RGGU What for the University. Russian State Humanitarian University

Russian State Humanitarian University (RGU) is one of Russia's leading humanitarian universities in the field of humanitarian and social areas, a higher educational institution in Moscow.

Russian state humanitarian University (RGU)
International name	Russian State University for the Humanities
Motto	"Century traditions - modern technologies"
Year of foundation	September 30, 1930
Rector	Bezborodov, Alexander Borisovich
The president	Pivovar, Efim Josephovich
Students	More than 25,000
Location	Russia Russia, Moscow
Metro	05 Novoslobodskaya 09 Mendeleevskaya 05 Belarusian 02 Belorussian
Legal address	GSP-3, Mius Square, 6
Website	rsuh.ru.

History

The Russian State Humanitarian University (RGGU) was organized in March 1991 on the basis of.

Another component of the Moscow City People's University named after A. L. Shanyavsky became another component - one of the most progressive pre-revolutionary higher educational institutions, Open for people of all classes and floors (existed from the 1919 years). From to 1932, the University of Shanyavsky was reorganized into the "Communist University named after Ya. M. Sverdlova". From to 1939, the same university was renamed the Supreme Communist Agricultural University, from to 1991 he was called the highest party school at the CPSU Central Committee.

Thus, as the main new University She took the historic building of the University of Shanyavsky on the Mius Square, becoming the successor of the Higher Party School. The building of the historical and archival institute in Nikolskaya Street also became an equal part of the territorial structure of the university.

In the mid-2010, it turned out that the University's budget formed a "hole" at 238 million rubles, and therefore began to reduce the number of teaching staff. September 16, 2016 12 employees were mastered from the Institute of Psychology, due to the plans of the New Rector of the University Evgenia Ivakhnenko, to optimize the staff and increase the burden on teachers. The university has spread the practice of introducing annual contracts with teachers, and the load on the teacher's bet reached 900 hours per year (and 600 hours extracurricular work) .

Since September 2017, post I.O. Rector, replacing E.N. Ivaknenko, occupies A. B. Bezborozov, who took the course to increase the position of the university in the ranking of higher educational institutions of Russia. The ubiquitous practice of annual contracts with teachers was canceled, a reduction in the workload on the faculty was reducing. Order of the Minister of Science and Higher Education Russian Federation In September 2018, he was appointed Rector of RGGU.

In 2018, according to RAEX rating, RGGU entered the top 10 universities in the field of "Humanitarian and Social Directions". One of the criteria was the cooperation of universities with leading world educational organizationsIn this sphere, the RSU has demonstrated confident leading positions.

Training

Structure

The composition of the RGGU operates 13 educational and scientific institutions:

• Institute of Economics, Management and Law
• Institute of Psychology. L.S. Vygotsky
• Institute Massmenia
• Institute of Linguistics
• Institute information Sciences and security technologies
• Institute of Philology and History
• Institute of Post-Soviet and Interregional Studies
• Institute of Eastern Cultures and Antiquity
• Institute of Higher humanitarian studies them. E.A. Meltelinsky
• International Institute of New educational technologies

In addition, there are 3 universitive faculties (sociological, philosophical, art history), 7 university departments, 8 university educational and scientific and scientific and scientific centers, 17 international educational and scientific centers.

Also in the RGU Institute additional education, Humanitarian College, Training Art Museum, created jointly with the State Museum of Fine Arts. A. S. Pushkin, Scientific Library, Center for the recruitment of libraries of universities of the Russian Federation by foreign literature, the Center for the Conservation of Documents of the Library of Universities of the Russian Federation.

Historical and Archive Institute

Historical and Archive Institute of RGGU (IAI RGGU) - a structural unit in the composition of the RGGU, the successor of Moscow historical and Archive Institute (MGIAI), founded in 1930. Director - Dr. East. Sciences, Professor A. B. Bezborozov. As part of the Institute, the Faculty of Archived; Faculty of document science and technotronic archives; Faculty of History, Political Science and Rights of the RGU, including the educational and scientific Meso American Center. Yu. V. Knorozova; Faculty of international relations and foreign regions, the highest school of documents and archival studies.

Institute of Economics, Management and Law

Main article: Institute of Economics, Management and Rights of the RGU

Institute of Information Sciences and Security Technologies

Consists of faculty information systems and security (FISB).

Institute of Philology and History

As part of the Institute, the historical and philological faculty; Separation of translation and translating practice; Branch of literature, theater and cinema.

Institute of Eastern Cultures and Antiquity

As part of the institute, the center of the comparative study of the cultures of the East and West; Center comparativsty; Center of Antiquity; Center of Eastern and Hellenistic Archeology; Center of Ancient Studies; Memorial Cabinet-library Academician B. N. Toporova; as well as 5 departments.

Institute of New Educational Technologies

As part of the Institute, an educational and scientific center for the development of information and educational projects; Educational and scientific center of promising media technologies; Center for network broadcasting, service and information support of the multimedia classes complex; educational and scientific laboratory of educational technologies; Laboratory system integration educational space; Laboratory on the problems of informatics, mechatronics and sensory; Laboratory of Technical Training Means.

Russian Anthropological School

The Educational and Scientific Institute of the Russian Anthropological School was formed in 2003 on the basis of the seminar "Cognitive problems of anthropology". RASH - Stage of the implementation of the plan of academician Vyacheslav Vsevolodovich Ivanova to create an educational and scientific structure integrating different humanitarian sciences and related to them discipline of logical and mathematical and biological knowledge.

Department of sociocultural studies

Created in 2013, the head of the department - Galina Ivanovna Zverev. The Department includes the Department of History and Theory of Culture, the Educational and Scientific Center for Socio-Cultural Projects and the School of Informal humanitarian education "Cultural dimension." Preparation of bachelors in the areas of "Culture of Russia", "Culture of Europe", "Culture of Mass Communications", as well as masters on the programs "Culture Media" and "Culturology of the XX century". Among the teachers of Oski - O. V. Gavrishhina, K. Yu. Erusalimsky, I. V. Kondakov, O. V. Moroz, E. I. Nesterova, A. A. Oleinikov, E. E. Savitsky, I. G. Yakovenko. Oski spends annually in mid-April Conference " Modern methods Studying culture. "

Universive faculties

• Philosophical faculty. Dean of the Faculty - Valery Dmitrievich Gubin. The Faculty includes: Department of History of Patriotic Philosophy (Head - Vyacheslav Serbinenko); Department modern problems philosophy (Head of Vladimir Filatov); Department of Social Philosophy (Head of Evgeny Ivakhnenko); Department of History of Foreign Philosophy (Head - Valery Gubin); Center for phenomenological studies (Head of Victor Molchanov); Center of historians of Russian philosophy. V. V. Zenkovsky (Chairman - Vyacheslav Serbinenko); Experimental educational and scientific laboratory "Dialogue of Cultures" (Chapter - Anatoly Akhutin).
• Sociological faculty. Dean - Jean Tortievich Tishchenko. The Faculty includes: Department of Theory and Sociology History; Department of Applied Sociology; Department of Political Sociology; Basic Department of WTCIOM; Center for sociological research.
• Faculty of art history. Until 1999 - Faculty of Museology. Dean - Vladimir Alekseevich Kolotaev. The Faculty includes: Department " high school restoration "; Department of Art History Ancient Mira and middle ages; Department of theory and history of the art of the new and modern time; Department of Museology; Department of Cinema and Contemporary Art; Training center "Art-Design"; high school art practices and museum technologies.

Universivatical departments

• Department of the countries of the post-Soviet abroad
• Department of History of Science
• Department of Foreign Languages
• Department of Applied Foreign Languages \u200b\u200b"International Specializations"
• Department of Physical Education
• A group of civil defense

• Center for the study of religions
• Educational and Scientific Center of Social Anthropology
• Center "Society of Historians of Russian Philosophy. V. V. Zenkovsky "
• Center for the study of the culture of the peoples of Siberia
• Educational and Scientific Center for Visual Anthropology and Egoistory
• Scientific and educational center of cognitive programs and technologies
• Training and Scientific Center Tyology and Folklore Semiotics
• Educational Institute of Russian History

• Educational and Sciential Meso American Center. Yu.V. Knorozov
• Russian-American Center Bibletics and Judaiki
• Russian-American educational and scientific center
• Center for research, education and culture "Moscow-Quebec"
• Russian-Swiss educational and scientific center
• Russian-German educational and scientific center
• Russian-French Center for Historical Anthropology. Block brand
• Russian-Italian educational and scientific center
• Center Benilyux
• Russian-Swedish educational and scientific center
• Russian-Turkish educational and scientific center
• Training and Scientific Center Iraniustics
• Educational and Scientific Center of Egyptology. V.S. Glenchev
• Higher School of European Cultures
• Educational and Scientific Center of the Russian Language
• International Scientific and Training Center for the Study of South Asia

Rectors

Graduates

RGGU is a partner of the Russian intellectual resources program, so annually the university ends a large number of graduates, which then go to work in leading Russian and foreign companies, as well as in public administration. From graduates of the RGGU, such famous personalities can be distinguished as: Tina Kandelaki, Maxim Galkin, Andrei Malakhov, Ivan Alekseev (Noize MC), Dmitry Borisov, Lyudmila Alyabyev, Peter Osipov, Yuri Lander, Alexander Malkin, David Belozers and others.

Criticism

Notes

1. Table 5. Top 10 universities in the field of "Humanitarian and Social Directions" (Neopr.) . RaExpert.ru. Checked on September 11, 2018.
2. Chorhordina T. I. History of the Institute //. - (Checked September 28, 2010).

Teacher About University

Specialties with the highest passing point in 2012

Foreign Regional Studies

The most popular destination in the latest entrance exams. Foreign regions is taught at the Department of International Relations and Foreign Regional Studies in the historical and archival institute. Much attention is paid there foreign languages and close cooperation with the training centers of those countries whose studies are engaged in. There is the possibility of internships abroad.

International relationships

International relations, which is called, trend, and not only in the RGU, of course. From year to year, steady demand is maintained for this direction. Students - in addition to the general professional objects, it is to be studied both humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines and mathematics, computer science and even natural science.

The most expensive specialty

International relationships

International relations are leading both in lists with a high passing point and in lists of expensive specialties. It is clear: the practice of students can take place in the Foreign Ministry, the State Duma, in the embassies foreign countries or tax service.

Journalism

At the faculty of journalism there is directly Department of Journalism, Department of Television, Radio and Internet Technologies and Department literary critics. It is believed that in the RGGU try to pay great attention to the practical component of the profession.

The most mysterious specialty

Technotronic documentary heritage specialist

This is taught at the Department of Audiovisual Documents and Archives, Abbreviated - Hell. Graduates of this department - "Professionals with necessary skills Creation, storage and distribution of cinema, photo, background and video information. "

Famous teachers

Andrei Malakhov
Lecturer of the Department of Journalism

He is maintained by the Maintenance of a Talk Show on Modern Television.

Famous graduates

3 Important news of recent years

In June 2012, the TV channel "Russia-1" showed the plot in which journalists talked about violations when receiving students and bribery facts. In RGGU, it seems to be conducted internal check and said that those teachers who are mentioned in the plot are no longer working at the university.

In the fall of 2010, the building of the RGUG on Muskaya mined each Wednesday for several weeks. The attackers were found never.

In March 2011, an educational and scientific laboratory was created in the structure of the center of the modern Russian literature of the Institute of Philology and History of the RSU. D.A. PRIGOVA. The laboratory organizes lectures and training coursesDedicated to the Segal, forms the electronic archive of his works, conducts "Priviless readings" and supports the study of his work.

Library

Almost the only structure of the RGUGU, to which the students say, it is difficult to complain. Very large foundation that even philologists on junior courses Allows you to cope with the program without the help of Leninka. Systematized digital catalogue, media library and even department rare bookswhere things come across like Caramzine Correspondence with Lafater.

Main place Tusovki

This, of course, the courtyard formed by the buildings of the main building of the RGUGU. Here there is Wi-Fi, trees are planted, stand benches, and in the spring and summer open a veranda and a cafeteria window. Here is a smoking room - a rather unpleasant glazed room with a cafe-machine, but without ventilation.

Dining room

As students tell, several years ago, rebranding happened to their beloved dining room and instead of beautiful chicken broths for 30 rubles now offer, for example, "Caesar" with yellowed leaves. Now the full dinner in the student dining room costs as a few business lunches. Many students run into nearby institutions like "two sticks" or "urgent bread", "Alphabet of taste" or "Magnolia". Everyone who cannot succeed is forced for one trip to the dining room to leave all their scholarships there. In it, the three halls: a little for teachers and employees and two large for students - six-meter ceilings, huge windows and racks with yogurts, coffee, fresh juices, sandwiches and buns.

Students about University

Tonya Larznova
Historical and Philology Faculty, 5 Course

"When I decided to become a historian in the ninth grade, my parents immediately said:" So you will go to the RGGU. " By the end of the school, my interests have changed somewhat, and as a result I fell on the philology of the History and Philological Institute. And did not lose. My teachers became the most prominent humanities scientists, and one-laugains are the most talented people, which only can be represented. RGGU, like any large university, uniting many different specialties, has its strong and weak sides. It is humanitarian specialties that, by virtually established circumstances, constitute the main pride and value of the university. Historical and archive institute, art history and, finally, my historical and philological institute - it is they are worth going to RGGU. I'm not sure that the same can be said about the economy or management - they have to go to profile universities, and not to us. True, I have a feeling that in the RGGU too much too much and too do not make accents. It would be worth supporting humanitarian specialties - they made the university name. Instead, salaries are cut, and teachers, which is understandable, go to work at other universities. If everything continues in the same spirit, then I am not sure that the RGGU will be able to keep the position of the largest humanitarian university country. "

Dima carriers
Institute of Linguistics, 4 Course

"I find it difficult to talk about the entire RGU in general: judging by my friends from other faculties, the only thing that is in common, is a mess in the schedule, when, for example, five pairs can be in a row on Monday, and on Tuesday - one, And necessarily in the middle of the day. About your faculty - Institute of Linguistics - I can say that we have almost all the studies arranged in such a way that in the end, the knowledge of which he himself seriously seeks: if someone is not interested in someone linguistics, then you can still hold out to the fifth course, What is especially without going into; Make sure that you are expelled quite difficult. At the same time, if you really want to learn something, then for this there are also all the conditions. That is, all lectures and seminars work, in a sense, as the first step - and then it is already necessary to take some at least the initial effort to be at the right side: to go to the lekrara, ask questions, take books in the library, sign up for special course. "

Nastya Kamenev
Historical and Philology Faculty, 3 Course

"I do not know how to describe the RGGU. Yes, this is an uncomfortable schedule, problems with the presence of free audiences, often - the overall atmosphere of light madness. The session, which is unnoticed in the middle of the semester and is not necessarily ending with his end. Unimaginable names of access points Waifa, secret locations throughout. After some time, cease to be surprised at all anything and you begin to treat your university simultaneously with irony and tenderness. However, if talking seriously, in the RGGU really has the opportunity to get a decent education. Many strong departments, for example, department german philology Ifi Rggu, where I study german And associated discipline. Many excellent teachers, for the sake of classes with whom you can suffer inconvenience in the schedule. With most of them, students have a warm relationship, and, probably, this is the most valuable. "

RGGU is one of prestigious universities countries. It is located in the capital of Russia. In the walls educational institution Knowledge receive about 10 thousand Moscow students. Approximately 20 thousand people learn from branches of the Russian State Humanitarian University, located in 52 cities of the country. RSUGU Reviews leave positive, because there is everything you need to get high-quality higher education.

About University

The date of the creation of the RGU is considered March 27, 1991. It was on this day that the corresponding resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR was published. However, the history of the higher educational institution begins much earlier. The fact is that the RGU was founded on the basis of the Moscow State Historical and Archival Institute, which was created on September 3, 1930 as an archival institution.

Over the years of its existence, the Russian State Humanitarian University has achieved good results. He entered the top ten leading universities of the country. It was possible to achieve success thanks to teachers. They ensure the high quality of the educational process. It is also worth noting that the institution has created the best conditions for learning. All audiences are well equipped.

Structure of the RSU.

As part of Russian state University Scientific and educational institutions work. Here are some of them and the faculties functioning in their composition:

• Institute of Management, Economics and Law (Economic and Legal Faculties, Faculty of Management, Department of International Relations).
• The historical and archival institute, which is part of the RSUGU (faculties - archival business, documents and technological archives, history, political science and law, department of international relations and foreign regions, the department of local history and historical and cultural tourism).
• Institute of Psychology (Faculty of Psychology, Faculty of Psychological and Pedagogical Education).
• Theoretical and applied linguistics).
• Institute of Mass Media (Faculty of Journalism).
• Institute of Philology and History (Translation Department and Translation Practice, Historical and Philology, Branch of Literature, Theater and Cinema).
• Institute of Information Sciences and Security Technologies (Faculty of Information Systems and Security).
• Institute of Post-Soviet and Interregional Studies.
• Institute of Eastern Cultures and Antiquity.

In the RSU selection committee also indicates that there are universitive faculties:

• art history;
• philosophical;
• sociological.

Bachelor, Master and Graduate Studies

RGGU invites graduates of schools and other educational institutions for training under undergraduate programs. Enrollment is carried out by the results of the USE or according to the results of entrance exams held in the walls of the RGU. Points by different specialties They differ and are revised every year.

Due to learning, students receive a common professional training at the selected direction. At the end of the undergraduate, they are issued a bachelor's degree. This document confirms the receipt of higher education.

The Admission Office invites baccalaureate graduates to continue their studies on the magistracy. Part of the students has the opportunity to enter budget places. In the RSUGU passing points - 30 points on each of the tests. When training on the magistracy, students are most of work independently. They make many tasks, take part in research seminars, work on a project of the dissertation. After graduation, students can enroll in graduate school.

student life

Students RGGU Life is very saturated. They not only receive knowledge, but also take part in various sports and creative events. The university regularly hosts competitions in football, basketball, volleyball, table tennis, bowling. Actively develop combined flooding, athletics, karate.

In the RGGU (Moscow) there are several clubs. One of them is an intellectual creativity club. In it, students play in various games ("His game", "What? Where? When?"), Learn to work in a team. The university also has a guitar club, where everyone's learning is trained in the class of acoustic and electric guitar.

Humanitarian College of RGGU.

The structural division of the educational institution is the Humanitarian College. It has been functioning since 2006. For admission to the College, the girls and young men pass exams. The best applicants are credited to college. Training can last from 2 to 4 years. The term depends on the selected specialty. Upon graduation, graduates receive a diploma diploma.

As evidenced reviews, the quality of education is quite high. TO learning process The university teachers are attracted, most of whom are professors, doctors, candidates of science. It is also worth noting that college students have access to the library of the Russian State Humanitarian University.

Branches of the University

Applications for admission to the RSUGU Reception Commission receives not only from Moscow applicants. People from other cities are dreaming of this university. Many of them come to Moscow to get prestigious higher education. Inogeneous students university provides a hostel.

Some people who wish to study in the RGGU are not necessary to go to Moscow, because the branches of this university are located in many Russian cities:

• St. Petersburg.
• Astrakhan.
• Velikiy Novgorod.
• Tolyatti.
• Krasnoyarsk.
• Volgograd.
• Elista.
• Yaroslavl.
• Kaliningrad, etc.

general information

The Russian State Humanitarian University was formed on the basis of the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR of March 27, 1991 No. 175 "On the organization of the Russian State Humanitarian University" on the basis of the Moscow State Historical and Archival Institute. And in the same year the first reception of applicants in the RGGU took place.

Despite comparative youth, the RGGU occupies one of the leading places among higher educational institutions of the country and is rightfully considered the leading scientific and educational center of Russia. Our university became the first university, in the title of which were the words "Russian" and "Humanitarian". We proudly wearing this name, constantly confirming your high status. The successes achieved over these years are recognized not only within the country, but also beyond it, in the international scientific community. Recently, the RGGU is in popularity among applicants. And we consider our duty not only to maintain, but to develop and multiply the heritage with which the university joined the third decade of its history.

Principles of work of the RSUG include:

• connection of science and educationallowing a student to receive research skills and a set of necessary competencies required for scientist.
• integrity and interdisciplination - Humanitarian knowledge is presented here a non-fragmented set of highly specialized disciplines, but a single complex of sciences.
• practical oriented approach To the training of specialists based on a suspended combination of fundamental theoretical knowledge and practical skills.
• european two-stage education system Significantly expands the choice of forms of training and opens the prospect of internships and work abroad.
• favorable educational environment , which is based on the idea of \u200b\u200bfreedom of creative and professional self-expression and the principles of tolerance.
• personal orientation of educationallowing to reveal the individual abilities of students. The university effectively functions the tutorial system.
• lifelong Learning Concept, considering education as a continuous process. A comprehensive pre-university and postgraduate preparation is carried out in the RGGU, the network of branches in the Moscow region and regions of Russia, as well as postgraduate studies and doctoral studies.
• principles of "education by means of art"contributing to the creation of a special environment - training among museum and exhibition halls.

RGUGU today is:

• wide set curriculum for all levels of education - From school to postgraduate, almost in all areas of humanitarian knowledge.
• highly qualified faculty. Here are the leading scientists and specialists of the Russian Academy of Sciences, famous universities in Moscow, others scientific institutions and successful business enterprises. More than 70 academics and corresponding members of Russian and foreign academies, more than 200 doctors, over 500 candidates of science work in the RSU.
• developed scientific activity - RGGU is recognized as lead russian Center in the field of humanitarian and social sciences.
• active international activities. International educational and scientific centers operate at the university, double diplomas are issued. There are more than 250 cooperation agreements with leading foreign universities and research institutions. Hundreds of students and graduate students are annually in leading European and world universities.
• saturated student life. RGGU provides its students with ample opportunities for self-realization, supports student initiatives. Tens of circles, sections, clubs on the most demanding taste.
• accessibility of education. A network of university branches covering the whole country has been created here. Remote education techniques are widely used.
• implementation B. educational process modern multimedia technologies.

Students of the Russian State Humanitarian University (RGGU) conducted in the very center of Moscow Flash Mob in protest against eviction of the RSUG from buildings on Nikolskaya Street.

The Russian State Humanitarian University (RGGU) was created on the basis of the Moscow State Historical and Archive Institute by Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 27, 1991.

In its activities, the university relies on the experience of two unique Russian educational institutions - Moscow National University named after A.L. Shanyavsky (the building of the University of Shanyavsky is part of the main building of the RSGU) and the Moscow State Historical and Archive Institute.

All levels of education are presented in the RGGU: Dovuzovsky, secondary professional, higher, second higher, graduate school, doctoral degree.

The structure of the RGGU includes nine educational institutions (Historical and archival; Economics, management and law; Psychology. L. S. Vygotsky; Mass Media; Linguistics; information sciences and security technologies; philology and history; Eastern cultures and antiquity; new educational technologies), 11 faculties, 65 departments. In addition, here are: center dovevuzovsky education, five international educational and scientific centers, an educational art museum created together with State Museum fine arts them. A. S. Pushkin, Scientific Library, Center for the recruitment of libraries of the Russian Federation by foreign literature, the center of conservation of documents of libraries of universities of the Russian Federation, the educational and scientific center "History of Science and New Education Technologies", etc.

More than 10 thousand students in the head unit and about 20 thousand are studying in the RGGU. The professorship of the university has almost 500 full-time teachers and about 200 part-time members, specialists from institutions of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow universities and other scientific institutions. 27 academicians work in the RGGU, seven Corresponding Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 115 professors and doctors, 310 candidates of science.

RGGU is conducted by student students educational programs 22 specialties and 12 directions of training, including oriental studies, religious studies, history, political science, historical and archival, museology, management, global economy, philosophy, philology, psychology, intellectual systems and journalism. About 300 graduate students of 36 specialties are studying in graduate school. The university has a doctoral student, 11 specialized dissertation councils work, five of them - on the protection of doctoral dissertations.

Rector of RGGU - Efim Josephovich Bivewar (elected secret ballot and approved on March 15, 2006 by the University Conference of the RGU).

The historical and archival institute of the RGGU is located in the house 15 on Nikolskaya Street. The building attracts attention a kind of architecture in the style of Russian Gothic - it was built in 1810-1814 by the architect I. Mironovsky for a synodal printing house. The building is decorated with two spiers. On the facade there are a sundial, and bas relief images of a lion and a unicorn, symbols placed above them royal power and power. This is the coat of arms of the sores of a printed yard, borrowed from the personal press of Ivan the Terrible. On the typography building, he appeared not by chance: in this place in the 16th century there was a printed courtyard. Here, in 1564, Ivan Fedorov and Peter Mstislavts, the first Russian printed book "Apostle" was released, and in 1703 the Master of the Printing Court issued the first Russian newspaper "Vedomosti".