolished. In SPBSU, eliminated the "Family reading" course. Initially, the task of supporting children's libraries turned into many closures. And the task of the examination of children's literature has ended with the liquidation of the magazine "Children's literature" - the only magazine in the country professionally engaged in criticism of children's literature.
In March 2006, the meeting of the RCC Board was presented "The Concept of the National Development Program in Russian Federation as a priority project in the field of culture ". In this concept, the key position of the future program is given - the impact of the level of reading on the competitiveness of the state as a whole, as well as the situation in Russia and international experience in solving this problem, the first steps that Russia should do on this Ways. It also suggested that the financing of the state program "Reading" will succeed in budget by 2008..
The most expensive argument for the authors of the project is the "reading crisis". Another argument is that in national reading programs in developed countries of the world, priority is given to reading the younger generation. The main motivation that dictates the need to create a state program "Reading" should be supporting the culture, intellectual and creative potential of the nation. Reading in this context is not an end in itself - it is only the path to the development of personality and the country as a whole. Not a society of readers must be created, but to revive the spiritual power of Russia through reading, to prepare the younger generation to service the highest goals.
The problem is complicated today by the unprecedented bloody mass culture, generating consumer attitude to life. Indebid effect Mass culture on the consciousness of the younger generation is to substitute values. Only a good book and deep, thoughtful reading can save from the harmful influence of Erzats literature.
A real breakthrough in the tightened silence around the national program "Reading" can be called a scientific and practical conference "Reading and literacy - a tool for the development of personality and society", dedicated to the XIX Moscow International Book Exhibition-Fair, which takes place annually on the All-Russian State University. All intellectual Russia spoke about the need for the program, its orientation, goals and objectives. From the proposed private projects there are large-scale programs: the year of the young reader Perm, a year of reading in Buryatia, a year of family reading in Chelyabinsk. This foundation should build a state program. The current state of children's reading in the country was discussed, the uneven bookspace was disclosed, signs of book hunger were observed. The overall tendency of children's reading goes on falling: well-reading transitions to a group of weakly paying, and the weakhaty - in the category of unquesting.
Among the negative points was noted the low quality of the free reading of children and adolescents. In the array of books, the priority place does not occupy socially significant literary works, but low models of mass culture. Promote this market relations in the field of publishing children's literature, as well as the destruction and dilapidation of children's library funds. The lack of qualified librarians working with children was noted. The quality of the reader and information culture of readers is reduced, the traditions of family reading are leaving. The richest experience of attaching children to the book and reading, accumulated in the country, is not properly analyzed and does not communicate, does not become the property of others. It is scattered on different collections and magazines, often not affordable practices.
Many positive and promising is noted in the activities of children's libraries of Russia. Working and conceptual ideas in the field of children's reading of the Ural region can be called the phenomenon of the Urals. Here are introduced into operations with children, multi-age models of adolescent reading. These models are aimed at the development of the personality of a growing person, the formation of children's reader's culture. The experience of creating the "Nation of readers" of the Sverdlovsk Children's Library deserves attention. In the children's libraries of Russia, not only individual interesting events are held. Many places have developed long-term programs for attracting children to reading. For example, the Leningrad ODB "book of childhood" is based on the principle of children's partnership and adult in reading. At the heart of the projects of the Magadan and Murmansk regional libraries ("steps of growing", the "reading family", the "reading school") lies with children, families, schools for reading and library; identifying reading addictions; Promotion of the best books for children; Acquisition for their reading and library. With the help of children's librarians, the book appears in the parks, summer camps Recreation, "reading rooms on wheels" (stocks "with a book on a bench", "with a book under the arm") are organized. This form of work has long been and is actively used in the children's libraries of Germany, France. In the libraries of Russia, creative works contests are held "how cool to read!", Reader and literary marathons, reader conferences in traditional and online mode. By example foreign countries In Russia, reader groups of preschool and younger school age are being created. For parents, information and psychological support programs have been created, family clubs work. Perspective forms of working with teenagers: Discussion clubs, clubs of friends books, the movement of book culture volunteers. RSDB participates in high-quality reading projects, distributes the experience of children's libraries. In 2006, a collection of materials "Projects of children's libraries in support of reading" was published.
If we are in the program to lay Western model: the reading technique plus an understanding of the text is equal to functional literacy, then we target the state only to eliminate the growing illiteracy of the younger generation. This is important, but not enough. If we put a Russian model in it, towering on functional literacy and directed towards the upbringing, culture and development of the creative potential of the personality and the nation as a whole, then its end result will be completely different. This will be a national program that answers russian traditions And our mentality.
Many of those present at the International Seminar "Reading in the Social and Cultural Development System" held in SPBS the last days June 2006, drew attention to the difference in the approach to the subject discussed by foreign and Russian specialists. Speakers from Switzerland, Italy, Finland and the United States, speaking of reading, everything, as one, sharpened attention on the problem of understanding the text and flowing from here the technology of textual activity of schoolchildren and students. It is in understanding the text that they see the highest stage of the culture of reading. The level of understanding is taken by them for the performance of the effectiveness of the analysis of the text and the relevant monitoring - tracking the success of students in the acquisition of the necessary skills. As for Russian performances, the words "culture", "spirituality", "upbringing" were mainly key here. Methodical techniques were aimed at this: exercises, tasks, questions.
Such a different approach to reading has identified a different idea of \u200b\u200bhis role in the socio-cultural development of the personality. For Western specialists, reading is the basis for successful education, the key to the information and functional literacy of the person. With reference to schoolchildren reading in the West fully delivered to the service "Learn to learn." The Russian participants of the seminar, not excluding the importance of understanding the text, saw in reading mainly educational, moral, creative mission. The difference is significant. But this does not mean that the Western model is untenable. If you discard the humanitarian component, then in the Western methodology you can find many advantages and conceptual character, and private pedagogical finds, to which it is worth looking.
For example, reading can be considered as a basic component of educational activities, ensuring the success of a schoolboy for all academic disciplines. Without reading - no formation. This thesis gives the formation of a culture of reading methodological significance.
One of the important features of Western reading technologies is active and orientation for achievements and success. Training children reading, they do not allow them to miss. They are included in a variety of intellectual work, where one species is replaced by another. As a result, children do not get tired and enjoy such training. The mental labor system of students, the so-called "studying reading", is designed in detail and appropriate. Here - extracts, theses, problematic issues and transcoding text in graphic schemes, as well as a presentation of your own work of the reader, keeping diary records, compression and deployment of text, recognition of its species and much, much more. It is not surprising that as a result, children begin to learn better, work with information, absorb learning material.
It is also attractive in Western teaching technology to read its interactive, dialog character in which the child is a subject of activity, and not its object. This technology provides for and implements training of speech activities, the continuous and hurricane discussion of books, discussions, reflections out loud.
And at one positive moment of Western technologies, I would like to pay attention. Of great importance, European colleagues give the reflection of the reader, that is, his self-esteem, his reflection on what he achieved as a result of a particular activity. In this regard, the technology named "Portfolio" plays a major role, which allows to include the reader itself into the estimated activities of their own success.
It was not without flaws. On the model fully reflected inherent in the west of rationalism and pragmatism. The reader is preparing the engine of technical progress that is able to take responsibility for the creation and use of the technologies of the XXI century. At the formation of the moral qualities of the personality, this model is clearly not calculated.
Thus, domestic children's libraries are mainly used by all sorts of individual and massive forms of work. Libraries serving children abroad use various programs and projects of national, state, local levels in their work. Recently, between Russian and foreign colleagues, an active exchange of experience is happening. In Russia, various programs have been developed for which children's libraries operate. The implementation of the ideas of the reading program, the creation of its new model should be a promising direction in the work of children's libraries in Russia.
The purpose of our reading model is to grow not only the intellectuals of the Western sample, but a humane, creative, intelligent person, a citizen of his fatherland. There is a lot of literature about the reader's talent of Russian people. Of the latest editions of the upbringing in the child of the talented reader, I want to call the reissue of the book L. I. Belenka "Child and Book" and the allowance E. Gutkina "Children and Poems". Western model can serve as an addition to the traditional Russian. It will help our schoolchildren not to hit the face in the subsequent international read-quality testing (PISA).
The Western and Russian model of the culture of reading do not contradict, but mutually enrich each other. With a careful study of the same "patchwork" consciousness, which Metropolitan Kirill spoke, is overcome. Our task is not to replace the Russian model of Western, what is the trend, and skillfully combine them. Information technologies need humanitarianization, but humanitarianization should be linked to information technologies. An example of Western countries convinces that reading policies can be carried out using programs. of different levels: from nationwide and regional to local. The departmental affiliation and the number of their participants can also be very wide and cover areas of education, culture, book publishing; Schools and libraries, and publishing houses, and other organizations can be involved. Depending on the initiators and organizers of the program, it can rely on various social institutions - school, library, family.
Russian librarians in conjunction with state and public structures should coordinate efforts to create a national program of protection and implementation, the child's rights to library and informational services that meet the needs of today. The development of strategic plans and large-scale programs to implement them is necessary. Today you need to save troubled and update the content of education. Library service of children requires a deeper knowledge of their psychology, taking into account social trends and demographic changes in society. A differentiated approach to children who are most acutely needed by the help of librarians are needed, and the ability to work with such children. As abroad, it is very important for us to support the Russian library community in the implementation of programs for children's, youthful, school libraries.
To help planning for 2016:
priority areas of work libraries with children
Consultation
The main time in the planning process is the preparation: it is she
determines its success.
In this consultation, we offer you information about
major topics and priority directions that you can take into account when
work planning for 2016.
Try to plan the events of your library so that it
the activity was visible in society so that the local government, the population understood that the modern library is an educational center in which life "beats the key" and where people of different ages, different generations and hobbies strive not only for information, but also for new knowledge and Human communication that the modern library is the center of the local community. When planning the activities of libraries for 2016, pay attention to the recommended "model standard of activity of a publicly accessible library"
(The document was approved on October 31, 2014) options for the implementation of the main activities of the publicly available library. In modern conditions, publicly available libraries should develop in three main areas:
Library as a cultural and educational center - Communication platform of intellectual development and cultural leisure of the country's population;
Library as an active information agent, an equal acting person in a network, virtual space, providing access to both its own and international information resources, giving the user a professional advice in navigation and choosing sources of information;
Library as a keeper of cultural heritage, including regional importance embodied in its funds and other information resources. At the same time, the library should not only be stored, but also to create, multiply the cultural heritage, to provide materials on cultural heritage in public use, including regional, local history and local student topics.
To determine the priority directions and the main themes of the year will help you "calendar of significant and memorable dates for 2016" prepared by the Sakhalin Regional Children's Library.
When forming a plan for 2016, it is necessary to take into account the significant and memorable dates for this year, announced in the Russian Federation, the International Decade, Proclaimed UN, the anniversary of public figures, prominent representatives of the history, culture of Russia, and also need to pay attention to federal, regional and municipal programs .
International decades declared by the UN:
2006-2016 - decade of rehabilitation and sustainable development of affected regions (third decade after Chernobyl, in 2016
performed 30 years from the day of the catastrophe at the Chernobyl NPP).
2008-2017 - The second decade of the UN to combat the elimination of poverty.
2010-2020 - A decade of the UN dedicated to the deserts and the fight against desertification.
2011-2020 - decade of security actions road;
Dozens of countries participate in the project, public organizations, automakers. According to the UN, over a year in the world in road accidents, more than a million people die, another 50 million are injured.
Road safety sign is a new global road safety symbol and the main visual image of the decade.
Located on the UN website.
With the help of the activities carried out in libraries, you can warn drivers and pedestrians from the consequences of traffic violations, to warn in advance the smallest road participants, which can bring inattention on the road. Such events, as practice shows, bring a good effect.
2011-2020 - Decade of UN biodiversity.
2013-2022 - International decade of convergence of cultures.
2014-2024 - Decade Sustainable Energy for All.
You can find information about the decades on the UN website.
2016 - 70 years of UNESCO - United Nations education, science and culture. It has existed since 1946 in order to promote peace and international security by developing cooperation between states in the field of education, science and culture. Unites 186 countries (1998). Headquarters is located in Paris.
2016 - 60 years of the International Award H.K. Andersen (1956).
Awarded once every two years. Award is awarded on April 2 on the birthday of Hans Christian Andersen. At the initiative and decision of the International Council as a sign of deep respect and love for H.K. Andersen in 1967 on April 2 was declared an international day of children's book.
The status of the "World Capital of the Book of 2016" was assigned to the city of Wroclaw (Poland).
Wroclaw will become the worldwide capital of the book in connection with high quality and great diversity, which is characterized by his program, as well as a sign of special attention, which is paid to the participation of broad masses and promoting publishing, book-selling industries and libraries at the regional and international levels. This was stated by the general director of UNESCO Irina Bokova. Wroclaw in 2016 will be not only the World Capital of the Book, but also the European capital of culture.
The heads of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) announced 2016 the year of education in the Commonwealth of Independent States.
According to President of the Russian Federation, V. V. Putin, the implementation of this decision will contribute to the further development of humanitarian relations, rapprochement of educational standards, academic mobility in the CIS space.
2016 is officially announced by the Criminal Heal of Greece and Russia.
The order was signed by Russian President Vladimir Putin.
The relevant document is published on the official Internet portal of legal information. The cross-year program includes joint activities in the field of education, language, science, cultural heritage, art, sports, as well as youth exchanges.
The events dedicated to Greece in Russia and Russia in Greece will become interesting for users of children's libraries and will expand the country's horizons of young readers, to acquaint with the Great History and the traditions of Greece, will remind you of beautiful myths and legends. On the well-known project "Weblia" you can find links to useful resources dedicated to the sights of ancient and modern Greece. As part of the cross-year of Greece in Russia and Russia in Greece for users of children's libraries, you can organize a number of virtual travels in Greece, watches of entertaining history, video wares, days of myths and legends Ancient Greece, contests of experts, intellectual and historical games.
Pay attention to the following options for the names of events and exhibitions:
"Welcome to Greece!", "Cradle of European civilization", "Thousands of years, thousands of the islands ...", "Unique Greece", "Journey to Greece, or how to find miracles", "Wisdom and charm of the myths of ancient Greece", "under Head of an ancient Ellala "," Greece: as it is "," Great and famous Greeks "," Greece: yesterday and today "," Russia and Greece: Dialogue of Cultures. "
2016 announced in the Russian Federation on the Russian Cinema (Presidential Decree on His Holding from October 7, 2015 No. 503). A set of measures for the development and promotion of domestic cinema and strengthening its positions in the international arena will be created, "films-events" will be created. The year of Russian cinema on the plan "will be a logical continuation of state policy on popularizing, improving the quality and social importance of another of the most important humanitarian industries."
January 8 - Child movie day. August 27 - Russian Cinema Day. December 28 - International Cinema Day.
Options for the form of events:
"This is a comedy!", "Music cinema", video program "Film, film, film!", Cycle film, film "Book in Frame", Kinodiscius, Kinodisput, Quiz "Movie Cinema" magazine "We read, learn, play", 2015, No. 5, the exhibition "If you like the movie, you will enjoy the book."
In working with jubilee writers and anniversaries, a wide field for library work is provided. For example, the abilities and adaptation on these works: 80 years of the work of the "Golden Key, or the Adventures of Buratino" A.N. Tolstoy and 40 years old to the Soviet film (entered the rental of January 1-2, 1976). Pay at the date of 120 years since the birthday of the writer, playwright, Kinossenarist Evgenia Lvovich Schwartz.
Honorary status "Library Capital of Russia 2016" was assigned to Kaliningrad. In this city, the next year will take place XXI Annual Conference Russian Library Association.
Federal programs.
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 20.05. 2015 No. 481 Adopted by the Federal Target Program "Russian" for 2016-2020. Approving the program, the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, Dmitry Medvedev stressed that the development of the language is an extremely important state challenge.
Events strengthen the respectful attitude towards the Russian language, create an additional sustainable motivation to his knowledge.
The program "Strengthening the unity of the Russian nation and the ethnocultural development of the peoples of Russia (2014-2020)" suggests a set of activities in the field of national policies (Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 20.08. 2013 No. 718).
In 2016, we propose to provide for the work plan of the Sakhalin Regional Children's Library, to determine the possible participation or assistance in their implementation:
regional literary and creative contest among children and adolescents "We live on the islands" (by the 90th anniversary of the birth of the Sakhalin Children's writer A.A. Deshin), the competition of library programs of children's and rural libraries "Library - the territory of creativity", children's librarian courses Areas "Modern library for children:
organization and conducting mass events, search for new forms and working methods. "
One of the tasks facing the modern children's librarian is to return the new generation of readers of the books that make up the Golden Foundation for Children's Literature and for a period of time left of the circle of reading. An excellent reason for this will be the anniversary of the authors: Sergey Bajordin, Lyubov Voronkova, Yuri Tretyakov. It is also worth paying the attention of young readers and on the work of the anniversaries writers, whose books are invariably remain popular: Agnia Barto, Evgenia Schwartz, Mikhail Musnova and others.
When you meet readers of junior and middle school age with artistic texts, there are still relevant forms of reading out loud: loud readings, commented reading, "reading in a circle", with elements of theatricalization.
In 2016, December 12 marks: 250 years since the birth of a writer, historian, publicist, literary criticism, the degree of the Russian Sentimental Poetry of Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin. His creative activity had a huge impact on the development of literature and Russian literature, a large preparatory work is underway to this date, there is a decree of the President of the Russian Federation (from 08.23. 2010 No. 1052) on the preparation of the celebration of this date at the federal level. In preparing and conducting activities, it should be paid to the fact that the anniversary year suggests not only the familiarization of readers with facts from the life and creativity of N.M. Karamzin, but also an introduction to the origins of Russian culture. Its influence on contemporaries was so great that a whole period of our literature is called Karamzinsky.
"Poet, Writer, Historian" Scenario telling about the life and activities of Karamzin ("We read, learn, play", 2015, No. 7), "Literary Chronicler Rus" Literary and Musical Composition ("Read, Learn, Play", 2011 Year, No. 10), "Feat a honest person" is an intellectual game ("We read, learn, play", 2006, No. 10).
Among the literary dates should not be noted such events:
190 years since the birth of Mikhail Evgrafovich Saltykov-Shchedrin, 195th from the birth of Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, 125 years old from the birthday of Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov, 225 years since the birth of Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov, 185 years old from the birth of Nikolai Semenovich Leskov.
You can conduct open readings of the works of classics writers, accompanied by stories about the works of writers.
Interesting anniversary dates in 2016:
- 50 years ago, our famous interplanetary station made the first landing on the moon;
- 55 years from the day, when Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin on space ship "Vostok" for the first time in the world committed an orbital flight of land;
- 155 years from the date of the abolition of serfdom in Russia. This historical event will be celebrated on March 3;
- 160 years of the State Tretyakov Gallery;
- 100 years of the death of Grigory Rasputin;
- 700 years from the moment the ruble has become a symbol of our country.
Priority areas of libraries, still remain:
Patriotic education;
Basic topics for work towards: significant and memorable dates of the history and culture of Russia, our region. Pay attention to the date of the 75th anniversary of the beginning of the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. In 2016 marks 120 years since the birth of the great commander G.K. Zhukova and KK Rokossovsky; Days of military glory of Russia; propaganda of state symbols of Russia;
tolerance; Regional science. Option questionnaires on sentry:
1. Are you interested in the story ... (ours) of the region?
2. Who, or what helps you in learning the native land? (Check the desired option) * School, teachers, * books, library, * friends, * parents, * radio, television, * your own option.
3. About whom from our countrymen, would you like to know more?
4. What event in the history of the native land is particularly interested in you?
5. What events conducted by the library on the history of the region or Russia, did you remember and liked you?
Information literacy. Information Security;
Legal education of children and adolescents in general, and in particular, an increase in the legal culture of voters;
Environmental education of the younger generation. Global environmental problems are exacerbated by the ecological illiteracy of the population, low levels of environmental culture;
Formation of a healthy lifestyle;
Project activities: development and implementation of their creative projects, participation in creative and grant competitions.
Introduction of modern technologies in the service of readers: clubs, communities for interests: the creation of thematic own blogs, ("What do we create in the library", "Sakhalin writers - children" Sakhodb) site, active inclusion in social networks.
This can be library service in general, services, library resources and methods for their preparation; Separate structural units.
The main activity of libraries is the work on promoting books and reading, the best literary works, attract readers to the library.
Bright innovative forms Works on the promotion of a book and reading attract children and adolescents. Therefore, specialists of libraries in their work are looking for a new, creatively suitable for events. Many libraries of Russia are held poetic rings, literary diligences, dossiers, days of the new book, the days of literary games, the days of the birthday books, book defile, literary salons, discussion swings, develops buccroxing.
Libraries use dynamic, interactive, dialog forms of work.
One of the new, bright and informative forms of work today was the search game in the quest format, where the search for information turns into a fascinating adventure, from the player requires solutions of intellectual tasks to move along the plot. For example, MBU "Library" Novocheboksarsk implemented a historical and local history quest-game "In the lens - Novocheboksarsk".
The game consisted of 4 stages: "Pathfinder", "Memorial", "treasures", "VIP guide".
The tasks were posted on the site and sent to registered participants of the game by email. Completed the quest-game of the feast of young local historians.
CBS G. Sarov: "Family book weekend", bibliotati "We read together", Flash Mob "Boom Bookam", "Library courtyard: the territory of family reading and leisure."
CBS G. Yaroslavl: Competition "Reading Records" on the nominations: "Faithful friend" (reader's experience), "Bibomraphon" (visiting more times), "Book West" (who read the most a large number of Books), "Literary Gourmet" (reading the best literature), "Premier reader"
(reading only new items), "Book Family" (the most reading), "Eternal Engine" (the most active participant in clubs and events); "Mystery of the Chamber"
(constantly writing abstracts), "Generous donor", "Miracle in books" (reader, surprised by librarians).
You can organize in the decades of reading decades (mini-shares of the daily 30 minutes of reading "reading grandchildren", "reading fathers - sons", "read grandmother!", "Read the youngest brother (sister)!".
To attract and retain modern readers in the library, it is necessary to introduce new forms of events to their activities:
Library non-stop - all day library is a platform for open interactive communication with interesting people, youth creative teams.
Biblio Cafe - a form of an event built by the type of cafe, where the menu instead of dishes are served.
Bibliology - cycle of field events, exhibitions, reviews combined by one topic and presented in different organizations and institutions.
Biblible - Library event is bright, showing, designed for a noisy external effect.
Library Boulevard - an event held on the street for the purpose of advertising the book and reading Bibliofresh - (English Fresh - Fresh) Bibliographic Review of New.
Bureau of literary innovations - an event to promote new literature among the readership of the audience, the propaganda of the best literary names, including through the organization of creative meetings.
Starley Poetic - an event dedicated to masterpieces of poetry or popular poets requiring reading poems.
Comprehensive form of promotion of the book and reading: "Day of reader pleasures", "Day with a writer", "Day of the literary gourmet", "Neskual Classic", "Day of the reader", literary festivals, marathons.
Thus, libraries try to be unlike others, it affects its openness and attractiveness.
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Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education
"Chelyabinsk State Academy of Culture and Arts"
Institute for absentee learning
Department of Library Information
Graduation qualifying work
Children's library at the present stage of development
specialty 071201 Library and Information Activities
Completed: Dosspotovova G.S.
Leader: Fedosenko G.F.
Chelyabinsk 2012.
Introduction
Chapter 1. Place and role of a children's library in the library service system of children
1.1 Typical features of children's libraries
1.2 Functions of the Children's Library
1.3 Reading Development as the basic direction of the children's library
Chapter 2. History and the current state of the network of children's libraries
2.1 History of the formation of a network of children's libraries in Russia
2.2 Modern condition and problems of development of children's libraries
Chapter 3. Experience of the Karabalyk district Children's Library with children and adolescents
3.1 Characteristics of Karabalyk RDB
3.2 forms and directions of work of Karabalyk RDB
3.3 Public Relations
Conclusion
List of used literature
application
Introduction
The relevance of the topic of the CCRS.
Children around the world, including in our country, begin to confess as the greatest value. This group of the population has its own pronounced specific features of development related to sexual, psychological and social differences. The basic principle of socio-cultural policy against children, which means their library services, is the maximum possible differentiation of measures that take into account these features and contributing to the social adaptation of children to society. Children's library service makes a significant contribution to the socialization of the child's personality, in its inculturation (term N.L. Golubeva), that is, entry into the culture.
Library service of children carry out libraries of the culture management bodies of all levels: public, specialized children and even partially regional universal libraries. There is a huge network of libraries of secondary schools, lyceums, gymnasiums. In general, children readers make up 33 - 35% of the total number of users of all libraries, and in the village their share reaches 40-45%.
Analysis of the effectiveness of these libraries to ensure and support child reading leads to the conclusion about the growth of their demand. In the past five years, they are gradually turning into an open system, actively cooperating with many state and public organizations.
In this paper, we consider a number of specific, quite a few questions learned about children's libraries and children's service.
In this way, the relevance of the work performed It is to study the activities of children's libraries in the modern world.
Object research It is children's libraries of all species and departments.
Subject of study - Development of children's libraries at the present stage.
The purpose of the study It is the study of the process of the formation and development of a children's library as a cultural institution.
To achieve the goal of the CCRS, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:
1) Consider historical process the emergence of children's libraries;
2) examine the essence of the activities of the children's library, in particular, goals, objectives, principles, methods, operation functions, library structure;
3) to analyze the activities of the modern children's library as a cultural institution on specific examples;
4) to analyze the work of Karabalyk RDB (Kazakhstan, Kostanay region, Carabalyk) and on the basis of the information received to contribute to improving the activities of the RDB.
The source database of the study was the works of leading scientists, practitioners of library-information, books, teachers of higher educational institutions, educational and references, collections of scientific and practical work, materials of scientific and practical conferences, publications in professional periodicals, as well as service and Archive documents.
Legislative acts, statistical materials, textbooks and articles from periodic literature were used to write CCED.
The study and analysis of official documents allowed us to trace the dynamics of the development of children's libraries, the main activities of children's libraries. The regulatory framework for children's libraries of both Russia and the Republic of Kazakhstan was investigated: laws, subtitle acts, provisions, materials on library work, etc.
Characteristic of the degree of development of the problem under study in professional literature.
Children's library, characterized by a variety of processes occurring in it, which is a complex social system, is traditionally the object of close attention of a wide range of specialists: librarians-bibliographers, teachers, psychologists, historians, philologists, cultural scientists, etc. This is evidenced by the knowledge of the monograph appeared in various fields. . dissertation research, articles and other materials.
Domestic historiography of children's libraries is represented by a wide range of authors. First of all, these are theoretical and historical work, considering the children's library in the context of culture, personality formation, etc. Thus, the study of the activities of a specialized library for children, theoretical understanding of the children's library as a sociocultural phenomenon is reflected in the work of H.ji. Pigeon. It has developed the concept of a children's library in modern society from the perspective of the incultation of the identity of the child.
Functions of children's libraries are considered in the works of N.P.Vasilchenko, O.I. Alimaeva et al.
However, it is still not enough to determine the place of children's libraries in the typology of library libraries. The problems of the general typology of libraries remain sufficiently worked out, despite the rapid controversy on this issue in the 1990s.
Thus, the analysis of the existing materials indicates the absence of a holistic picture of the formation of children's libraries as an independent social institution in its species characteristics. This determined the choice of research theme.
To explore the experience of the libraries, publishing from the magazines "Library", "Library Case", "Library science", "young in librarian business", etc.
The basis of the study was the Karabalyk RDB.
Research methods.
When writing this work, the following methods were used:
Study and analysis of documents;
Analysis of library documentation;
Work with bibliographic sources.
Characteristics of structural sections.
The structure and logic of the work are built in accordance with the goals set and correspond to the content of the WRCC tasks. Work consists of introduction, three chapters, conclusion, a list of used literature and applications.
In the introduction, the relevance of issues relating to children's libraries in general is revealed, the purpose of the work, the task, the subject and the object of the study, as well as the degree of study of the issue are determined.
The first chapter determines the place of the children's library in the system of library service children, the essence and function, mission, goals and objectives of the children's library are revealed in various aspects of its activities.
The second chapter discusses the history of the formation of a network of children's libraries in Russia, as well as, the current state and the problems of the development of children's libraries in general.
The third chapter is devoted to the study of the experience of the Karabalyk RDB for a more detailed consideration of the general concepts and features discussed in the second chapter. A detailed analysis was conducted in the field of the most important aspects of the activities of Karabalyk RDB. In particular, attention was paid to the forms and directions of the work of this library.
Based on the analysis of the work of Karabalyk RDB, conclusions and suggestions were made to improve the future work of the RDB.
The conclusion summarizes research work.
The list of used literature reflects the work of library scientists and practitioners who are cited in the work or were used in the preparation of thesis.
children's library reading
Chapter 1. Place and role of the children's library in the systemcustomer service children
1.1 Typologicallye features of children's libraries
An important theoretical problem of librarian is the development of typology of libraries based on the identification of typical and specific features that allow you to distribute the diverse system of libraries into groups. As the main units of grouping libraries, the concepts "type" and "appearance" meaning the sample, model., A variety that corresponds to a group of libraries with certain features.
In the first years of Soviet power, most library studies have allocated three types of libraries: mass, scientific and school. However, this division no longer meets the modern idea of \u200b\u200bthe social appointment of libraries, about the level of their organization.
The combination of information needs and reader interests of complex and narrowly socially subjects lawfully associates the typology of libraries with differentiation and integration, which corresponds to two types of libraries - universal and special.
Depending on the nature of the socially satisfied information needs And reader requests universal libraries differentiate into mass and scientific. Within these two species, further division of universal libraries is made on regional, departmental features and age-related readers.
So, based on the age composition of readers, they allocate a group of children's, youth libraries.
Children's libraries of Russia - specialized libraries serving children up to 15 years inclusive, their parents, teachers, educators and other users who are professionally dealing with child reading and children's literature, culture and information for children.
All activities of the children's library are aimed at a priority attitude to a certain category of the population - children. It is these children's libraries differ from public libraries that should provide equal conditions to all citizens, regardless of age, gender, education, etc.
Of course, the children's library is not only an informational institution; She, above all, the institute, accumulating and broadcasting cultural and social experience. Changes taking place in all spheres of society directly affect the library associated with state power, political organizations, financing mechanisms. The activities of the Children's Library affect the reorganization of book publishing and bookproofing of literature for children, reforming the education system and culture. Changes in society are directly reflected on the structure, content and amount of readership interests, needs, which will attract the clarification, and sometimes the transformation of the functions and structures of the children's library.
In accordance with the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Library Business", children have the right to use public, specialized children and training libraries.
Children's libraries can be:
independent libraries with the status of a legal entity (republican, regional, regional libraries)
municipal children's libraries with the status of a legal entity (Central Library and Branches)
structural divisions (branches, departments) of other library systems, mainly public libraries.
The network of children's libraries of Russia allows you to organize a system of library service of children at all levels: from the federal to the level of the rural settlement.
In the culture industry, the following models have been operating:
Federal Level
Federal state Institution Cultures Russian State Children's Library (RSDB) - Research, Scientific and Methodological and Information Center on Children's Championships and Library Services of Children in the Russian Federation. Main users: Children's libraries of subjects of the Russian Federation, central libraries Municipal children's systems, libraries serving children, children and reading executives. Main tasks: provision russian librariesserving children, scientific and methodical assistance, conducting research of children's reading, information needs, child library services, coordination of children's children's libraries, developing new forms of children's library services, collecting and preserving the Fund for children and adolescents. RSDB is a legal entity, in accordance with the Charter approved by the founder - the Government of the Russian Federation.
The level of the subject of the Russian Federation
Republican, regional and regional children's libraries (hereinafter referred to as the central regional).Major users - Children's and other libraries serving children, children - Users, Reading executives.
All children's libraries of the subjects of the Russian Federation in accordance with the federal and regional laws on librarians perform the functions of the central libraries:
methodological and research towards all libraries of the region serving children;
memorial, that is, picking up with the greatest completeness, storage and use of literature for children and adolescents in order to preserve these meetings for subsequent generations;
mutually use of funds (MBA, electronic delivery of documents), which is very important in conditions of insufficient recruitment of libraries of regions of children's literature;
The main task is to preserve the unified library service of the children's population, its support, scientific and methodological support, carrying out large shares for the dissemination of a book and reading in a children's environment.
As indicated in the Regulations on the Central Children's Library - the Central Children's Library (CDD) is one of the divisions of the CBS information cultural and educational institution.
Central children's libraries of the subjects of the Russian Federation must position themselves as genuine research centers for the study of children's reading and children's literature; monitoring centers of children's library services and the spread of reading among the children's population; centers uniting various institutions and organizations involved in the problems of children; As an information base for authorities to develop the most optimal policy on childhood.
In order to improve the quality of work of the central children's libraries of the Russian Federation, a change in the management of libraries, their structural units is necessary. Flexible structures must be created that meet the modern and future development of the needs of young users, legal entities and individuals related to solving problems of childhood; The horizontal and vertical links of the library as a methodological and research center with all interested legal entities and individuals are established.
To solve this strategic task, support is needed by state structures, an increase in and stabilization of financing the activities of central children's libraries, strengthening their status, the creation of relevant regulatory documentation. Each library should develop a strategy of its development and the program of fulfilling the goals.
Municipal
Municipal children's libraries, which have the status of a legal entity, and municipal systems of children's libraries (MSDB) - independent specialized children's libraries of the municipal level.
The main tasks are the organization of children's library services in accordance with their age-age and psychological features, the creation of a child's personality development environment, including the satisfaction of educational needs, the organization of leisure and communication, library service of reading managers, recruiting literature fund for children and children's reading managers, including publication in various formats and on various media: books, periodicals, audiovisual and electronic documents.
In relation to rural libraries - branches, municipal children's libraries carry out methodological functions on children's reading and organization of children's library services.
Municipal children's libraries serve most of the children's population, have opportunities to provide services, conducting various activities to promote books and reading. Their development should go along the way to strengthen independence, informatization of all processes within the system, including in corporate and local urban interdepartmental information systems, the establishment of intersystem and interdepartmental exchange of documents and information, coordination and cooperation with public activities and school libraries Cities, other agencies and organizations.
1.2 Functions of the children's library
The Library Function is the role that she plays or should play in society, the manifestation of properties that distinguish the library from other social institutions and institutions. The Federal Law "On Library Business" gives the following legal definition: "Library - an informational, cultural, educational institution with an organized fund of replicated documents and providing them with temporary use of individuals and legal entities" Thus, the main functions of the library recognize information, cultural and educational .
The library's activities are implemented by its functions. In the domestic library personnel there is no single point of view to the classification of social functions of the library. By 1984, two approaches were established to identify the functions of the library: information (A.B. Sokolov: Communicative, cognitive, cumulative) and cultural (V.R. Firsov: cognitive, communicative and value-orientational). M.I. Akilina, N.V. Zhadko, N.I. Tulina et al. Proposed their modifications of functions. Given the diversity of points of view on this issue, we offer the classification of the functions of the Children's Library in the following form: socio-pedagogical, information, memorial. These functions belonged to the children's library always, but, in connection with the exacerbating problems of a social character, the spiritual and educational potential of a person comes to the Center for the attention of society, which allows us to talk about the need to actualize the socio-pedagogical function. There is no doubt that the socio-pedagogical function today is of particular importance in the activities of the children's library. Based on the principles of humanism, the library is aimed at helping, supporting the personality of the reader, aims to upbringing, education, human development.
Socio-pedagogical activities of the children's library are implemented through the organization of individual and mass work using various methods and means. As a subject, all readers are the children of various ages, families with certain features that require equal attention to themselves, but a different (individual) approach.
The information function is primarily aimed at meeting reader needs, the enlightenment is aimed at the awakening and formation. This feature is especially important for libraries working with children who, due to the ageal of development, many reader needs or not formed, or not yet conscious. The library is also independently engaged in user learning basics of information culture, culture of reading. According to N.V. Zhadko, the educational function of the library as a social institution, along with the memorial, is a generic, determining the specifics of the library separating it from other social institutions.
As part of the functions of the library, two parts: 1. Social functions caused by the external environment - society; 2. Applied (production) functions defined directly by professionals. If there are different approaches to the classification of social functions, the library has and uniting their beginning: 1. Recognition of a lot (poly) functionality of the library; 2. Recognition of the unequivocalities of all the functions of the library: the allocation of initial unchanged permanent and corresponding modern reality of the library functions.
Library Social Function Groups: Main (Essential). Determine the essence of the library: for which it is created. Include: 1. Cumulative (document collection); 2. Memorial (targeted activities of the library for the formation and preservation of the Document Fund); 3. Communication (multilateral activities of the library to provide users with documents in the form of primary sources or secondary information, contributing to the learning of cultural, intellectual potential, intensifying knowledge of knowledge in society).
Derivatives - as a socio-communicative institution.
1. Basic (type-forming): a) promoting user learning activities; b) promoting the professional productivity of users; c) promoting the scientific activities of users; d) promoting self-educational activities of users and the organization of their leisure. 2. Change: they have a secondary character, their number is not limited, they are most susceptible to change. These include educational, educational, production, recreational (communication, rest), hedonistic (pleasure), ideological, leisure, socializing and other functions.
Children's library is an educational center, cultural and educational and organizational and leisure center.
The library remains almost the only free source of information, the place of admission to the achievements of world culture, the fulfillment of queries related to training, the center of cultural development and the main thing - communication.
The main thing is that the children's library must comply with the interests and requests of the population, be able to fit into existing conditions, anticipate the future and become indispensable by winning the competition with other social institutions. "
Children's library - Children's reading center, child acquisition for reading and competent use of information on all types of its carriers. The most important task of the Children's Library is the formation of information culture and culture of reading, education of a creative critical attitude towards the text, his assimilation and application in life.
Children's library should provide its users with the opportunity to use modern information technology, access to information networks, expand the scope of services in local and remote access modes.
For many years, every library, planning its work, determined the goals and objectives, both short-term and long-term, and the purpose was all library institutions, depending on the contingent of the readers served, the same. Today, "fashionable" began to determine the "mission" of the organization and including the library. But if you understand the concept of "mission", it is very soon to come to the conclusion that this is not a tribute "fashion", not a substitution of one term to others, but a conscious, dictated by time the need to express briefly and at the same time Expical purpose of its library, which distinguishes Its from others. It is the mission that allows you to demonstrate the public than the library may be useful to her, what it seeks what means can and are ready to use to achieve their goals.
Golubeva N. L. In his scientific and methodological manual, "Children's Library: modern problems Development "expressed his opinion on the mission of children's libraries. The mission of children's libraries, in her opinion, is to, using all available resources, provide children with optimal conditions for cultural development, formation and satisfying their educational, communicative and other needs, in other words, create a child's development environment through reading, book and Other types of materials corresponding to its age-age, sociocultural and individual characteristics.
G.A. Kislovskaya, director of the Russian State Children's Library, in his article "Children cannot wait" allocated the main goal of children's libraries - this is the formation and satisfaction of the needs of children in intellectual and spiritual growth, self-education adequacy; the acquisition of children to read, to world and national culture; Promotion of reading and book value; Promoting the integration of children into society socio-cultural environment.
The main tasks of children's libraries were formulated in the document "Concepts of children's library services in Russia."
Each library sets itself the task of creating the necessary conditions for meeting the information needs of its users, while it seeks to create equal rights and opportunities for children of all social sections of society with different intellectual and physical capabilities.
So, the mission-language libraries are to, using all available resources, provide children with optimal conditions for cultural development, formation and satisfying their educational, communicative and other needs, in other words, to create a child's development environment through reading, book and other types of materials, corresponding to its age-age, sociocultural and individual characteristics.
the main goalchildren's libraries - the formation and satisfaction of the needs of children in intellectual and spiritual growth, self-knowledge and self-education; the acquisition of children to read, to world and national culture; Promotion of reading and book value; Promoting the integration of children into a sociocultural environment.
Main goalschildren's libraries:
\u003e Development and self-development of the child;
\u003e Achievement of the "reading standard", that is, the level of reader competence and reader development, which is necessary for the health of the nation, to ensure its intellectual, moral and aesthetic development;
\u003e ensuring openness of the library for all children, creating equal rights and opportunities for children of all social sections of society with different intellectual and physical abilities;
\u003e ensuring the access of a child's user to objective and comprehensive information about the world in an affordable and safe shape for it;
\u003e Implementation of the requirement of information security and the humanistic orientation of electronic products available to children;
Children's library service is part of Library service of the population, it relies on a combination of traditional and newest information technologies in the provision of services.
1.3 Reading as a basic directionchildren's Library
The formation of a human spiritual culture is always carried out through reading. But reading increasingly loses its cultural, educational role in society, turning into a source of information and a means of entertainment.
In our difficult time, child reading as ever needs support. The problem of falling interest in reading is deeply worried about all, and librarians including. In particular, this problem began to speak at the highest level. The President of the Republic of Kazakhstan in his annual message to the people of Kazakhstan repeatedly affects the reading problem.
In the age of information technology, when children are passionate about computers, and because of the high learning load, they do not have enough time to read artistic bookThis particular importance is the work of libraries for the introduction of children to reading.
Children's libraries are becoming defense of children's reading values, try to raise his status, to instill taste to him, support a positive attitude towards reading in children.
Many of the children's libraries created original programs for the admission of children to read, upbringing information culture, finding ways to consistency of reading and modern computer technologies.
All mass work carried out in libraries is aimed at attracting readers to the library, to support and develop love for reading and book. For this purpose, a wide variety of bulk forms are used.
Education in children of reading culture promotes all the activities of the library: its design, talks about books, the system of accessing readers to funds, catalogs system.
Methods and forms of manual reading: conversation, loud reading, told, discussion of books, exhibitions.
Reading tastes, the reader's culture of each person depends largely on the one who has been engaged in reading in childhood, and in this regard, the role of a children's librarian has been increasing.
The guidance role of the librarian is manifested in the selection of those books, of which the child independently chooses what he likes, in the ability to tell about the book so that the reader is interested in it, in setting such questions to him that will help the reader to determine their attitude to the reader. The situation of trust and respect for the child as a reader, regardless of his age, knowledge of the librarian of books, the opportunity to talk to him about reading the conditions that contribute to the manifestation of freedom and simultaneously enable the librarian to fulfill its tasks of the educator, the reading manager.
The librarian is not a simple "extrusion" of books, but the head of his readers. The librarian, together with teachers and parents, carries the full responsibility for the education and education of children, formulating their literary taste. It must carry out a systematic and systematic influence on the formation of the identity of each child, thoughtfully and purposefully select the literature for children's reading, "appetizing" to talk about books, so that the child will come to the library without any coercion, loves the book. Choose a good book, give what is needed - it means sometimes to solve the fate of the child as a reader, to instill a good taste, lay the foundation for its further development.
To solve the task of attracting all children to read, it is necessary to systematically promote the books and library among them and at the same time organize their maintenance so that the library is available to every preschooler and learners.
Pupils of 0-1 classes are mastered by the reading technique gradually. These children are interested in the reading process itself. Most of them want to learn to read, and the librarian needs to support this aspiration. The interests of first-graders have not yet been formed yet, and therefore many of them read everything in a row or choose those books that brighter the cover and drawings.
Interesting is the main principle of working with readers of younger. Playing, the child imperceptibly begins to correctly evaluate the actions of the heroes of books or seeks to master new knowledge for him.
Small readers receive in the library a mandatory minimum skills of cultural and conscious reading, self-selection of books. The necessary skills are related, and the ability to take care of the book.
Speaking of different types of work with readers of younger age, you need to especially emphasize the fruitfulness of such a method as an expressive reading and taking.
The central place in working with children is given to loud reading. Such readings are held regularly at certain days and hours. Reading should be expressive and simple. Systematic reading the most important and affordable materials from newspapers and magazines are involved in junior schoolchildren to use periodicals.
After reading, children love to draw. You can suggest the guys: Draw what you want, or be illustrates of the book. From children's drawings is the exhibition. The exhibitions have a conversation - the content of the book is remembered, drawings are dealt.
Also, conversations about books with children are often held in the form of literary games. For example, passages are read from different fairy tales, they remember their names, the illustrations of the work and its content remember.
First-graders are important to show how many interesting and different books in the library, tell about the books familiar them, call the names of the most famous writers. Be sure to give children the opportunity to see the books themselves, read short stories or poems. Kids get acquainted with the most elementary reading rules, careful attitude to the book, explain how to read to understand the read: to disappear every word, read the book to the end, look at the pictures. It is also necessary to give them the first concepts about reading hygiene: not to read lying in the dark, while eating.
It is necessary to provide the opportunity to children with all the ways to develop their reading and help to form love for books. After all, this is the first step to literacy and learning throughout life. It is necessary to help children understand a huge number of pleasant things that can be obtained from reading.
The formation of a human spiritual culture in Russia has always been considered through reading, book. The Russian historical tradition of family reading shows how great was in society a thrust for spiritual perfection. The book served not only by the source of information, but also food for the soul, heart, the way to communicate with the world, close to human people. Yu. M. Lotman, reflecting on the special moral, spiritual qualities of the "young generals" of the Patriotic War of 1812, explains the fact of an unprecedented "concentration" in Russia of such a number of excellent outwardly and internally, the fact that it was the first generation of readers' children: "In This cultural world was a special childhood. Children not only began to sew children's clothing. Not only cultivated children's games - the children began to read the children very early, the reader gave rise to the child reader. Reading a book out loud, and then an independent children's library - this is the way for which future writers will pass, warriors and politicians .... These children had special childhood - childhood, which creates people, not previously prepared for career, not for service, but for exploits. So in the children's room is created a new psychological type "
Modern studies indicate that the family ceases to be a medium stimulating the child's reading. Lose traditions of family reading. If in the 1970s regularly read children in 80% of families, then at present only 7%. Parents' readiness for children's reading development is directly dependent on their culture level, including pedagogical literacy. For many parents, the lack of understanding of the educational value of children's literature, the goals of managing children in the family, insufficient awareness in the content of children's reading circle, methodical illiteracy.
The main difference between family readings from his other species - extracurricular and home, is that parents, using the book, begin to truly engage in the spiritual development of their child, the formation of its morality. Therefore, family readings are a conversation of parents with children about morality, the incentive stimulus, which is to jointly read the work of literature.
Create conditions for the cognitive activity of the child, to stimulate it, direct his reflections - this is the main task of parents, which is determined by their leading role in organizing family readings. In the process of family readings, both psychological and social functions of communication are implemented. Its participants not only come into contact with each other and identify themselves with each other, but also their spiritual world includes socially significant moral ideas, the source of which serve the phenomena of life reflected in the works of literature. The main one acting person This communication is a child. Parents can only direct his cognitive activity and encourage him to reflect. Children's library can contribute to the formation of new relations in the family with the world, in many respects determining the life path of the child, aware of the family of their cultural, social significance in society.
To assist parents, in the development of this role, the library develops special pedagogical support programs, a children's educational reading program that stimulates the interaction of children and adults.
Family readings are the main path of widespread children to the world of the book. It is in such a context that we see the future of children's libraries - a family reading house.
Recently, family reading traditions have been revived in children's libraries. Working with family can be organized in the conditions of public libraries of any type. Recently, the issue of the need to create special libraries serving family information requests are discussed.
The discovery of family reading libraries aimed at attracting large families, socially unprotected segments of the population, to assist them in raising children, rational organization of free time, reviving family reading traditions.
Directions of the children's library.
Patriotic and spiritualn.equal education.
Patriotic education.Children's libraries play a huge role in the awakening and development of patriotic consciousness, in the formation of personality and in spiritual and moral education of society.
In the activities of libraries aimed at the patriotic education of the younger generation, the following links should be selected:
education of love for the Fatherland and its small homeland (as a rule, this is carried out within the framework of local history classes);
familiarization in a living, interesting form with the history of our state, including the military-patriotic aspect;
legal education of schoolchildren in the conditions of a children's library.
Assistance in education in children and adolescents of love for their native land, to the language of their people, its traditions, culture, respect for the language and culture of other peoples, desire for creating aimed at the prosperity of the country, to protect it from all forms of destruction - has become one of the priority Directions in the work of children's libraries.
The system of work on the patriotic education of young people in the children's and youth libraries of our country began to form in the distant 70s of the last century. In 1979, the central headquarters of the All-Union hike in places of the revolutionary, combat and labor glory of the Soviet people and the editors of the Library magazine announced a competition for the best organization of military-patriotic education of a young generation. He was held under the motto - "There is to be in line!" - and consisted of a wide variety of shares and events. Literary evenings were held from the cycle "and courage as a banner carried", dedicated to writers and poets who died at the fronts of the Great Patriotic War; Bibliography Day - "On War, about comrades, about yourself"; The lesson of courage - "They are left forever" (about the Komsomol members of the Great Patriotic War; the evening of questions and answers to the readers of this age with the specialists of the military departments.
Unfortunately, starting from the mid-1980s. and up to mid-1990s. It became "indecent" to talk about patriotism. His spirit was practically expelled from the propaganda of moral values, the media, systems educational work with the younger generation, in general from the spiritual life of society. The words "Motherland" and "Fatherland" began to go out of use. They were replaced by uninterrupted - alternative - "our homeland". It must be rightfully noted that all this happened not without the efforts of the Russian intelligentsia. The country turned out to be split on the accused and prosecutors, spoken up and those who smoked, repressed and those who repressed. Centers created in the Russian culture and the formation of the tradition of patriotic education were substantial revision.
The rejunction of the epoch was occurred, and liberal universal values \u200b\u200bwere exalted at all angles. At the same time, the memory of the past is the cornerstone in the formation of the worldview and the value world of a young citizen of Russia - was discarded on the side of the entire system of educational work. Education and culture institutions less often carry out the lessons of courage, the watches of the fallen heroes, meetings with veterans of war and labor - all those events, thanks to which the patriotic feelings are awakened, and the historical consciousness is formed, and with him and love for Fatherland. Fortunately, all this returned to the practice of children's library libraries.
Looking through the methodological materials on the library service of the population of the late 1980s - early 1990s, you can see the semantic and ideological vacuum in terms of military-patriotic education of young people.
The heroic and patriotic education of young people in children's and youth libraries after adoption was truly activated. Federal program "Patriotic upbringing of Russian citizens for 2001-2005."
In the upbringing of a sense of love for a small and large homeland, a special role belongs military history, in contact with which the younger generation is attached to the rated feat of the people, learns to serve the Fatherland on heroic examples from the life of great ancestors.
Today, patriotic education is a comprehensive system that includes a large number of directions and fields of activity. It contains not only social, but also spiritual and moral, cultural and historical, military-historical, ideological components.
The main objectives of this system are the development of the younger generation of citizenship and patriotism as essential spiritual and moral and social values, the formation of professionally significant qualities, skills and readiness for their active manifestation in various spheres of society. What can make a library in this direction?
First of all, it is to find the way to the heart of the child through the book. To do this, the library creates a special environment that encourages children to communicate, creativity, activities. At the heart of work on the creation of such an environment, pedagogy of cooperation and the creation of children and adults, freedom of choice, which offers the participants of this process of the library, using various forms of library work. So, for each direction of the system of patriotic education in libraries, traditional exhibitions of books and other printed products are drawn up, which, as they are added, are complemented by reference and documentary materials.
One of the directions of education of the Patriot and a citizen is to work on the study of the state symbolism of Russia, Kazakhstan, the explanation of the essence and importance of state symbols of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation - the coat of arms, flag and the hymn. The libraries are drawn up special shelves in this direction ("Symbols of the Fatherland"), on which books and brochures are presented, publishing from periodic publications And methodological recommendations for clarifying state symbols are given samples of symbols of Russia, materials from their history and modern life.
Such publications not only attract the attention of young readers, but also help educators in the classrooms of citizenship of other educational activities using government symbols.
It is gratifying that patriotism today becomes a decisive spiritual and moral factor in the preservation of social stability, independence and security of the state. That is why one of the priorities of the program of patriotic education is the formation of historical consciousness.
Great propaganda and educational work in this direction is carried out by all libraries working with children. It unites a set of events aimed at deepening the knowledge of the historical past of our homeland, national traditions, customs, culture and art.
So, the library them. S. Bealen (Kazakhstan) gives readers, starting from their early age, knowledge of state symbolism, the Constitution, the rights and obligations of citizens of the republic.
On the history of the native republic, the formation of Kazakhstan as an independent state, about the culture of interethnic relations, the guys will learn from the events "We are the people of Kazakhstan", "no memory there is no future", "Know Kazakhstan" and others. With constant interest, young readers are involved in travel games in Kazakhstan, literary contestsdevoted to national holidays and significant dates.
Regional science.Local history can be viewed as one of the leading components of the system of patriotic education of children and young people. Appeal to archival documents, materials of local history museums, periodicals, local residents of information about a relatively recent past - all this helps to know the history of the native land, to love its nature, understand those life processes, cultural traditions, which lived and his population lived
The revival of library location today is caused by the unprecedented rise in national self-consciousness. Recognition of universal priorities Library regional science is able to fill in people the moral process, which is currently talking about, morality is vaccinated with love for the household.
Localia traditionally is one of the directions of library activities.
Local history literature is the entire product of the print relating to the edge of the content, regardless of the place of publication and language. Local history literature is a diversified. It is represented necessary for the study of local edge: physical and economic geography, geology, dialectics, art history, history, ethnography. Information about the area, city, village may be present in the creations of various types in scientific, popular science and reference literature. We must not forget in this connection about the works of fiction dedicated to the region.
To support the interest of children to local lore knowledge, introduce reading books in the "Circle of Leisure", children's libraries actively use club forms of work. Many children's libraries have developed and actively implement their author's programs for local history, history, environmental education, legal and aesthetic education. So, for example, at the Schcherbak Central Children's Library, the Otan Club was created. The club program is focused on educational local history activities, to develop the cognitive interest of children and adolescents to their "small homeland". In "Otan" received further development Work on the collection and organization of the Fund of Local Lore documents. It became more interesting for the design and diverse on the content of the local history mini-museum of the Children's Library, including thematic folders, handwritten albums, creative works of children, materials of local locations with unique facts and information about Shcherbaktinsky district.
Promotion of environmental knowledge.Today, the need for information and new ways to solve environmental problems Acrony increases, so environmental education is one of the priority directions in working with children in libraries. Before each library is the task of creating an information base for environmental issues, the formation of the Fund with the necessary literature and periodicals, the creation of a reference bibliographic apparatus. Both ecological education begins with a careful attitude towards nature and environmental education - from the youngest age. To teach the guys to love and protect the world around the world help new books on the problems of ecology and numerous periodicals. Reveal the Fund of Ecology Literature allow book exhibitions, thematic shelves.
Today, the solution of environmental problems becomes primary importance for all mankind. Understanding that the ecological education of the younger generation is patriotically, in children's libraries, in addition to various events, whole series are developed. methodological materialsFor example, such as the "library and environmental education of children and adolescents", consisting of issues: "This fragile planet", "legal" walk or environmental law "," Water - the beauty of all of nature "," How beautiful this world "," Want to know how the city lives. "
Promotion of legal knowledge.In the era of continuous self-education, the developed culture of reading, information literacy becomes especially important, that is, the ability to find and critically evaluate information. Therefore, attention to the problems of legal education of children is explained by two main reasons: the need to consider legal education as a continuous and systematic process during the entire period of school learning and the degree of learning of elementary legal knowledge, skills and skills in the most favorable period of emotional interaction of a child with societies.
That is why librarians of children's libraries carry out various forms of mass work in this direction: conversations and explanations of the content of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, library lessons on the basics of legal knowledge and MN. Dr.
In the course of such events, students not only learn the society in which they live, but also aware of the rights and obligations of a citizen of Russia, they see in their respect the most important condition for their civil development.
In the Children's Office of the OUNB. S. Toraigyrov (Kazakhstan) opened the Information Center "Legal Planet". When developing a course, the librarian proceeded from the specific goals of civilian education and the general provisions on the first stage school, which is designed to provide the initial stage of the formation of a socially active personality. Crimping is one of the stages of improving the legal training of the future citizen of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The course was designed for studying in 1-4 CB. initial general education school and put certain goals:
inform younger schoolchildren elementary information about the Republic of Kazakhstan as a Legal State;
to form a sense of citizenship and patriotism in the process of cognitive, socio-political, labor, etc. Affairs activities;
to teach responsibly to fulfill the laws of society, to properly use their rights and freedoms;
develop the criticalness of thinking, the ability to foresee the consequences of their behavior.
This also developed a program of activities called "legal culture to children." Each event is built on moral categories, and first of all, in respect. Not only to human rights, but also to work, to the history of the state, property, personal life, the age of a person and to a lot. The actual material is outlined in an affordable and interesting form. Accounting for a psychological aspect in training involves the active use of emotional ways to influence the human awareness. Classes are built on the basis of an active approach to learning. Children receive not only theoretical training, but also involved in legal practice - participate in the protection of law enforcement, prevention of offenses, and school duty, etc.
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Director of Duvan CBS
Bulatova L.A.
Monitovskaya District Children's Library
MBUK "MCMB" Duvan district for 2015
Monthovovo 2015.
1. The checks and tasks of children's Libraries of the CBS ........................ .. ... .................. 3
2.Bibliotechnoe child care ............................... ............... ..4
3.Pokazateli of children's library .............................. .5-7
Analysis of relative and quantitative indicators ......... ............. 7-8
The main directions of work of children's libraries:
Patriotic and legal education of personality, working with difficult children ...... .. .........................................................................................
- moral and aesthetic identity development ............................20-26
-kraevedcheskaya activities of libraries .................................. ... 27-30
- work with children in the summer ..................... ... ..................... ..30-34
- Book - Family - Library ........ ............... .................................... ..... 34-36
-k, the culture .................................................................. 36-38
-ekologiya .............................................................................. 38-40
Resources of children's libraries
A. Bible Funds. Options Movement: arrival and disposal. The degree of updating funds. Fund of periodicals, items, copies for children. Organization of the Fund ......... ... 40-42
B. Informatization and electronic resources of children's libraries ............................................................................................ .. ... 42
V. Material-technical base. Building. Occupied
premises ........................................................................ ... ...... .43
G. Personnel of children's libraries ................................................ .. ... ..43
6. Informational bibliographic activity ............... ...... 44-45
7. The scientific and methodological and research work ......... ..45-50
8. Analysis of the library service of the children's population in the municipal district. Conclusions and suggestions ........................ ... 50-51
Appendix № 1 - "Passport MRDB" ........................ ...................... 52-55
Appendix No. 2- "Passport of the Duvan Children's Library" ..........56-59
Appendix No. 3-
Appendix No. 4 -
Objectives and objectives of Children's Libraries of the CBS.
Tasks dictated the most important events In the life of the country:
Support and propaganda reading, as an essential element of culture, source
spiritual education, intellectual enrichment and creative activity of the younger generation.
To seek to increase the status of a book and reading, libraries in society, in a family, among various categories and young people, disabled children, children from low-income families, difficult adolescents, not reading, etc.
To form interest in reading, as an amazing creative process, detecting reader preferences, the development of literary and artistic creativity of children and young people.
Accustom to visiting libraries, starting with kindergarten and first grade, as well as through their parents. Created in the library atmosphere of cooperation between librarians, teachers, children and their parents.
Celebrated the activities of the "Year of Literature".
Tasks dictated by events in the life of the Republic, the area:
Actively use rods of folk culture, identity, wisdom of their people.
Railing to national self-consciousness from its readers, promoting the books of Bashkir writers, books about the native land, his history, modern situation.
Tasks caused by the features of the library's work:
They continued to work on studying, cleaning the fund, its safety.
We used in subscriptions and kept them working on card indexes and catalogs and use them effectively in their work.
Foster a culture of students' reading, updated library lessons on the program "Fundamentals of bibliographic knowledge."
Completed the fund of the best literature on leading topics and areas of work.
100% of children coverage with library service and at least 60% of systematic reading.
Actively worked with a large group of readers - future teachers and educators studying in a pedagogical college.
Worked with readers - parents to help the upbringing of the child of the reader.
Welcome to the library, highlighting its local printing, on the Children's Library of the Monthly Library page "in Contact".
In Russia, there is a wide network of publicly available libraries, free for users. It is this social institution that is the most powerful and efficient support for the reading of the population, including the younger generation.
Legislative bodies at all levels form the legal basis of the activities of libraries, ensuring the rights of people to access information. Thus, the right of children to library services in the libraries of various types, including, and in the specialized children's libraries, is enshrined in the Federal Law "On Libraries" (1994) and is reflected in many regional laws.
Library (Greek bibliothzkz from biblion -. Book and thzkz - vault) - cultural and educational, scientific and auxiliary institution organizing public use printing works. Libraries are systematically engaged in collecting, storing and issuing printers of printing, as well as information and bibliographic work.
Children's library - an out-of-school institution, whose work is aimed at raising children and adolescents, assisting students in the deep assimilation of the basics of sciences, to raise the culture of reading. The readers of the Children's Library are mainly students of 1-8 grades (7-14 years old) and preschoolers who can read, as well as child reading leaders. Funds of the Children's Library, Complemented, taking into account the age characteristics of readers, contain social and political, popular, artistic literature, reference editions, children's magazines and newspapers, records, diapilms and diapositives, as well as scientific and methodological literature and bibliographic editions for children's reading leaders .
Children's libraries serve readers differentiated; Particular attention is paid to individual work with each reader. The paper uses various forms and methods: exhibitions, conversations, open readers access to bookpinels, discussions of books, literary matinees and evenings, meetings with writers, reader conferences, literary games, reviewers, friends of books, etc.
The first children's libraries in Russia began to be created in the second half of the XIX century. On the means of pedagogical and cultural and educational societies, individuals (library in Kronstadt for children of sailors, Berdnikova library in Moscow, Children's library in St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Perm, Chisinau, Odessa, etc.). After the victory of the October Revolution, independent children's libraries are used everywhere as a socialist library type.
One of the initiators of the organization of this type of libraries was N. K. Krupskaya. She developed the principles of library services for children, the selection of books, the relationship of children's and school libraries. During the years of Soviet power, the network of children's libraries continuously grew. On January 1, 1971, 6498 children's libraries were numbered in the USSR. In addition, the children served by school libraries and children's departments of public libraries for adults, children's libraries which provide methodological assistance. Republican and regional children's libraries issued recommendation bibliographic signs for children and leaders of children's reading, methodological literature, conducted information and reference and bibliographic work. All-Union Center methodical assistance was USSR State Library named after Lenin.
The reader's development of school-age children began to attract the attention of specialists from the very beginning of the activities of independent children's libraries. The emergence of specialized libraries for children testified to the creation of prerequisites for the conceptual understanding of their activities as read centers. On formation theoretical foundations Guidelines for reading children in the library and family have a significant impact of work, in the field of literature bibliography for children - signs F.G. Toll (1869), A.E.flerova (1905), M.V. Sobolev (1903) and other publications.
A kind of center of library-bibliographic work was a children's library M.V. Berdnikova in Moscow. The activities of this library had a great influence on the development of the theory and methods of manual reading.
In accordance with the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Library Business", children have the right to enjoy public, specialized children and school libraries. Specialized children's libraries can be:
State libraries with the status of a legal entity: republican, regional, regional children's and children's libraries (hereinafter referred to as the Central Regional Libraries);
Municipal Libraries with the status of a legal entity (Central Library and Branches);
Structural units (branches, departments) of other libraries and library systems, mainly public.
The network of children's libraries of Russia allows you to organize a system of library service of children at all levels: from the federal to the level of the rural settlement.
In the culture industry, the following models have been operating:
1. The federal level.
Federal State Institution of Culture - Russian State Children's Library - forms, Stores and provides users with the most complete assembly of domestic and foreign literature for kids; is a research, scientific and methodological and information center on the problems of children's reading and library service of children in the Russian Federation.
Main users: Children and children's reading leaders; Children's libraries of constituent entities of the Russian Federation; central libraries of municipal children's systems; Other libraries serving children.
Main tasks: providing Russian libraries serving children, scientific and methodical assistance; conducting research in the field of children's reading, information needs of users and library services for children; coordination of the work of children's libraries of Russia; Developing new forms of children's library services.
The Russian State Children's Library is a legal entity, acts in accordance with the Charter approved by the founder - the Government of the Russian Federation.
2. The level of the subject of the Russian Federation.
Republican, regional and regional children's and children and youth libraries. Main users - Children, reading executives, children's and other libraries serving children.
All children's libraries of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in accordance with the federal and regional laws on librarians perform the functions of the central libraries:
Formation, storage and provision of users most complete assembly literature for children and adolescents within the service area;
Organization of mutual use of library resources;
Providing methodological assistance to all libraries in the region serving children, conducting research in the field of children's reading.
The central children's libraries of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation must position themselves as genuine research centers for the study of children's reading and children's literature, the centers of monitoring the library service of children and the dissemination of reading among the children's population; centers coordinating the activities of various institutions and organizations involved in child reading problems; As an information base for the authorities in order to develop an optimal childhood policy.
The main tasks of the Central Children's (Children's Youth) Library of the Subject of the Russian Federation:
Search and approbation of new forms of user service;
Carrying out major regional shares on the dissemination of a book and reading;
Full formation of a fund, including publication in various formats and on various media of information, its regular update and provision;
Preservation and development of a unified library service system of the children's population, scientific and methodical support;
Conducting research in the field of children's reading and information needs of users;
Introduction of new information technologies into the organization of reference and library and library - information services in the region;
Strengthening and developing corporate and interdepartmental ties.
3. Municipal level.
Municipal children's libraries, municipal systems of children's libraries (MSDB), municipal children and youth libraries, associations of children's and school libraries, which have the status of a legal entity.
Main goals:
Organization of library services for children in accordance with their age and psychological characteristics; Creating a child's personality development environment that promotes the satisfaction of its educational needs; organization of leisure and communication, as well as library service of read executives;
Formation of the Foundation for Literature for Children and Children's Personal Leaders, including documents in various formats and on various media information: books, periodicals, audiovisual and electronic documents;
Preservation and development at the municipal level of a unified library service system of the children's population.
Municipal children's libraries are serviced by the children's population of the territory, have the opportunity to provide all library services, conducting various advocacy and reading activities. Their development should go along the way to strengthen independence, informatization of all processes, including in corporate and local urban interdepartmental information systems, the establishment of intersystem and interdepartmental exchange of documents and information, coordination and cooperation of MDBS activities with public and school libraries of the city, other agencies and organizations.
"Guidelines for children's libraries" (hereinafter referred to as management) contains basic principles, provisions, regulations and rules for organizing publicly available libraries serving children; The indicators of their activities (at the federal, regional and municipal levels), which are recommended by the Russian Library Association (RBA) in order to preserve, develop and improve the library service of children in the Russian Federation.
Modern Children's Library, implements a mission of support and presenting the experience of a new generation of children to culture in society. In the system of institutions for children, the children's library confirms its uniqueness in solving the problem that I.S. Kone represents both the problem of continuity and renewal of culture, the problem of the interhematic transmission of culture. Reading is one of the activities of the child, ensuring its development, education, socialization. The history of children's reading is equally, the history of attitudes towards the reading child is the history of the interaction of children and adults in culture.
Children's library as a form of collective memory preserves and creates a system of transmitting traditions to new generations. Along with this, the children's library acts in the modern cultural situation of the presentation environment of the activities of new leaders of culture - children. Children's library as a lively, developing organism is complicated in order to become not only an adaptive, but also an innovative environment. Children need an open plastic sphere, where there is the possibility of independence, freedom and creativity. Children's library not only offers valuable selection models, but also creates conditions for experimenting in mastering new ways to interact with the outside world.
Currently, children's libraries attract children and adolescents. First of all, they provide information, including the information of the secondary documentary level. Print sources contained in universal public library funds provide a wide selection of authors, types and types of publications. They provide a versatile reading. The library is the only non-commissioned institution, designed and able to represent interested (through the materials available) various points of view, various approaches, theories, concepts, view systems for a particular subject, phenomenon, event. In this (library), if you can say that, pluralistic essence.
Libraries not only provide users with information about books and other printed (and not only) materials. Having modern means of searching and delivering information, as well as a professional ability to carry out this search with simultaneous analysis and selection, they have long been doing this not only on the basis of their fund. One of the main directions of the work of each children's library is assistance in the formation of the information and library-bibliographic culture of the reader. Organization of the Fund, a reference and search apparatus, consulting support not only in the search, but also in mastering information - everything is directed to the fact that the foundation is laid competent work With a book, with text, starting with the awareness of the purpose of reading and correlating with it, the method of using information. This is the work of strategic importance, it is aimed at preserving the traditions of the book culture of our society. Development libraries of new information technologies, providing access users with access to electronic catalog, Documents on electronic media (encyclopedias, educational programs, etc.) makes a modern library especially attractive for a child and a teenager.
Children's libraries use a variety of methods of attracting attention to the book, to reading with sexual age, as well as the individual characteristics of their visitors, adapting sometimes school, and club forms of work.
Among the most significant measures to disseminate a book and reading, to help the formation of the reader's culture of children and adolescents should be called:
· Annual holidays for young readers of the "Children's Book Week", within which meetings are held with writers and illustrator artists, journalists and publishers, presentations of new books and magazines;
· National and international exhibitions of the children's book;
· Exhibitions of artists of the children's book;
· Reading contests, conferences, expert tournaments; Programs for supporting children's literary creativity: literary and artistic studios, mugs of young illustrators, unification of young journalists; contests for the best handwritten book, etc.;
· Programs to attract other social institutions (families, schools) and the population to solve the problems of distributing reading in the environment of our younger citizens. For example, the original project of the Rostov Regional Children's Library "Book Culture Volunteers".
The library should not fulfill the functions of the literary archive only for a narrow circle of specialists and readers, so rare documents are archived in electronic form (photography, manuscripts, relics), the scripts are transmitted to Tsagali and or return to the writer's personal archive. Full-text documents (stories, memories, certificates), audio materials (transmission on radio, interviews), photo documents, copies of manuscripts are received.
The Children's Library Foundation is universal. The children's library provides access to a wide range of documents in a variety of formats (books, periodics, audio-video documentation, electronic documents, CD-ROMs, DVDs, databases, including the Internet databases). It should be presented, along with documents, educational games and toys. The documentary fund of the Children's Library is obliged to meet the criteria for the selection of the highest quality literature and other documents for children and at the same time reflect the diversity of opinions, points of view that have been in society. The Children's Library Foundation should not have materials that promote hostility, violence, cruelty, pornography. Selection criteria are formulated and recorded in the regulatory documents of each library. These criteria are produced on the basis of these letter of recommendation bibliography, literary criticism, recommendations of specialists in the field of children's reading and children's literature, taking into account the opinion of the members of the Board of Completion of each library. The main criterion for the formation of funds of children's libraries is to comply with the needs of a growing personality, ensuring its intellectual, spiritual, educational and other requests.
The development of the modern children's library is impossible without interaction with children. The purpose of such mutual influence is the creation of space, where the independence of creative behavior will be conjugaten with the development of the already created images of the world and the choice of new methods of world production. Children and adolescents are needed by the environment of contemplation and consciousness of such creativity, the environment, where communication with peers and adults navigates development. The space of the children's library opens the child as a cultural leader, creates a starting position for him for mastering and assigning events in culture. These properties allow you to show a unique nature of the children's library as events in modern culture.
Children's library is at the same time space "between" a schoolboy and a culture that ensures their interaction. The space accumulating the consequences of the schoolchild activity in culture. Space by schoolboy its value as a cultural figure in the process of generating ideas about themselves, producing meanings.
We use the definition given by P. Florensky "space - not only a uniform structureless place, not a simple graph, but itself - a peculiar reality, through an organized, having an internal orderliness and structure."
The space of the children's library is the reality of the fundamental culture stored for a new generation in books and electronic publications. An episode or system of interaction with this reality creates areas for reproductive or creative activities of children in culture.
Modern children's library to be a medium of children's adoption - actors (subjects) of society, is comprehended as a modern institution acting in culture. The conditions for the interaction of the child with the culture and the conditions of its perception have changed, so the children's library today attracts attention to the peculiarity of the situation, it seeks to settle down on the border of different types of cultures. At the same time, as an open and plastic system, allows you to detect modern baby "Points" of transition, flow, coexistence and conflict between cultures and their subjects. The schoolboy, reading and unquident, in the space of the children's library is experiencing experienced dialogue in culture, which is especially important in the transition period.
Children's library, accepts ideas of a new generation of readers, creates conditions for their embodiment, development, reflects their importance.
So, the modernity of the children's library allows us to argue about two important aspects of its activities. Creation and preservation in the children's library of cultural heritage and presenting it on different carriers (audio, video, electronic and books) in the system of modern values. The library stores, preserves and simultaneously explects through a certain flow of events in culture. Along with this, models new interaction systems with electronic media and in an electronic environment, at the same time promoting priorities of attitudes towards book publications. Children's library is ready to adopt and support the experience of the world's contemporary child developing in different conditions.
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