Social Studies. The exam in social studies: we analyze the tasks with the teacher Task 5 exam in social studies

The USE in social studies is the most popular elective exam after the compulsory USE in mathematics and Russian. According to data from past years, social studies were chosen by more than half of the graduates, and in 2013 69.3% passed it! And at the same time it is one of the most difficult. In that year of the exam in social studies, 5.3% of graduates did not pass, and this is about 25 thousand people! What is the reason for this failure?

Five pitfalls of social science

There is a common misconception among alumni that social studies is one of the easiest subjects... Many of them are sure that it is really possible to "blab something" about him. This is the first trap of social science. Pupils draw on their experience of oral answers in the classroom, where you can really say a lot, and the teacher himself will isolate the correct answer from what has been said. On the Unified State Exam, where even the detailed answers of Part C consist of only a few sentences, it is impossible to "chat", but you need to give clear answers.

And here we have before us the second trap of social science: knowledge of terminology and the ability to operate it... If the terminology can be learned, then the ability to operate it requires skill logical thinking: ability to compare and analyze. And this means that the Unified State Exam in Social Studies, to a greater extent than any other exam, involves not a simple reproduction of memorized material, but its "dissection", which is much more difficult.

The Unified State Exam in Social Studies is a real integral exam: it includes five topics related to different sciences: economics, law, philosophy, sociology and political science. Each science has its own conceptual apparatus: terminology, approaches to assessment and analysis. This is the third trap - the student needs to master all the terminology and logic of each of the five sciences. The complexity of the exam in social studies is that, unlike, for example, mathematics, where geometric problems take a clear place in the structure of the exam, the question for comparison can be both in the topic of economics and sociology. Consequently, the student must, first of all, determine what discipline he is dealing with, and then "turn on" the necessary conceptual apparatus.

The Unified State Exam in Social Studies is taken in many specialties - in economics, jurisprudence, public administration, architecture, customs, logistics and other specialties of the humanitarian and socio-economic profile.

When preparing for the exam in social studies, it is difficult to avoid the fourth trap: numerous textbooks and manuals... Some of them, unfortunately, are not always conscientious and can do a disservice. It is best to take two basic textbooks as a basis - Kravchenko and Bogolyubov, which are used in most schools. However, it should be borne in mind that schools can use textbooks of different years, and FIPI in its development of the Unified State Exam relies on the latest editions.

The fifth trap exam — not enough hours, which is assigned to this subject at school. This is primarily due to the paradoxes of development Russian education... As it improves, the Unified State Exam in Social Studies becomes more complicated, and at this time at school, there is a departure from the profile study of this subject. And this despite the fact that it is in demand in more than 30% humanitarian universities... Today social science in school curriculum exists only as a basic subject, which is given only one hour per week.

How do you avoid the pitfalls and turn them into pluses in preparation?

Here are five specific advice, which is given to eleventh graders by Maxim Sigal, head of the teaching department from training center MAXIMUM in preparation for the exam:

"Do not underestimate this exam. Many students regard social studies as something very simple, where you can hardly prepare, but simply give answers in logic - this is definitely wrong!"

First pitfall: when choosing this subject, objectively assess your knowledge. Treat social studies as an exact science.

Second trap: learn terminology and practice thinking logically. All types of assignments are described in the materials of the FIPI. Search for answers to questions, find out what exactly is required in this answer and how each answer is scored. In the extended tasks, specify how much you need to write to answer each question.

Third pitfall: learn to distinguish between the terminology of each of the five disciplines included in the exam in social studies. When answering, the first thing to do is determine the discipline that will have to be dealt with.

The fourth trap: be careful when choosing aids for preparing for the exam in social studies: a number of them use unused terminology and concepts. Consider the changes that have been made to the USE-2014 compared to 2013, namely:

1. Complicated task B5. The total number of judgments given in the condition of the assignment increases from 4 to 5. It is necessary to distribute them into three, instead of the previous two, groups of judgments: facts, estimates, theoretical statements. It is very easy to get confused here in evaluations and theoretical statements. It should be remembered that theory is learned knowledge, and judgment is one's own opinion.
2. The topics suggested for writing essays are grouped into five blocks instead of the previous six. Topics disclosed taking into account the provisions of sociology and social psychology are now included in one general direction. This makes it easier to write an assignment on this topic, since the line between the terminology of these two disciplines is not always distinguishable.
3. You can get a maximum of 5 points for an essay. It is important to remember here that if the meaning of the statement is not revealed, then the work is simply not checked. Additional points are given for providing a theoretical justification, and the highest - for factual argumentation.

Fifth trap: an insufficient number of hours can be compensated for with only one - additional training to the Unified State Exam in Social Studies at the correctly and timely chosen courses.

Many parents will be horrified after reading this material. It is so difficult and takes time and diligence to prepare! But is it worth it to be scared, because we all want to teach our children the ability to independently reason and think logically. Often accusations are made against the Unified State Exam: this exam format, they say, "fools" children, forcing teachers, instead of transferring knowledge, to engage in "coaching" for the exam. We don't like that, do we? So we must be glad that with the Unified State Exam in Social Studies, the opposite is true - in the process of preparing for it, children learn to think and use the knowledge they have acquired. Is this not what most parents aspire to?

Task B5

Completing the tasks of group B requires from graduates not only theoretical knowledge, but also the ability to transform them, correctly use concepts in a certain semantic context, classify concepts, relate them to each other. Let us turn to the most typical tasks from this point of view.

Task B5 contains as a condition a small set of interrelated judgments. Graduates are tested for their ability to distinguish between objective statements and subjective-evaluative components in any messages of a social orientation.
Correct performance of this task is assessed as follows: complete correct performance of the task - 2 points; completion of the task with one error (one incorrectly indicated symbol) or incomplete completion of the task (the absence of one symbol with the correct specified other symbols) - 1 point; incorrect performance of the task (if two or more erroneous characters are indicated) - 0 points. Each task in part 2 is considered completed correctly if the correct answer is written in the form indicated in the instructions for completing the task.

What is the specificity of assignments to determine value, factual judgments and the nature of theoretical statements?

Read the text below, each position marked with a specific letter.
(A) Normal is a product whose demand increases as buyers' income rises. (B) It is quite natural that the population strives to purchase more high-quality food, clothing, household appliances, and cars. (C) Poor-quality goods are bought more if the income of the population falls, and the population refuses to purchase them as income rises. (D) So, with an increase in consumer income, they are less likely to repair clothes and shoes, preferring to buy new ones, and refuse from cheap and not very high-quality food products. (E) This pattern was investigated by the German economist Ernst Engel.

Determine which positions of the text have:
1) factual nature;
2) the nature of value judgments;
3) the nature of theoretical statements.

Let's try to figure out which judgments are factual, which are evaluative, and which statements are theoretical.
The word "fact" comes from the Latin faktum - "done, accomplished."
Fact is knowledge in the form of a statement, the validity of which is rigorously established. Facts form empirical basis knowledge. Actual judgment fixes real fact, the phenomenon of an already held reality, which took place in real time... Factual judgments cannot be challenged.

Science distinguishes between three types of social facts:

Actions, actions of people, individuals or large social groups. Products of human activity (material and spiritual).
Verbal (verbal) actions: opinions, judgments, assessments. Examples of such social facts can be: the passage of Suvorov through the Alps, the pyramid of Cheops, the words spoken by Archimedes: "Give me a fulcrum and I will move the globe."

So, the factual nature is those events that actually happened and are only material for further analysis, further value judgments. For example, the text states “with the growth of consumer income, they repair clothes and shoes less often, preferring to buy new ones, and refuse from cheap and not very high-quality food products”. The regulation does not give any assessments. The same is true in the sentence - "this pattern was investigated by the German economist Ernst Engel" - a fact is stated.

Therefore, in our example, the position of the factual nature will be judgments (D) and (E).

The scientific explanation of the fact is also associated with its assessment. A person who cognizes social phenomena cannot be indifferent to the facts being studied, he develops his own attitude towards them, positive or negative, that is, he evaluates events in one way or another. Judgments (statement, opinion about a certain fact, subject, phenomenon), evaluative, express the attitude to facts, evaluate their meaning. These judgments can include both a purely evaluative component ("bad", "good", "immoral", etc.), and an attitude to the phenomenon in a broader sense, an explanation of its causes from one's own position or an assessment of its impact on other phenomena ("can be explained", "is an example", etc.). As a rule, the value judgment in the text contains the following phrases: “In our opinion”, “in your opinion”, “from our point of view”, “apparently”, “considered”, “imagined”, “as stated”, “as he said”, “as noted” etc. Therefore, one should carefully analyze the positions of the text presented in the task, mentally correlating them with a social fact or value judgment.

Analyzing the above text, we can conclude that provision (B) is of an evaluative nature.

So, facts form the empirical basis of knowledge. A scientifically established fact is the basis of science, it is recognized as a given, as an immutable truth (one of the meanings of the word “fact” is “true knowledge”). Whereas explanations of facts, attitudes towards them, assessments of their role may be different.

To complete such tasks, many reference books recommend using the following recommendations:

Theoretical statement- this is such an initial statement of the unified general theory or such a statement, deduced in the process of consistent reasoning from the previously established statements of this theory, which does not contradict all the adjacent initial and inferential statements of the unified general theory.

Examples of tasks B5

№1. Read the text below, each position is indicated by a specific letter... (A) B modern society situations arise when a person consciously participates in various cultural traditions. (B) Obviously, they are associated with population migration, modernization. (C) The consequence can be psychological splitting, the formation of a "split" type of personality. (D) Sociologists call the position of such a person marginal. (E) The danger of a marginal position is the impact on a person of conflicting norms of values.

№ 2.
(A) A group of scientists led by A. Peccei organized the so-called Club of Rome - an international non-governmental organization whose purpose is to study the problems of the modern world. (B) Uncontrolled population growth, ecological problems, modern achievements science and technology have posed the problem of assessing the direction of the quality of social progress. (B) Aggravation global problems testifies, in our opinion, of a crisis modern civilization... (D) At the same time, we admit that attempts to resolve global problems strengthen the unity of countries and peoples. (E) Experts from different countries take part in the work of the Club of Rome.

№ 3. Read the text below, each position marked with a specific letter.
(A) Sociologists identify several factors of social mobility. (B) Some of them are objective - the state regime, socio-economic and political situation in society, modernization processes. (C) Some factors are associated with the activity of the personality itself - the level of education, career, etc. (D) But no matter how external circumstances develop, individual mobility is obviously determined by the level of aspirations and the activity of a person. (D) In ​​modern society, a person probably has every chance to realize himself, to achieve a high social status.

№ 4. Read the text below, each position marked with a specific letter.
(A) Ivan successfully passed the interview when applying for a job as a lawyer. (B) But the employer refused to conclude with him labor contract after learning that he was 48 years old. (B) The advertised vacancy did not specifically specify the age of the applicant. (D) It would be correct for Ivan to appeal this decision in court. (E) Labor disputes are considered by courts of general jurisdiction in the framework of civil proceedings.

№ 5.
(A) Global problems of the modern world threaten the survival of humanity as a biological species. (B) Downplaying the danger of a new world war in modern conditions unjustifiably. (B) According to official data, there are about 70 thousand units on Earth nuclear weapons... (D) Calculations show that this arsenal is capable of completely destroying life on the planet. (E) We believe that an appeal to the world community with a call for disarmament is extremely necessary.

№ 6. Read the text below, each position marked with a specific letter.
(A) The family as a social institution provides reproduction and primary socialization of new generations. (B) The study involved 1503 people - boys and girls over 18 years old. (C) They were asked various questions: about marriage, divorce and raising children. (D) Every second respondent stated that early marriages often end in divorce. (E) In our opinion, such marriages destabilize society and exacerbate the crisis of family values.

№ 7. Read the text below, each position marked with a specific letter.
(A) The emergence of family legal relations is associated with the official registration of marriage in the manner prescribed by law. (B) The adults Ivan and Natalya came to the registry office to submit an application for state registration of marriage. (C) The registry office officer refused to accept this statement because Ivan was declared legally incompetent by the court. (D) Natalya, who knew about this and was guided by the desire to register in Ivan's apartment, acted immorally. (E) Ivan's guardians should keep an eye on him. № 8. Read the text below, each position marked with a specific letter.
(A) The middle class in modern Western societies is the largest part of society. (B) Apparently, it is impossible to single out a single, universal criterion for belonging to the middle class. (C) Income level, consumption standards, education level, and ability to skilled labor are used as criteria. (D) The middle class includes small entrepreneurs, highly skilled workers, service professionals, administrative personnel, intellectuals, and other groups. (E) The middle class seems to be the basis for the stable development of society. № 9. Read the text below, each position marked with a specific letter.
(A) The process of depreciation of money, i.e. inflation is manifested in an increase in prices that is not justified by an increase in the quality of goods and services (B) The rise in prices in country Z in the winter months turned out to be "more modest" than the forecasts of most economists. (C) Inflation was 2.1% (3.4% in the winter of the previous year). (D) Most likely, the slowdown in the indicator is facilitated by the decline in oil prices on world trading floors. (E) The stabilization of gasoline prices in the domestic market may have played a role in statistics.

There is an opinion among schoolchildren that social studies is the easiest subject of the exam... Many people choose it for this very reason. But this is a delusion that leads away from serious preparation.

Changes in the KIM USE 2020 in social studies:

• There are no changes in the structure and content of the CMM.
• The wording of tasks 28, 29 has been detailed and corrections have been made to the system of their assessment.

How to start preparing the Unified State Exam in Social Studies?

1. Learn theory.

To do this, for each task selected theoretical material what you need to know and consider when completing a task. There will be questions with a philosophical bias (man and society) and sociological (relations in society). Remember that there are only 8 topics: society

• human
• cognition
• spiritual sphere (culture)
• social sphere
• economy
• politics
• right

Indicate on what topics the survey will be in the tasks. Each topic has many small subtopics that you should pay attention to when studying.

To obtain a high result, the examinee must confidently operate the basic concepts and terms. Analyze the information provided in the form of graphics. Work with text. Competently reason within the framework of the problem posed, concisely express your thoughts in writing.

Important tip: when preparing, you should not use materials and manuals for 2016 and earlier, as they have lost compliance with the updated assignments.

2. Study well the structure of tasks, the system of their assessment.

The exam ticket is divided into two parts:

1. Tasks from 1 to 20, requiring a short answer (word, phrase or number);
2. Tasks from 21 to 29 - with a detailed answer and mini-essays.

The assessment of the Unified State Exam assignments in social studies was distributed as follows:

• 1 point - for 1, 2, 3, 10, 12 tasks.
• 2 points - 4-9, 11, 13-22.
• 3 points - 23, 24, 26, 27.
• 4 points - 25, 28.
• 6 points - 29.

You can get a maximum of 65 points.
The minimum should be - 43 total points.

Pay special attention to the tasks of the exam with a detailed answer in social studies.

3. Solving the tasks of the exam in social studies.

The more test items you will fulfill, the stronger your knowledge will be. Tasks are formed on the basis of

Establish a correspondence between the attribute and the cultural sector, the works of which it characterizes: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Explanation.

Science is logic. Art is a unique expression of emotions and feelings.

A) imagery is art.

B) logical integrity - science.

C) artistic language - art.

D) sensory and emotional reflection of the world - art.

E) validity is science.

Answer: 21221.

Answer: 21221

Establish a correspondence between the characteristics of different societies and their types: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Write down the numbers in the answer, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

Explanation.

A) domination of agriculture by subsistence economy - traditional (agrarian).

B) the dominance of intensive technologies is industrial.

B) the domination of communal property is traditional (agrarian).

D) the predominance of hand tools - traditional (agrarian).

E) development of expanded reproduction - industrial.

Answer: 12112.

Answer: 12112

Subject area: Man and Society. Multivariance of social development (Types of societies)

Establish a correspondence between the main social institutions and spheres of society: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Write down the numbers in the answer, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

Explanation.

A social institution is a historically established stable form of organizing joint activities of people.

The economic sphere is associated with production, exchange, consumption of material goods. Its institutions: money, capital, property, production.

The political sphere includes governance and leadership in society. Its institutions: power, separation of powers, court, state.

The social sphere includes relationships between different social communities and groups. Her institutions: family, marriage, motherhood.

The spiritual sphere encompasses relationships that develop in the process of creating, distributing, preserving and mastering spiritual values. Its institutions are: church, school, theater, education, religion.

A) the state is politics.

B) religion - spiritual culture.

C) education - spiritual culture.

D) production - economy.

E) family - social relations.

Answer: 23314.

Answer: 23314

Subject area: Man and Society. Systemic structure of society, elements and subsystems

Alexey Balitsky 28.10.2016 13:58

Why is education a spiritual sphere and not a social one?

Valentin I. Kirichenko

The spiritual sphere of society includes public consciousness in all its manifestations (ideology, idea, knowledge, etc.), science, art, religion, education, morality. traditions and customs.

Establish a correspondence between social facts and cultural forms: for each item given in the first column, select the corresponding item from the second column.

Write down the numbers in the answer, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

Explanation.

Folk culture - folklore. Created by unknown authors, saved as traditional holidays, songs, samples of oral folk art.

Mass culture. It is generally available, understandable to most people, unassuming, its samples are produced in large quantities. Created by professionals. Popular culture is a product for sale.

A) screening of a serial television film is massive.

B) holding a festival of folklore groups - folk.

C) the celebration of Maslenitsa is a folk celebration.

D) completion of the expedition to record ritual songs - folk.

E) a concert of pop music - massive.

Answer: 21112.

Answer: 21112

Subject area: Man and Society. Culture concept. Forms and varieties of culture

Establish a correspondence between examples of manifestation and a characteristic of global problems: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

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Preparation for the Unified State Exam in Social Studies Determination of signs, phenomena and concepts in context (task C 5) Teacher of history and social studies MBOU Umetskaya secondary school named after Hero of Socialist Labor P.S. Pleshakova Ponafidina Elena Aleksandrovna Umet 2013

What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "political regime"? Drawing on knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about the political regime. 1) the meaning of the concept, for example: a set of means and methods by which the state has a regulatory effect on society. A different, similar definition can be given. 2) two sentences with information about the political regime based on the knowledge of the course, for example: - “The leading form of the political regime in modern world is democracy ”; - "Political regimes can be authoritarian, totalitarian, democratic."

What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "human freedom"? Drawing on knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about human freedom. 1) the meaning of the concept, for example: "Freedom is the ability to act on the basis of one's own choice, realizing the responsibility for it." Another, close in meaning, definition can be given; 2) two sentences with information about human freedom, based on the knowledge of the course, for example: - "Freedom for a person is the ability to choose between good and evil"; “Both a narrow and a broad sense are put into the concept of“ human freedom ”: these are both concrete freedoms written in the Constitution, and the fundamental possibility to always act on the basis of one's own choice.”

What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "political leadership"? Drawing on your knowledge of social studies, compose two sentences containing information on political leadership. 1) the meaning of the concept, for example: “Political leadership is the constant influence of a certain person on society, an organization or a group in the field of political relations” 2) two sentences with information about political leadership, for example: - “The activities of I.V. Stalin is a vivid example of political leadership ”; - "Political leadership, as a rule, has a multi-role character."

What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "social control"? Drawing on your knowledge of your social studies course, compose two sentences containing information on social control. 1) the meaning of the concept, for example: "Social control is a system of methods by which society regulates the behavior of people." Another, close in meaning, definition can be given; 2) two sentences with information about social control, based on the knowledge of the course, for example: - "An important link in social control is group control (control of a group, collective)"; - "There are two methods of social control: coercion and persuasion."

What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "scientific knowledge"? Drawing on knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about scientific knowledge. 1) the meaning of the concept, for example: "Scientific knowledge is knowledge established and verified with the help of special methods of science, included in the general system of substantiated knowledge"; Another, close in meaning, definition can be given. 2) two sentences containing information about scientific knowledge, for example: - “Scientific knowledge, along with firmly established knowledge, includes hypotheses”; - "Experiment is one of the methods of revealing scientific knowledge."

What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "school education"? Drawing on your knowledge of your social studies course, compose two sentences containing information about schooling. 1) the meaning of the concept, for example: "School education is a stage of the educational system of the state, covering children and adolescents, most often at the age of 7-17"; Another, close in meaning, definition can be given. 2) two sentences containing information about school education, for example: - "School education is an important stage in the socialization of a person"; - "One of the tasks school education- preparing young people for admission to higher educational institutions. "

What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "economic resources"? Drawing on your knowledge of your social studies course, compose two sentences containing information about economic resources. 1) the meaning of the concept, for example: "Economic resources of production are those factors with the help of which goods and services are created in the production process"; Another, close in meaning, definition can be given. 2) two sentences containing information about economic resources, for example: - “Most of the economic resources are limited”; - "One of the most important economic resources is labor."

What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "political behavior"? Drawing on your knowledge of social studies, make two sentences containing information on political behavior. 1) the meaning of the concept, for example: "Political behavior is a person's actions that characterize his interaction with political institutions"; Another, close in meaning, definition can be given. 2) two sentences containing information about a political party, for example: - "The political behavior of an individual is guided by its value orientations"; - "One of the forms of political behavior is participation in demonstrations."

What do scientists mean by the concept of "costs"? Drawing on the knowledge of the course, compose two sentences containing information on costs. 1) the meaning of the concept, for example: - the costs of the company - the monetary estimate of the costs of all factors involved in the production of finished products; 2) two sentences with information about costs based on the knowledge of the course, for example: - “Variable costs can be payments for raw materials and materials, workers' salaries, payments for electricity, transportation costs”; - "The profit of the company depends on the ratio of revenue from sales of products and costs."

What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "society"? Drawing on your knowledge of the social science course, compose two sentences containing information about the community. 1) the meaning of the concept, for example: "the totality of all types of interaction and forms of uniting people that have developed historically." Another, close in meaning, definition can be given; 2) two sentences with information about society based on the knowledge of the course, for example: - “A historically specific form can be called a society social relations, for example, a feudal society "; -Society in a relatively narrow sense of this word can be called an association of people in connection with their common interests (for example, a society of book lovers ").

1) the meaning of the concept, for example: "Memorandum of Association - a document of agreement between two or more parties, which secures the legal status of the created enterprise (organization), fixes the authorized capital, establishes the procedure for the distribution of costs, rights and obligations of the parties"; 2) two sentences with information about political culture: - "The Memorandum of Association can be signed by both legal entities and individuals"; - "The Memorandum of Association is required when creating different types partnerships, business entities ". What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "memorandum of association"? Drawing on knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about the memorandum of association.

1) the meaning of the concept, for example: "Civil marriage is a form of relationship between a man and a woman, when they live together, run a joint household, their relationship is legalized legally, but not in the church."; Another, close in meaning, definition can be given. 2) two sentences containing information about civil marriage, for example: - “Civil marriage gives rise to legal relations between spouses”; - "Along with civil marriage, there are actual marriages, church marriages." What is the meaning of lawyers in the concept of "civil marriage"? Drawing on knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about civil marriage.

1) the meaning of the concept, for example: "Political culture is one of the elements of the political system"; 2) two sentences with information about political culture: - "You can talk about the political culture of society and the political culture of an individual"; - "In the political culture of a person, his worldview is clearly reflected." What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "political culture"? Drawing on your knowledge of social studies, make two sentences containing information about political culture.

1) the meaning of the concept, for example: "The socialization of the individual is the assimilation by him of the basic spiritual wealth accumulated by society, as well as the norms of social life"; Another, close in meaning, definition can be given. 2) two sentences containing information about the socialization of a person, for example: - "The institution of primary socialization is the family"; - "Socialization of the individual helps her to adapt to the conditions of social life." What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "socialization of the individual"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, compose two sentences containing information on the socialization of the individual.

1) the meaning of the concept, for example: "A social role is a model of human behavior, objectively set by the social position of an individual in the system of social and personal relations." 2) two sentences with information about the social role, based on the knowledge of the course, for example: - "Social roles are associated with social status, profession or type of activity"; - "In modern society, role conflicts are widespread, arising in situations when an individual is required to simultaneously fulfill several social roles with conflicting requirements." What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of " social role"? Drawing on your knowledge of your social studies course, compose two sentences containing information about your social role.

1) the meaning of the concept, for example: the economic cycle is the periodic fluctuations in business activity in the country; 2) two sentences with information about the economic cycle, based on the knowledge of the course, for example: - "The economic cycle includes the following periods: recovery, economic boom (peak), recession, crisis (low point of recession)"; - "According to the duration of the action, one can distinguish between centenary cycles, Kondratyev's cycles (50-year ones), classical cycles (10-year ones) and two four-year cycles." What is the meaning of scientists in the concept of "economic cycle"? Drawing on the knowledge of the course, make two sentences containing information about the business cycle.

1) the meaning of the concept, for example: the labor market is a set of economic and legal procedures that allow people to exchange their labor services for money and other material benefits; 2) two sentences with information about the labor market, based on the knowledge of the course, for example: - “The labor market is characterized by the mobility of the labor services offered”. - “The labor market reflects the structure of social production and general state the economy of the region and the country as a whole ”. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "labor market"? Drawing on your knowledge of your social studies course, compose two sentences containing labor market information.

1) the meaning of the concept, for example: "a social group is a collection of people who have some common significant social feature"; Another, close in meaning, definition can be given. 2) two sentences with information about social groups based on the knowledge of the course, for example: - "Social groups are subdivided according to the number, nature of interaction, method of organization, degree of organization, duration of existence, character, age and gender." - "In groups, a person realizes his social (social) essence." What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "social group"? Drawing on knowledge of the social science course, compose two sentences containing information about social groups in society.

1) the meaning of the concept, for example: citizenship is a stable legal relationship between a person and the state, expressed in the totality of mutual rights and obligations; 2) two sentences with information about citizenship, based on the knowledge of the course, for example: - "Citizenship can be obtained by a person from birth or through the procedure for acquiring citizenship." - "Citizenship ensures the legal capacity of a person." Any other proposals containing information on citizenship can be drawn up. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "citizenship"? Drawing on your knowledge of your social studies course, compose two sentences containing information on citizenship.

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