Using the materials of topic 9, name the main typological features of the population and economy. Block for obtaining knowledge and skills

Task 1. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences:

1. North America, comprising the United States and Canada, covers an area of 19.6 million km² with a population of 348 million people.

2. In terms of the size of the territory of the United States, it occupies the 4th place among the countries of the world. They are composed of 3 parts.

3. The benefits of the US EGP are primarily due to the presence of a large length maritime boundaries, located between two oceans. The presence of a land border with Canada and Mexico contributes to the development of trade and economic ties... The USA is well supplied with almost all natural resources.

4. By state structure USA - federal Republic.

Task 2. Give examples of minerals that the United States is provided with:

1) in excess - coal, gas, oil

2) with some drawback - iron ore

3) not provided at all - aluminum ores, table salt

Task 3. Underline the name of a large region of the world that has accounted for the majority of migrants in the United States over the past three to four decades:

4) Latin America.

Justify your conclusion.

The United States is the most developed nation in North America. Latin Americans are attracted by the standard of living (socio-economic factor), the opportunity to find a suitable job.

Task 4. Compare the United States in terms of urbanization with other developed Western countries using the form of the following table:

Draw conclusions.

The USA is one of the most urbanized countries in the world.

Task 5. The schematic map (Fig. 25) shows the outlines of three megalopolises in the United States. Inscribe their names and the largest cities located within each of them. Draw conclusions based on the resulting schematic map.

The largest cities in the United States are located on the coastal territory.

Task 6. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences:

1. Smelters in the Chicago area operate on iron ore from the Lake Superior area and coal from.

2. Smelters on the Atlantic coast of the United States operate on iron ore from Brazil and Venezuela and coal from Appalachian coal basin.

3. The main area of the US oil industry is located in the southwest (Oklahoma, Louisiana, Texas, New Mexico).

4. The main region of the US textile industry is located in the south atlantic states.

Task 7. Indicate (underline) which of the following US states stand out in terms of oil production:

2) Alaska;

5) California;

8) Oklahoma;

Task 8. Make a table "US industrial zones" in the following form:

Draw conclusions.

Industrial belts are distinguished by the presence of minerals in them, which serve as materials for the development of the main industries in these regions.

Task 9. Indicate, underlining with different lines or colors, which of the following US states are distinguished by fees:

a) wheat - 5) Kansas; 7) Nebraska; 8) North Dakota;

b) corn - 1) Iowa; 3) Illinois;

c) southern fruits and citrus fruits - 4) California; 9) Florida;

d) cotton fiber - 6) Mississippi; 10) South Dakota

e) for the production of dairy products - 2) Wisconsin.

Explain this state specialization.

The United States possesses large land resources and a profitable land fund structure; sufficient moisture; temperature conditions make it possible to grow here all agricultural crops of moderate and subtropical belts while southern Florida and Hawaii are tropical.

Task 10. Give examples of step-by-step specialization in US agriculture.

Tomato seedlings are grown by farmers in the southeastern states. Then the seedlings are shipped by air to California, where table varieties of tomatoes are grown from them, and in Texas, where tomato juice is produced.

Task 11. Fill in the table "Main seaports USA "in the following form:

Task 12. Indicate if the following statements are true:

1. Frame transport network The United States forms transcontinental highways of latitudinal and meridional directions. - (Yes .)

2. The largest transport hub in the United States - Los Angeles. - (Not .)

3. The United States is visited annually by 45-50 million foreign tourists. - (Not .)

4. Condition environment in the US has improved recently. - (Yes .)

Task 13. Complete the following sentences:

1. Compared to Western Europe USA is a country with liberal, unregulated by the state open economy.

2. In terms of foreign trade turnover, the United States occupies the 1st place in the world.

3. The United States exports about 1/2 of all wheat harvested in the country.

4. The main trading partners of the USA are Mexico, Canada, Japan, Germany, Great Britain.

Task 14. Below are three different statements that apply to each of the four US macro regions. Choose from them the one that is true for the given macro region, and mark it with the corresponding number in the box.

Task 15. Give comparative characteristics New York and Los Angeles in the following form:

Task 16. Canada ranks first in the world in the production of uranium, cobalt, potassium salts and asbestos, second - zinc ores and sulfur, third - natural gas and platinoids, fourth - copper ore and gold, fifth - lead ore, seventh - silver. In terms of coal, oil and iron ore production, it ranks 8th-11th.

Apply the main deposits of these minerals to outline map(fig. 26). Determine which ones are within the main strip of settlement and which are in the Canadian North.

Within the main zone of settlement: coal, copper ores, potash salts, platinum, asbestos, uranium ores. In the Canadian North: natural gas, oil, iron ores, silver.

Task 17. Complete the following sentences:

1. Canada has a land border only with the United States.

2. Canada became the dominion of Great Britain in 1867.

3. The head of state in Canada is officially considered governor general appointed by the queen of Great Britain on the advice of the prime minister.

4. Canada has historically had two main nations: Anglo-Canadians and French-Canadians.

Test number 9.

^ NORTH AMERICA.

1. Using the text of the textbook and maps in the atlas, characterize the US EGP. Apply the Model Country (Region) EGL Characterization Plan on page 222.
2. Using figure 87 in the textbook, write down the five major oil states in the United States.
3. Using the data in the tables and figures of topic 5 and the tables of the "Appendices", make the necessary calculations, draw up bar (strip) or pie charts in a notebook showing the US share in world industrial and agricultural production for certain types of products. Analyze them.
4. Using figure 88 of the textbook, compile the table "Main regions of the US iron and steel industry":

Using Figure 28, determine from which countries the United States is importing iron ore. What caused this?
5. Using the text, figure 89 and other pictures of the textbook, as well as the economic map of the United States in the atlas, compile the table "US industrial belts":

6. By overlaying figure 90 in the textbook and the map of the administrative division of the United States in the atlas, determine:

A) two main "wheat" states;

B) the main "corn" state.
7. Using the materials of topic 9, identify the main typological features of the population and economy of the United States and Canada. Present them in the form of a table:

Country	Reproduction type	National composition of the population	Urbanization level	The level of development of the economy	Sectoral structure of the economy	Territorial structure of the economy
USA
Canada

8. Draw on a contour map of North America:

A) The largest cities;

B) Main seaports;

C) Transcontinental railways
9. List the groups of industries and types of minerals for which Canada is a global producer and exporter.
10. Prepare messages (optional): "Statue of Liberty", "US flag".

Test number 10.

^ LATIN AMERICA.

1. By " business card"On the flyleaf of the textbook, make a table" Countries Latin America»:

2. Using the text, figures 12-14 of the textbook and maps of fertility, mortality and natural population growth in the atlas, characterize the reproduction of the population of Latin America.
3. Using figures 17, 18, tables 3 and 9 of the textbook and tables 16, 17 "Appendices", as well as the map of urbanization in the atlas, identify the most and least urbanized countries in Latin America. Make a table "The level of urbanization in Latin America":

4. Using the textbook text and the economic map of Latin America in the atlas, draw on a contour map of the region the main mining and exporting countries:

Iron ore;

Copper ore;

Bauxite;

Tin ore;

Saltpeter.
5. Using the text of the textbook, the physical and economic map of Latin America in the atlas, draw on a contour map of the region the main countries specializing in production:

Cocoa beans;

Bananas;

Wheat;

Corn;

Meat.
6. Using the text and pictures of the textbook, as well as maps of the atlas, establish similarities and differences between Mexico, Brazil and Argentina. Format the results in the form of a table:

Test number 11.

^ GLOBAL PROBLEMS OF HUMANITY.

1. Read the content of topic 11 of the tutorial. Write down concepts in a notebook "Globalization", "global problems".
2. Make a plan-scheme for the classification of global problems of mankind (p. 352).
3. Based on the acquired knowledge, compile a summary-reference table "Characteristics of the global problems of mankind" in the following form:

^ Global problem	The essence of the problem	Causes of occurrence	Ways to solve the problem
1. Peace and disarmament
2. Environmental
3. Demographic
4. Energy and raw materials
5. Peaceful space exploration
6. Bridging the gap of developing countries
7. Use of the world's oceans
8. Food

4. Using the content of the textbook, periodicals and other sources of information, prepare a written abstract (message) on one of the topics:

"Towards a nuclear-free and secure world."
"Problems of human health and longevity."
"The cosmic threat is a threat to all mankind."
"The demographic situation in Russia".
"Energy and raw materials problems: solutions".
"The problem of food is a problem for each of us."

1 For ease of search necessary information in parentheses are the page numbers of the textbook. In the case of textbooks published earlier than 2004, the page numbers shown in parentheses may not match.

2 In some tasks, several (more than one) variants of the correct answer are allowed.

3. Plan of characteristics of the population of the country (region):

1. Size, type of population reproduction, demographic policy. 2. Age and sex composition of the population, security labor resources... 3. National (ethnic) composition of the population. 4. Social-class composition of the population. 5. The main features of the placement of the population, the impact of migration on this placement. 6. Levels, rates and forms of urbanization, major cities and urban agglomerations. 7. Rural settlement. 8. General conclusion. Prospects for population growth and labor supply.

Topic 8. AFRICA

BJIOKACQUISITION OF KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS

Exercise 1. Using Table 1 in the Appendices, draw on a contour map the countries of Africa that gained political independence after World War II. Indicate the dates of independence and compare in this regard the countries of Northern and Tropical Africa.

Additional Using the "business card" on the flyleaf of the textbook, select the appropriate

corporealper- the existing "pairs" of African countries and foreign Europe, approximately equal in

giving (for fun). by the size of the territory.

Task 2. Using the atlas maps and tables 3-5 of the Appendices, classify African countries according to their mineral wealth. Make a table in the following form:

Draw conclusions about the provision of these countries with raw materials and fuel for the development of heavy industry.

Additional Using the same sources, determine the main territorial combinations

body protective mineral. Describe the composition of the fossils in each of them; Denmark (us- try to connect it with the tectonic structure of the territory. Apply false). combinations of minerals on a contour map.

Task 3. Using Figures 7, 8 and 9, Tables 6, 7 and 8 in the "Appendices" and atlas maps, specify and supplement the characteristics of land, water and agroclimatic resources of Africa, contained in the text of the textbook.

Task 4. Using Table 3, give quantitative characteristics"Urban explosion" in Africa. What conclusions can be drawn from these calculations?

Additional Prepare an outline of the report on the topic: "Population of Africa". Use

body protective text and pictures of topics 3 and 8 of the textbook, maps of the atlas, tables of "Appendices", Denmark (complicated). additional literature.

Task 5. Analyze figure 77. Using the economic map of Africa in the atlas, indicate specifically which ore, non-metallic minerals, food products and types of agricultural raw materials determine the monocultural specialization of each of the countries shown in the graph.

Task 6. On the physical and economic maps of Africa in the atlas, determine: 1) the main areas of the mining industry in Africa and their specialization, 2) the main areas of commercial agriculture and their specialization, 3) trans-African transport routes. Use the pictures from topic 5 of the tutorial as well.

Additional Using the maps of the atlas, make up the table "Zonal special-

body protective zation of export and consumer crops in

denmark(creative!) Africa "in the following form:

Draw all the possible conclusions from the analysis of this table.

Task 7. Using the textbook text and the Cairo outline in the atlas, prepare the message

(creative on the theme "Cairo - an Arab city North Africa". Use also

something!). additional sources of information.

Additional Imagine taking a trip down the Nile from Aswan to

body protective mouth. Describe your trip in a letter to a friend. Try to do denmark (for so that a colorful image of this territory appears.

pleasure).

Task 8. What do you think should be done to prevent it in the future

(creative!). repetitions of the "Sahelian tragedy"? Give a rationale for your "project".

Additional In his novel "Five weeks on hot-air balloon»Jules Verne spoke about

body protective travel in Africa in a hot air balloon. "Repeat" the route of this denmark (for travels. In which countries are located and what are they pleasure). the regions of Africa described by the writer today?

The final 1. (Work in a notebook.) Compare the countries of North, Tropical Africa and

task 9. South Africa according to some indicators characterizing their population and economy. Identify similarities and differences. Fill out the required data in the form of a table.

2. Compare the major extractive industries in North Africa and Southwest Asia. What is the implication of this comparison?

3. Compare the major export crops of Tropical Africa and South Asia. What conclusion can be drawn from this comparison?

4. Prepare a small album called Geography of Africa on Postage Stamps for classroom demonstration.

Answer the questions:

1. Why is the shift of the population towards the coasts of the oceans and seas in Africa less pronounced than in foreign Asia?

2. Why is the Congo River not used to export industrial products from the Copper Belt region?

3. Why is Cairo called the "diamond delta button"?

4. Why is Senegal called the "Peanut Republic"?

Are the following statements correct:^ W

1. Most African countries achieved independence in the second half of the XX century.

2. Africa is the region with the highest fertility and highest mortality rates in the world.

3. African countries are characterized by high rates of urbanization.

4. The main mineral in Nigeria is bauxite.

Choose the correct answer:

2. The most important types of minerals in North Africa are ... (coal, iron ore, bauxite, oil, natural gas, phosphorites).

3. Among the least developed countries in Africa are ... (Algeria, Ethiopia, Chad, Niger, Somalia, South Africa).

4. The main export crops of Tropical Africa are ... (wheat, millet, cotton, citrus fruits, peanuts, coffee, cocoa, natural rubber, sisal).

Can you:

1. Draw on a contour map of the world from memory the following countries mentioned in the text and on text maps: Libya, Algeria, Sudan, Ghana, Congo, Angola, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Mozambique, Madagascar?

2. Show on the map the following cities mentioned in the text and on maps: Cairo, Kinshasa, Addis Ababa, Nairobi, Lagos, Dakar, Luanda, Johannesburg?

3. Explain the meaning the following concepts and terms: monoculture, subsistence farming, apartheid?

4. Indicate which of the following countries are the main producers and exporters of cocoa: Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania, Angola?

Identify the countries to which the following approvals apply:

1. A country located on an island with an area of 1,600 thousand km 2.

2. Countries located "inside" the territory of South Africa.

3. A country lying along the middle course of the Niger River and landlocked.

4. The country whose capital is the city of Nairobi.

5. A country where 98% of the population is concentrated in an area that occupies less than 4% of its total area.

Fill in the blanks in the followingphrases:

1. The copper belt stretches from Zambia to southeastern part … .

2. ... is the largest oil producer and exporter in Africa, a member of OPEC.

3. South Africa produces ... all the products of the manufacturing industry in Africa.

METHODOLOGICAL KEYS TO TOPIC 8

What to remember

1. Political map and the peoples of Africa. (Geography, grade 7.) 2. Features of the physical and geographical location, relief, minerals, climate, waters, soils and vegetation of Africa, natural areas within it. (Geography, grade 7.) 3. Ancient Egypt... (History, grade 5.) 4. The main content of the national liberation struggle of the peoples of Africa in late XIX- the beginning of the XX century. (History, grade 8.) 5. Material from part I of this textbook. 6. Concepts and terms: colony, bantustan, platform, desert, savannah, equatorial forest, kimberlite pipe, national park.

What you need to know

Leading theme ideas 8.

The transformation of the socio-economic structure of Africa requires great efforts on the part of both the African peoples and the entire world community.

The main scientific knowledge Topics 8:

1. Specific traits economic and geographical location, geography of natural conditions and resources, population, industry, agriculture, environmental problems of Africa. 2. The concept of monoculture. 3. The image of the territory of North Africa. 4. The image of the territory of Tropical Africa. 5. Brief overview of South Africa. 6. Key words of the topic: 1) the colonial type of the sectoral structure of the economy, 2) monoculture, 3) the Arab type of the city.

What you need to be able to

1. Using the textbook and atlas, independently extract necessary knowledge for characteristics. 2. Carry out a comparative description of industries, regions and cities. 3. Prepare a summary of the report on a given topic.

Topic 9. NORTH AMERICA

Exercise 1. Using the text of the textbook and maps of the atlas, characterize the US EGP. Is it really beneficial? Why do you think so? Apply the Country (Region) Model EGL Characterization Plan on p. 222.

Assignment 2 Using the text of the textbook and Figures 83-86, describe the largest

(creative their urban agglomerations and megalopolises of the United States. Calculate the fraction of three

something!). megalopolises in the area and population of the country, compare the population density indicators in megalopolises with the national average, draw conclusions. Select from the text and pictures of topic 3 those provisions and figures that are advisable to use when characterizing urbanization in the United States.

Additional Make a US Cities and States crossword puzzle.

task (for fun).

Task 3. Using the data in the tables and figures of topic 5 and the tables in the Appendices, make the necessary calculations, draw up bar (bar) or pie charts in a notebook, showing the US share in world industrial and agricultural production for certain types of products. Analyze them.

Task 4. Using tutorial text and map mineral resources USA in the atlas, prove that the US mineral resources contribute to the development of a diversified industry. Illustrate the following phrase of the textbook: "The main wealth of the eastern part is fuel minerals, the western part is ore." Apply the typical plan for characterizing the natural prerequisites for the development of industry in the country (region) on p. 222.

Additional Using data on reserves and production of coal, oil, natural gas, iron

body protective ore in the USA, calculate their availability (in years). Taking advantage of Denmark (us- data in the text of the textbook and in table 1, calculate the share of the United States in the world false). proven reserves of coal, oil, natural gas, iron ore. What conclusions can be drawn from this analysis?

Task 5. Using Figure 87, name the five major oil states in the United States. Determine in which of them oil production is carried out and on the continental shelf. Try to explain the configuration of the existing system of oil pipelines, the reasons for the construction of the Trans-Alaska oil pipeline, which was built in the 70s. Using Figure 25, determine where the US imports oil and petroleum products from. How can this be explained? Apply a sample country / region characterization plan.

Task 6. Using Figure 88, compose a summary-reference table "Major regions of the US ferrous metallurgy" in the notebook in the following form:

Task 7. Using Figure 28, determine from which countries the United States is importing iron ore. What caused this?

Use the economic map of the United States and the map of mechanical engineering of the world in the atlas to concretize the characteristics of mechanical engineering contained in the text of the textbook. Identify by them the largest centers of this industry. Illustrate the position of the textbook that the main engineering districts coincide with the megalopolises of the United States.

Additional Using the same cards, make a summary-reference in a notebook

body protective table "Structure of mechanical engineering in largest centers this industry Denmark (complicated). in USA".

Task 8. Using the text, figure 89 and other pictures of the textbook, as well as the economic map of the United States in the atlas, compile a synopsis and reference table "US industrial belts" in the notebook in the following form:

Formulate and write down your findings.

Task 9. Referring to Figure 90, describe the location of the US crop production. By overlaying Figure 90 and the map of the administrative division of the United States in the atlas, determine: 1) two main "wheat" states (one for spring wheat, the other for winter wheat), 2) the main "corn" state.

Task 10. Using the plans of the central parts of New York and Washington in the atlas and

(creative additional sources of information, prepare a message about cultural

something!).-historical and architectural landmarks of one of these cities. Take a short “tour” of the city as a “guide”.

Assignment 11... Based on the text and pictures of the textbook and atlas maps, give a short

(creative a written description of one of the US macro-regions (by its own

something!) choice).

Additional Imagine that you have undertaken "travels" in the USA - along

body protective parallels 40 ° N sh. and along the meridian 100 ° W. e. Describe the routes.

denmark (forpleasure). Use additional literature.

Assignment 12 Carefully review the text and figures of Part I of the textbook and tables

(creative"Applications". Choose from them everything related to Canada. Use

something!). Atlas maps for Canada. Based on these materials, complete the brief socio-economic profile of this country given in the textbook. Apply the sample country profile plan on p. 329.

Assignment 13 1. (Work in a notebook.) Using the materials of topic 9, name the main

(final). typological features of the population and economy of the USA and Canada. Present them in the form of the following table:

Playback type

production

population

National

composition

population

development

farms

Industry

structure

farms

Territorial

structure

farms

Work with this table, make a generalization.

2. (Work on a contour map.) Draw on a contour map of North America (optional): 1) major cities, 2) major seaports, 3) transcontinental railways. You can expand this list at your own discretion.

3. Determine what types of thematic maps in the textbook and atlas you used to study this topic. Which ones were new to you?

4. Using the text of the textbook and Figure 81, describe the Central Business District of an American city.

UNIT OF SELF-CONTROL AND MUTUAL CONTROL

Explain why:

1. The Northeast United States was named the "workshop of the nation."

2. A significant part of the heavy industry of the USA and Canada is concentrated in the Great Lakes region.

3. US aluminum factories are located in the valleys of the Tennessee and Columbia rivers.

4. The specialization of agriculture in the United States and Canada changes as we move from east to west.

5. Florida, California and Hawaii attract the most tourists.

6. In the United States and Canada, in recent decades, there has been an increase in interest in the development of the regions of the North.

What problems arise:

1. Due to the accelerated industrialization of the South and West of the United States?

2. Due to the fact that the US economy is becoming increasingly dependent on imports of oil, iron ore and other raw materials and fuels?

Do you agree with the following statements:

1. Megalopolis "Boswash" - the largest urbanized area in the United States?

2. Has Alaska become an important oil production region in the United States recently?

3. Is the farming type of agriculture dominant in the USA and Canada?

4. The US transportation system is of the same type as transport system overseas Europe?

5. Does the St. Lawrence River connect the Great Lakes to New York?

6. Is Atlanta the largest airport in the world?

7. Is Canada's population 1/2 of the US population?

Can you:

1. Find on the map the cities of the United States mentioned in the main text of topic 9, and place them from east to west from memory?

2. Give examples of "dairy", "corn", "wheat", "orange", "pineapple", "apple", "cotton" US states?

3. To draw on a contour map of New England, Far West, California?

4. Say which of the following indicators characterizes the share of the West in the area of the entire country (in%): 20, 36, 49, 64?

5. List the types of minerals for which Canada is a global producer and exporter?

Use textbook text and maps to answer questions:

1. In which parts of the US is it most likely busyness people in: 1) oil production, 2) aerospace industry, 3) raising broiler chickens?

2. What transcontinental railways can you cross the USA and Canada in a latitudinal direction?

3. What natural, socioeconomic, and historical reasons contributed to the development of the US Northeast?

Imagine:

1. That you have visited one of the major cities in the USA or Canada. Describe it.

2. That you would like to get acquainted with the US industry. Which cities do you need to visit to visit: 1) an aircraft plant, 2) a large enterprise for the production of electronic products, 3) an automobile plant, 4) a petrochemical plant, 5) a ferrous metallurgy plant?

3. That you have the opportunity to work at: 1) a cattle ranch, 2) a tobacco plantation, 3) a sawmill. Which US states or Canadian provinces should you go to?

Fill in the blanks in the following phrases:

1.The economic capital of the United States is considered ..., but it is increasingly competing ....

2. Much of the Midwest faces ... and ..., the two main waterways of North America.

3. Among the important crops of the South of the United States is ....

4. In the Canadian province ... most of the inhabitants speak French.

METHODOLOGICAL KEYS TO TOPIC 9

What to remember

1. The political map and the peoples of North America. (Geography, grade 7.) 2. Features of the physical and geographical location, relief, minerals, climate, waters, soils and vegetation of North America. (Geography, grade 7.) 3. Features historical development North America at the end of the XIX-first half of the XX century. (History, grades 8, 9.) 4. Materials of Part I of this textbook. 5. Concepts and terms: reserve, farmer.

What you need to know

Leading ideas for topic 9:

1. As a result of the collapse of the world socialist system and Soviet Union the role of the United States in world politics and economy has increased. 2. New relations between Russia, other countries with economies in transition and the United States have become an important factor in international stability and have changed the entire world political situation for the better.

Key scientific knowledge of Topic 9:

1. Characteristic features of EGL, geography of natural resources and the population of the United States. 2. general characteristics economy of the United States. 3. The main features of the geography of industry, agriculture, transport, environmental management of the United States, the main industrial and agricultural regions. 4. Macro-regionalization of the USA and the appearance of each of the four macro-regions. 5. Brief economic and geographical characteristics of Canada. 6. Key words of the topic: 1) North American type of city, 2) "second economy", 3) gross national product, 4) stage-by-stage specialization, 5) North American type of transport network, 6) industrial belt, 7) agricultural belt, 8) focal type of territory development.

What you need to be able to

1. To characterize urban agglomerations and megalopolises. 2. To characterize the industry of the country. 3. Give a brief economic and geographical description of the country. 4. Make a written economic-geographical description.

1. Plan of characteristics of the industry of the country (region):

1. The importance of the industry and the size of its products. 2. Natural prerequisites for the development of the industry. 3. The structure of the industry. 4. The main factors influencing the location of the industry, and the main features of its geography; sectoral industrial areas. 5. Dependence of the industry on exports and imports. 6. General conclusion; prospects for the development of the industry.

2. Country Characterization Plan:

1. The main features of EGP. 2. Economic assessment of natural conditions and resources. 3. The main features of reproduction, structure and distribution of the population. 4. General characteristics of the economy. 5. The main features of the location of the industry. 6. The main features of the location of agriculture. 7. The main features of the geography of transport. 8. Main economic regions. 9. The role and geography of foreign economic relations. 10. General conclusion; development prospects.

Topic 10. LATIN AMERICA

UNIT FOR OBTAINING KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS

Exercise 1. Using the "visiting card" on the flyleaf of the textbook, determine the forms of government and administrative-territorial structure of the countries of Latin America; make a table in a notebook. Compare these countries to those in overseas Asia and Africa and try to explain the differences.

Task 2. Using the map of mineral resources of the world and the economic map of Latin America in the atlas and tables 3, 4 and 5 in the Appendices, characterize the composition of minerals in its individual sub-regions. Explain the similarities and differences.

Additional Determine the main territorial combinations of minerals

body protective Latin America and plot them on a contour map. What prerequisites denmark(us- they create for the development of industry, for the development of new resource false). districts?

Task 3. Use figures 7-9 of the textbook, tables 6, 7 and 8 of the "Appendices" and maps of land, agro-climatic and water resources in the atlas to specify the characteristics of renewable natural resources region.

Task 4. Using figures 12-14 of the textbook and maps of fertility, mortality and natural population growth in the atlas, specify the provisions of the textbook related to population reproduction.

Task 5. On the maps of the peoples of the world and religions in the atlas, specify the main features of the distribution of the people of Latin America by language families and groups, religions.

Additional The share of Indians in the total population of selected countries of Latin America

body protective is (in%): in Bolivia - 63, in Guatemala - 54, in Peru - 47, in

Denmark (us- Ecuador - 40, in Mexico - 15, in Chile - 9, in Panama - 6, in Benesuela,

false). Colombia, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Honduras, Argentina - 2-4. Using this data, build a cartogram on the contour map of the region. Apply the instructions on p. 350.

Task 6. Using the map of the population density of the world in the atlas, specify the main features of the settlement of the population of Latin America, noted in the textbook.

Task 7. Use Figures 17, 18, Tables 3 and 9 of the textbook and Tables 16, 17 "Appendices", as well as the map of urbanization in the atlas to specify the characteristics of the urbanization process in Latin America. Identify the most and least urbanized countries. Compare Latin America with overseas Asia Africa in terms of urbanization rates and rates.

Task 8. Using the text of the textbook, the economic map of Latin America in the atlas, draw on a contour map of the region the main countries specializing in the extraction and export of: oil, iron ore, copper ore, bauxite, tin ores, sulfur, saltpeter. State the reasons for this specialization.

Task 9. Using the text of the textbook, the physical and economic map of Latin America in the atlas, plot on contour map of the region the main countries specializing in the production of: coffee, cocoa beans, sugar, bananas, wheat, corn, meat. State the reasons for this specialization.

Additional Try to answer the question: “What is loaded on sea vessels in ports

body protective Latin America? " Compete with your comrades, naming as possible

denmark (forpleasure). more export goods and ports of their export.

Task 10. Consider Figure 22 of the tutorial. Concretize it with the example of one of

(creative!). Latin American countries (optional).

Task 11. Using the text of the tutorial and figure 97, as well as additional sources

(creative!). information, prepare a message on the topic "The development of the Amazon." Explain what problems this poses for Brazil, for Latin America, for the whole world.

Task 12. 1. Based on knowledge of geography and history, explain why Latin

(final). America in terms of socio-economic development is ahead of other regions of the developing world.

2. (Work in a notebook.) Using the text and pictures of the textbook, as well as maps of the atlas, establish similarities and differences between Mexico, Brazil and Argentina.

3. Using the text of the textbook and additional sources of information, give a brief comparative description of two (optional) of the following cities: Mexico City, Havana, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Brasilia, Buenos Aires.

4. Imagine that you are traveling in a car on the Pan American Highway and are journaling. Give an example of such a recording for one day (of your choice).

5. For the text of the textbook and Figure 98, give a description of Brasilia.

UNIT OF SELF-CONTROL AND MUTUAL CONTROL

How do you explain:

What caused the occurrence geographical term"Latin America"?

What explains the particularly large role of capital cities in Latin America?

How did its dependence on the world market affect the configuration of the region's transport network?

For what purpose was the new capital of Brazil created?

As you understand:

The assertion that the geographical division of labor between the metropolitan and peripheral cities of Latin America is based not on the “city for the country” principle, but on the “country for the city” principle?

Expression: "Rio de Janeiro is a city where you enjoy life, and São Paulo is a city where you earn a living"?

Expression: "If the price of coffee rises, so does Brazil"?

The expression of the famous Swedish writer A. Lundqvist, who compared Buenos Aires with a powerful spider, "which sits on the edge of the spider's web entangling the country"?

Expression: "Panama is primarily a canal"?

Can you:

Draw on a contour map of the world from memory the following countries mentioned in the text and on text maps: Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Colombia, Suriname, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay ?;

Show on the map the following cities mentioned in the text and on the text maps: Mexico City, Havana, Caracas, Lima, Sao Paulo, Montevideo, Buenos Aires, Santiago?

Indicate in which of the following countries the state language is Spanish: Cuba. Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina, Chile?

Name one Latin American country in the export of which important role play: copper, bauxite, tin, oil, coffee, meat, wool, fish?

Check if right or wrongthe following statements, and if needed giverightanswer:

Argentina and Uruguay are the "whitest" countries in Latin America.

Mexico is the largest Hispanic in the world.

Brazil is the largest Catholic country in the world.

Rio de Janeiro is the largest urban agglomeration in Latin America.

Venezuela - the only country Latin America, a member of OPEC.

Brazil and Colombia are the world's largest coffee producers.

Name the countries to which they belongfollowing statements:

The only country in Central America that does not have an outlet to the Caribbean.

The only landlocked country in the Andes subregion.

A country where 4/5 of the population lives at altitude.

The country in which Portuguese speaks 17 times more people than in Portugal.

METHODOLOGICAL KEYS TO TOPIC 10

What to remember

1. The political map and the peoples of Latin America. (Geography, grade 7.) 2. Features of the physical and geographical location, relief, minerals, climate, waters, soils and vegetation of Latin America. (Geography, grade 7.) 3. Features of the historical development of Latin America in the XIX century. (History, grade 8.) 4. Materials of Part I of this textbook. 5. Concepts and terms: altitudinal zonality, equatorial forest, river runoff, air masses, mestizos, mulattoes.

What you need to learn

Leadingtheme idea10:

The countries of Latin America embarked on the path of restructuring the colonial sectoral and territorial structure of the economy and achieved some success.

Key scientific knowledge of Topic 10:

1. Characteristic features of EGP, geography of natural conditions and resources, population, sectoral and territorial structure of the economy, environmental problems in Latin America. 2. Economic and geographical characteristics of the country-subregion of Brazil. 3. Key words of the topic: 1) Latin American type of city, 2) “false urbanization”, 3) latifundia, 4) colonial type territorial structure of the economy.

What you need to be able to

1. Using pictures of the textbook, as well as maps of the atlas, independently concretize the main provisions of the textbook. 2. Giving brief description cities. 3. Make up a cartogram.

Instructions and plans for mastering self-study skills

How to compose and analyze a cartogram.

1. Mark on the contour map the boundaries of those territories that are subject to analysis. 2. Analyze the statistical or other source of indicators for the cartogram, enter the necessary indicators. 3. Group these indicators into specific intervals. 4. Make a cartogram legend in which darker tones or thicker shading will reflect more intensity of the phenomenon, and vice versa. 5. Apply color or shading to the contour map. 6. Analyze the cartogram and draw conclusions.

GLOBAL PROBLEMS OF HUMANITY

UNIT FOR OBTAINING KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS

Exercise 1. Using all the content of topic 2 and other topics of the textbook, compose in a notebook

(creative scheme "Factors and forms of society's impact on the environment."

something!). Think to what extent the solution to the problem of environmental protection depends on everyone on our planet, including you.

Task 2. Using all the content of topic 2 and other topics of the textbook, tables 11, 16, 17,

(creative 34 and 35 in Appendices, draw an oral demographic portrait

something!). planets today and in the first quarter of the XXI century.

Exercise3 Using all the content of topic 1 and the rest of the topics of the tutorial, as well as

(creative materials of periodicals, prepare a message (written

something!). abstract) on the topic "Towards a nuclear-free and secure world."

Assignment 4 Using figure 99 and the content of topics 2 and 5, as well as other topics of the textbook,

(creative!) describe the geographic aspects of the global food problem. Prove that the world's food shortage is primarily due to socio-economic rather than natural causes. Name the sectors of the economy involved in solving the food problem.

Assignment 5 Using all the content of topics 2, 4 and 5, as well as the regional part of the course and

(creative maps of the atlas, formulate the geographical aspects of the energy and

something!). raw material problems of mankind. What, in your opinion, are possible ways to solve them?

Assignment 6 Using the material of topics 2 and 3 of the textbook and the media,

(creative prepare a debate on the topic "Problems of human health and longevity."

something!).

Exercise7 Use the content of topics 1-5 to explain the concept of marine

(creative farm. Make a diagram of this concept in a notebook. Compare world maps

something!).offshore mining and transportation of oil and world marine fisheries and independently formulate the problem arising in connection with the territorial coincidence of offshore oil production and fishing. Suggest ways to solve it.

Assignment 8 Using the content of topic 11, make a diagram in the notebook "Relationship

(creative problems of overcoming the backwardness of developing countries with other

something!). global problems of mankind ".

Exercise9 Analyze physical cards of the world and regions and determine for which

(forpleasing countries, a rise in the level of the World Ocean even by 1-1.5 m could have

pleasure). catastrophic consequences as a result of flooding of the territory.

Exercise10 1. Make a graphic summary of the topic 11.

(final). 2. (Work in a notebook.) On the basis of the acquired knowledge, make a summary-reference table "Characteristics of the global problems of mankind." Summarize the table.

UNIT OF SELF-CONTROL AND MUTUAL CONTROL

Howyou think:

1. If you could invent a way to increase the recovery of oil reservoirs by 20%, would it be tantamount to the discovery of an oil basin comparable in production to the West Siberian one?

2. What does the figurative expression that the fuel and raw material resources of developing countries represent only a small “tip of the iceberg” mean? What needs to be done in order to use all this "iceberg"?

3. What does the expression mean: “We did not inherit the Earth from our ancestors. We borrow it from our descendants ”?

4. Why does the solution of global problems depend not only on states and governments, but also on the actions of all inhabitants of the Earth, each individual person, including you personally?

METHODOLOGICAL KEYS TO TOPIC 11

What to remember

All material of topics 1-10 of the textbook.

What you need to learn

Leading ideas for topic 11:

1. The modern era is an era of growing interdependence of a contradictory but increasingly holistic world. 2. The center and connecting link of the whole complex of global problems of our time is man and his future.

Key scientific knowledge of Topic 11:

1. The concept of globalization and global problems of mankind. 2. Essence, causes of occurrence and ways of solving each of these problems. 3. The concept of a sustainable development strategy. 4. Sustainable development and geography. 5. Key words of the topic: 1) globalization, 2) "golden billion", 3) global problem, 4) ecological crisis, 5) crisis (critical) ecological region, 6) marine economy, 7) global forecast, 8) global scientific hypothesis, 9) global (world) project, 10) sustainable development.

With included in it theme"Global ... militaristic ideas of the Western block... In Soviet ... with advance given properties by ... form getting material ... knowledge and skills, which form the basis of the worldview, general ...

General characteristics of the methodology of science

Document

... block... “The first of them are the categories in which the most are commonspecifications... thoughts on mining and explaining the facts. Together with themes there are methodologies ... for his life knowledge, skills, skills: knowledge- a system of scientific ...

Test number 9.

NORTH AMERICA.

6. By overlaying figure 90 in the textbook and the map of the administrative division of the United States in the atlas, determine:

A) two main "wheat" states;

B) the main "corn" state.
7. Using the materials of topic 9, identify the main typological features of the population and economy of the United States and Canada. Present them in the form of a table:

Country	Reproduction type	National composition of the population	Urbanization level	The level of development of the economy	Sectoral structure of the economy	Territorial structure of the economy
USA
Canada

8. Draw on a contour map of North America:

A) The largest cities;

B) Main seaports;

Test number 10.

LATIN AMERICA.

1. Using the "business card" on the flyleaf of the textbook, make a table "Latin American countries":

4. Using the textbook text and the economic map of Latin America in the atlas, draw on a contour map of the region the main mining and exporting countries:

Iron ore;

Copper ore;

Bauxite;

Tin ore;

Saltpeter.
5. Using the text of the textbook, the physical and economic map of Latin America in the atlas, draw on a contour map of the region the main countries specializing in production:

Cocoa beans;

Bananas;

Wheat;

Corn;

Test number 11.

GLOBAL PROBLEMS OF HUMANITY.

Global problem	The essence of the problem	Causes of occurrence	Ways to solve the problem
1. Peace and disarmament
2. Environmental
3. Demographic
4. Energy and raw materials
5. Peaceful space exploration
6. Bridging the gap of developing countries
7. Use of the world's oceans
8. Food

4. Using the content of the textbook, periodicals and other sources of information, prepare a written abstract (message) on one of the topics:

"Towards a nuclear-free and secure world."
"Problems of human health and longevity."
"The cosmic threat is a threat to all mankind."
"The demographic situation in Russia".
"Energy and raw materials problems: solutions".
"The problem of food is a problem for each of us."

1 For the convenience of finding the necessary information, the page numbers of the textbook are indicated in brackets. In the case of textbooks published earlier than 2004, the page numbers shown in parentheses may not match.

2 In some tasks, several (more than one) variants of the correct answer are allowed.

Topic 9. NORTH AMERICA

Assignment 2 Using the text of the textbook and Figures 83-86, describe the largest

(creative their urban agglomerations and megalopolises of the United States. Calculate the fraction of three

Additional Make a US Cities and States crossword puzzle.

task (for fun).

Task 4. Using the textbook text and the Atlas of US Mineral Resources, prove that US minerals contribute to a diversified industry. Illustrate the following phrase of the textbook: "The main wealth of the eastern part is fuel minerals, the western part is ore." Apply the typical plan for characterizing the natural prerequisites for the development of industry in the country (region) on p. 222.

Additional Using data on reserves and production of coal, oil, natural gas, iron

Task 6. Using Figure 88, compose a summary-reference table "Major regions of the US ferrous metallurgy" in the notebook in the following form:

Task 7. Using Figure 28, determine from which countries the United States is importing iron ore. What caused this?

Additional Using the same cards, make a summary-reference in a notebook

body protective table "Structure of mechanical engineering in the largest centers of this industry Denmark (complicated). in USA".

Formulate and write down your findings.

Task 10. Using the plans of the central parts of New York and Washington in the atlas and

(creative additional sources of information, prepare a message about cultural

something!).-historical and architectural landmarks of one of these cities. Take a short “tour” of the city as a “guide”.

Assignment 11... Based on the text and pictures of the textbook and atlas maps, give a short

(creative a written description of one of the US macro-regions (by its own

something!) choice).

Additional Imagine that you have undertaken "travels" in the USA - along

body protective parallels 40 ° N sh. and along the meridian 100 ° W. e. Describe the routes.

denmark (for pleasure). Use additional literature.

Assignment 12 Carefully review the text and figures of Part I of the textbook and tables

(creative"Applications". Choose from them everything related to Canada. Use

something!). Atlas maps for Canada. Based on these materials, complete the brief socio-economic profile of this country given in the textbook. Apply the sample country profile plan on p. 329.

Assignment 13 1. (Work in a notebook.) Using the materials of topic 9, name the main

(final). typological features of the population and economy of the USA and Canada. Present them in the form of the following table:

Work with this table, make a generalization.

2. (Work on a contour map.) Draw on a contour map of North America (optional): 1) major cities, 2) major seaports, 3) transcontinental railways. You can expand this list at your own discretion.

3. Determine what types of thematic maps in the textbook and atlas you used to study this topic. Which ones were new to you?

4. Using the text of the textbook and Figure 81, describe the Central Business District of an American city.

UNIT OF SELF-CONTROL AND MUTUAL CONTROL

Explain why:

1. The Northeast United States was named the "workshop of the nation."

2. A significant part of the heavy industry of the USA and Canada is concentrated in the Great Lakes region.

3. US aluminum factories are located in the valleys of the Tennessee and Columbia rivers.

4. The specialization of agriculture in the United States and Canada changes as we move from east to west.

5. Florida, California and Hawaii attract the most tourists.

6. In the United States and Canada, in recent decades, there has been an increase in interest in the development of the regions of the North.

What problems arise:

1. Due to the accelerated industrialization of the South and West of the United States?

2. Due to the fact that the US economy is becoming increasingly dependent on imports of oil, iron ore and other raw materials and fuels?

Do you agree with the following statements:

1. Megalopolis "Boswash" - the largest urbanized area in the United States?

2. Has Alaska become an important oil production region in the United States recently?

3. Is the farming type of agriculture dominant in the USA and Canada?

4. Is the US transportation system of the same type as the transportation system in overseas Europe?

5. Does the St. Lawrence River connect the Great Lakes to New York?

6. Is Atlanta the largest airport in the world?

7. Is Canada's population 1/2 of the US population?

Can you:

1. Find on the map the cities of the United States mentioned in the main text of topic 9, and place them from east to west from memory?

2. Give examples of "dairy", "corn", "wheat", "orange", "pineapple", "apple", "cotton" US states?

3. To draw on a contour map of New England, Far West, California?

4. Say which of the following indicators characterizes the share of the West in the area of the entire country (in%): 20, 36, 49, 64?

5. List the types of minerals for which Canada is a global producer and exporter?

Use textbook text and maps to answer questions:

1. In which parts of the US is it most likely busyness people in: 1) oil production, 2) aerospace industry, 3) raising broiler chickens?

2. Which transcontinental railways can cross the USA and Canada in latitudinal direction?

3. What natural, socioeconomic, and historical reasons contributed to the development of the US Northeast?

Imagine:

1. That you have visited one of the major cities in the USA or Canada. Describe it.

3. That you have the opportunity to work at: 1) a cattle ranch, 2) a tobacco plantation, 3) a sawmill. Which US states or Canadian provinces should you go to?

Fill in the blanks in the following phrases:

1.The economic capital of the United States is considered ..., but it is increasingly competing ....

2. Much of the Midwest faces ... and ..., the two main waterways of North America.

3. Among the important crops of the South of the United States is ....

4. In the Canadian province ... most of the inhabitants speak French.

METHODOLOGICAL KEYS TO TOPIC 9

What to remember

1. The political map and the peoples of North America. (Geography, grade 7.) 2. Features of the physical and geographical location, relief, minerals, climate, waters, soils and vegetation of North America. (Geography, grade 7.) 3. Features of the historical development of North America at the end of the XIX-first half of the XX century. (History, grades 8, 9.) 4. Materials of Part I of this textbook. 5. Concepts and terms: reserve, farmer.

What you need to know

Leading ideas for topic 9:

1. As a result of the collapse of the world socialist system and the Soviet Union, the role of the United States in world politics and economy has increased. 2. New relations between Russia, other countries with economies in transition and the United States have become an important factor in international stability and have changed the entire world political situation for the better.

Key scientific knowledge of Topic 9:

1. Characteristic features of EGL, geography of natural resources and the population of the United States. 2. General characteristics of the US economy. 3. The main features of the geography of industry, agriculture, transport, environmental management of the United States, the main industrial and agricultural regions. 4. Macro-regionalization of the USA and the appearance of each of the four macro-regions. 5. Brief economic and geographical characteristics of Canada. 6. Key words of the topic: 1) North American type of city, 2) "second economy", 3) gross national product, 4) stage-by-stage specialization, 5) North American type of transport network, 6) industrial belt, 7) agricultural belt, 8) focal type of territory development.

What you need to be able to

Instructions and plans for mastering self-study skills

1. Plan of characteristics of the industry of the country (region):

2. Country Characterization Plan:

UNIT FOR OBTAINING KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS

Additional Determine the main territorial combinations of minerals

Task 4. Using figures 12-14 of the textbook and maps of fertility, mortality and natural population growth in the atlas, specify the provisions of the textbook related to population reproduction.